Note: Front Cover -- Experimental Food Science -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- PART I: FOOD EXPERIMENTATION -- CHAPTER 1. FOOD EXPERIMENTATION -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. USING AND PRESENTING FORMULAS -- III. CONTROLLING EXPERIMENTS -- IV. CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES -- V. EVALUATING RESULTS OF CLASS EXPERIMENTS -- VI. REPORTING THE RESULTS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 2. PLANNING THE EXPERIMENT -- I. SELECTING AND DEFINING THE PROBLEM -- II. REVIEWING THE LITERATURE -- III. WRITING THE PLAN -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 3. EVALUATING FOOD BY OBJECTIVE METHODS -- I. CATEGORIES OF OBJECTIVE METHODS -- II. APPEARANCE -- III. COLOR -- IV. GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS -- V. TEXTURE -- VI. MISCELLANEOUS TESTS -- References -- CHAPTER 4. EVALUATING FOOD BY SENSORY METHODS -- I. SENSORY EVALUATION DEFINED -- II. PREPARATION AND SAMPLING -- III. PRESENTATION OF SAMPLES -- IV. ENVIRONMENT FOR TESTING -- V. SELECTION AND TRAINING OF PANELISTS -- VI. TYPES OF TESTS -- VII. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS -- VIII. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 5. PREPARING THE REPORT -- I. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- II. THE LANGUAGE OF THE REPORT -- III. A SAMPLE REPORT -- IV. ORAL REPORTS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- PART II: FOOD SCIENCE TODAY -- CHAPTER 6. INTRODUCTION TO FOOD SCIENCE -- I. WATER -- II. FOOD DISPERSIONS -- III. ACIDITY AND HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION (pH) -- IV. ENZYMES -- V. BROWNING -- VI. ENERGY TRANSFER AND CONVERSION AND MASS TRANSFER -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 7. EGGS -- I. STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION -- II. EGG QUALITY -- III. FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS AND THEIR ROLES IN PRODUCTS -- IV. PROCESSED EGGS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE IN FOOD SYSTEMS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 8. MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS -- I. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. , II. COMPONENTS OF MILK -- III. ALTERATION OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS BY PROCESSING -- IV. USE OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS IN FOOD PRODUCTION -- V. USE OF MILK COMPONENTS IN FORMULATED FOODS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 9. MEAT -- I. EATING QUALITY OF MEATAS DETERMINED BY MUSCLE TISSUE COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE -- II. MUSCLES AND MEAT QUALITY -- III. POST-MORTEM AGING -- IV. PROCESSED MEATS -- V. MEAT COOKERY -- VI. PROCESSES TO TENDERIZE MEAT -- VII. VEGETABLE PROTEINS AS MEAT EXTENDERS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 10. POULTRY -- I. COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE -- II. QUALITY ATTRIBUTES -- III. PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION -- IV. INFLUENCE OF COOKING METHODS ON QUALITY -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 11. FISH -- I. CLASSIFICATION -- II. QUALITY ATTRIBUTES -- III. STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION -- IV. PROCESSING -- V. EFFECTS OF COOKING ON QUALITY -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 12. FOOD MICROBIOLOGY -- I. FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS -- II. MICROORGANISMS AND FOODBORNE ILLNESSES -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 13. FOOD PRESERVATION -- I. APPLICATION OF HEAT -- II. LOW TEMPERATURE -- III. LOWERING WATER ACTIVITY -- IV. CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS -- V. CONTROLLED OR MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE AND PACKAGING -- VI. IRRADIATION -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 14. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES -- I. TEXTURE -- II. COLOR -- III. FLAVOR -- IV. METHODS OF COOKING VEGETABLES -- V. LEGUMES -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 15. FATS AND THEIR LIPID CONSTITUENTS -- I. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS -- II. PHYSICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF FATS -- III. CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF LIPIDS -- IV. PROCESSING OF FATS -- V. FUNCTIONS OF FATS IN FOOD -- VI. FAT SUBSTITUTES -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 16. STARCH. , I. THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL NATURE OF STARCH -- II. PROCESSES UNDERGONE BY STARCH -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 17. FLOUR -- I. WHEAT FLOUR -- II. NONWHEAT FLOURS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 18. LEAVENING AGENTS -- I. LEAVENING GASES -- II. CHEMICAL LEAVENING AGENTS -- III. BIOLOGICAL LEAVENING SYSTEMS (YEAST FERMENTATION) -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 19. YEAST BREADS -- I. WHITE WHEAT BREAD -- II. VARIETY BREADS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 20. QUICK BREADS, EXTRUDED FOODS, AND PASTA -- I. QUICK BREADS -- II. EXTRUDED FOODS -- III. PASTA -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 21. SHORTENED CAKES -- I. INGREDIENTS -- II. MIXING -- III. BAKING -- IV. CAKE QUALITY -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 22. PASTRY AND COOKIES -- I. PASTRY -- II. COOKIES -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 23. SUGARS AND ALTERNATIVE SWEETENERS -- I. SUGARS -- II. ALTERNATIVE SWEETENERS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- CHAPTER 24. CRYSTALLIZATION -- I. CRYSTALLINE CANDY -- II. FROZEN DESSERTS -- Suggested Exercises -- References -- Appendix A: Basic Formulas and Procedures -- Appendix B: Conversion table For Oven temperatures -- Appendix C: Sources of Equipment -- Appendix D: Improvised Tests -- Appendix E: Table for Sensory Difference Tests -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Plant Virology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- I. HISTORICA L -- II. DEFINITION OF A VIRUS -- Chapter 2. Methods for Assay, Detection, and Diagnosis -- I. METHODS INVOLVING BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE VIRUS -- II. METHODS DEPENDING ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS PARTICLE -- III. METHODS DEPENDING ON PROPERTIES OF VIRAL PROTEINS -- IV. METHODS INVOLVING PROPERTIES OF THE VIRAL NUCLEIC ACID -- V. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Chapter 3. Isolation -- I. CHOICE OF PLANT MATERIAL -- II. EXTRACTION MEDIUM -- III. EXTRACTION PROCEDURE -- IV. PRELIMINARY ISOLATION OF THE VIRUS -- V. FURTHER PURIFICATION OF THE VIRUS PREPARATION -- VI. STORAGE OF PURIFIED VIRUSES -- VII. IDENTIFICATION OF THE INFECTIVE PARTICLES AND CRITERIA OF PURITY -- VIII. VIRUS CONCENTRATION IN PLANTS AND YIELDS OF PURIFIED VIRUS -- IX. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Chapter 4. Components -- I. NUCLEIC ACIDS -- II. PROTEINS -- III. OTHER COMPONENTS IN VIRUSES -- IV. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Chapter 5. Architecture -- I. METHODS -- II. PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF VIRUSES -- III. GEOMETRIC VIRUSES WITH ssRNA -- IV. GEOMETRIC VIRUSES WITH dsRNA -- V. GEOMETRIC VIRUSES WITH DNA -- VI. ENVELOPED VIRUSES -- VII. THE ARRANGEMENT OF NUCLEIC ACID WITHIN ICOSAHEDRAL VIRUSES -- VIII. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Chapter 6. Replication I: Introduction to the Study of Virus Replication -- I. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF PLANT VIRAL GENOMES -- II. HOST FUNCTIONS USED BY PLANT VIRUSES -- III. GENERALIZED OUTLINE FOR THE REPLICATION OF A SMALL ssRNA VIRUS -- IV. THE STRATEGIES OF PLANT VIRAL GENOMES -- V. METHODS FOR DETERMINING GENOME STRATEGY -- VI. THE REGULATION OF VIRUS PRODUCTION -- VII. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS FOR STUDYING REPLICATION IN VIVO. , VIII. ERRORS IN VIRUS SYNTHESIS -- IX. FUTURE STUDIES ON VIRUS REPLICATION -- Chapter 7. Replication II: Viruses with Single-Stranded Positive Sense RNA Genomes -- I. ONE STRATEGY: POLYPROTEIN -- II. ONE STRATEGY: SUBGENOMIC RNA -- III. TWO STRATEGIES: SUBGENOMIC RNAs PLUS READ-THROUGH PROTEIN -- IV. TWO STRATEGIES: SUBGENOMIC RNA AND POLYPROTEIN -- V. TWO STRATEGIES: MULTIPARTITE GENOME AND POLYPROTEIN -- VI. TWO STRATEGIES: SUBGENOMIC RNA AND MULTIPARTITE GENOME -- VII. THREE STRATEGIES: SUBGENOMIC RNAs, MULTIPARTITE GENOME, AND READ-THROUGH PROTEIN -- VIII. PEA ENATION MOSAIC VIRUS GROUP -- Chapter 8. Replication III: Other Virus Groups and Families -- I. CAULIMOVIRUS GROUP -- II. GEMINIVIRUS GROUP -- III. PLANT REOVIRIDAE -- IV. PLANT RHABDOVIRIDAE -- V. A PLANT MEMBER OF THE BUNYAVIRIDAE -- VI. POSSIBLE USES OF VIRUSES FOR GENE TRANSFER -- Chapter 9. Viroids, Satellite Viruses, and Satellite RNAs -- I. VIROIDS -- II. SATELLITE VIRUSES AND SATELLITE RNAs -- Chapter 10. Transmission, Movement, and Host Range -- I. DIRECT PASSAGE IN LIVING HIGHER PLANT MATERIAL -- II. TRANSMISSION BY ORGANISMS OTHER THAN HIGHER PLANTS -- III. MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION -- IV. MOVEMENT AND FINAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE PLANT -- V. THE HOST RANGE OF VIRUSES -- VI. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Chapter 11. Disease Symptoms and Effects on Metabolism -- I. MACROSCOPIC SYMPTOMS -- II. HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES -- III. CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS -- IV. EFFECTS ON PLANT METABOLISM -- Chapter 12. Induction of Disease -- I. THE KINDS OF HOST RESPONSE TO INOCULATION WITH A VIRUS -- II. TH E ROLE OF VIRAL GENES IN DISEASE INDUCTION -- III. HOST PROTEINS INDUCED BY VIRUS INFECTION -- IV. PROCESSES INVOLVED IN DISEASE INDUCTION -- V. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COURSE OF INFECTION AND DISEASE -- VI. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Chapter 13. Variability -- I. ISOLATION OF STRAINS. , II. THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF VARIATION -- III. CRITERIA FOR THE RECOGNITION OF STRAINS -- IV. VIRUS STRAINS IN THE PLANT -- V. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CRITERIA FOR CHARACTERIZING VIRUSES AND VIRUS STRAINS -- VI. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Chapter 14. Relationships between Plant Viruses and Invertebrates -- I. VECTOR GROUPS IN THE INVERTEBRATES -- II. NEMATODES (NEMATODA) -- III. APHIDS (APHIDIDAE) -- IV. LEAFHOPPERS AND PLANTHOPPERS (AUCHENORRHYNCHA) -- V. INSECTS WITH BITING MOUTHPARTS -- VI. OTHER VECTOR GROUP -- VII. POLLINATING INSECTS -- Chapter 15. Ecology -- I. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS -- II. PHYSICAL FACTORS -- III. SURVIVAL THROUGH THE SEASONAL CYCLE -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- Chapter 16. Economic Importance and Control -- I. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE -- II. CONTROL MEASURES -- III. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- Chapter 17. Nomenclature, Classification, Origins, and Evolution -- I. NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION -- II. CRITERIA AVAILABLE FOR CLASSIFYING VIRUSES -- III. SPECULATIONS ON ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION -- IV. EVOLUTION -- V. GENOME AND AMINO ACID SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN VIRUSES INFECTING PLANTS AND ANIMALS -- VI. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Appendix 1: Literature on Plant Virology -- Appendix 2: Standard Acronyms for Selected Plant Viruses and Viroids -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Mangoes: Their Botany, Nomenclature, Horticulture and Utilization -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of illustrations -- Chapter 1. The genus Mangifera -- Distribution -- Ecology -- Morphology -- Development -- Chapter 2. Phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy of the Anacardiaceae with special emphasis on Mangifera -- PHYTOCHEMISTRY -- Phenolics -- Terpenoids -- Mangifera -- Chapter 3. Conservation -- Chapter 4. A historical overview of the development of knowledge of Mangifera: progress and regress -- Chapter 5. Subdivision of the genus -- CHARACTER STATES, IN SEQUENCE OF CONSIDERED IMPORTANCE -- A. SUBGENUS MANGIFERA, STAT. NOV. -- B. SUBGENUS LIMUS (MARCHAND) KOSTERM., STAT. NOV. -- Chapter 6. The species -- A. SUBGENUS MANGIFERA -- B. SUBGENUS LIMUS (MARCHAND) KOSTERM. -- Chapter 7. Species of uncertain position -- 59. Mangifera acutigemma Kosterm., spec. nov. -- 60. Mangifera bompardii Kosterm., spec. nov. -- 61. Mangifera bullata Kosterm., spec. nov. -- 62. Mangifera campnospermoides Kosierm., spec. nov. -- 63. Mangifera hiemalis Liang Jian-Ying -- 64. Mangifera maingayi Hooker f -- 65. Mangifera persiciformis (persiciforma) Wu & -- Ming -- 66. Mangifera subsessilifolia Kosterm., spec. nov. -- 67. Mangifera taipa Bucb.-Hamilton -- 68. Mangifera transversalis Kosterm., spec. nov -- 69. Mangifera utana Buch.-Ham -- Chapter 8. Excluded species -- Chapter 9. Selected references -- INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES -- INDEX TO VERNACULAR NAMES -- Index to collection numbers.

Note: Front Page -- Renewable Energy: Technology and the Environment -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Related Topics -- Chapter 1. Integrated Resource Planning -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING (IRP) -- DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) -- SOCIAL COSTS OF ENERGY AND VALUE OF ENERGY SAVINGS -- EXTERNALITY COSTS FOR ELECTRICITY FROM FOSSIL FUELS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Electricity from Geothermal Energy: 88 Years of Production -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Wave Energy: Prospects and Prototypes -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- WAVE ENERGY AND WAVE POWER -- THE TECHNOLOGY -- FIXED DEVICES -- FLOATING DEVICES -- RESEARCH ACTIVITY AROUND THE WORLD -- JAPAN -- NORWAY -- UK -- CHINA -- KOREA -- INDIA -- DENMARK -- SWEDEN -- PORTUGAL -- EIRE -- USA -- ECONOMICS -- PROTOTYPES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. A New Power Base: Renewable Energy Policies for The Nineties and Beyond1 -- I. CONTEXT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY IN THE U.S. -- II. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- Chapter 5. Renewable Energy Technologies in Developing Countries: A New Approach for Successful Diffusion -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE MODEL -- NOVELTY, CONFIRMATION AND EVOLUTION -- SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM -- AN APPLICATION OF THE METHODOLOGY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Harnessing The Tax System to Benefit Alternative Energy -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- LEGISLATIVE PROCESS -- NEED TO USE APPLIED ECONOMISTS FOR FOLLOW-UP WORK -- ELIMINATION OF DESTRUCTIVE TAX PROVISIONS -- ROLE OF MICROECONOMICS -- NEGATIVE TAXES -- INITIATIVES TO ENCOURAGE ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES -- STEPS TO AVOID -- REFERENCES -- PAPER WITHDRAWN AT PRESS STAGE -- Chapter 7. Energy-Meteorology: A New Discipline? -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- Introduction -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 8. Development, Energy and Environment: A Long Term Prospective -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Solar Energy Education - An Important Part of Worldwide Solar Energy Activities -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION -- VOCATIONAL TRAINING -- UNIVERSITY COURSES -- EDUCATING DECISION MAKERS -- EDUCATING THE GENERAL PUBLIC -- MAKING SOLAR ENERGY UNDERSTANDABLE: EXPERIMENTS AND HANDS-ON EXPERIENCE -- INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION THROUGH IASEE -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Solar Energy - Educational Pathways -- Abstract, -- Key Words -- INTRODUCTION -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Renewable Energy Education in Developing Countries : Indian Scenario -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- OBJECTIVES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY EDUCATION -- CLASSIFICATION OF RENENAHLE ENERGY EDUCATION PROGRAMMES -- RELEVANT CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- DESIRABLE FEATURES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY EDUCATION PROGRAMMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- RENEWABLE ENERGY TEACHING/TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA -- IIT DELHI -- IIT BOMBAY -- IIT KHARAGPUR -- MADURAI KAMRAJ UNIVERSITY, MADURAI -- SCHOOL OF ENERGY STUDIES, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, DEVI AHILYA VISHWAVIDALAYA, INDORE (M.P) -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Solar Hydrogen - Why, Potential, When? -- STRATEGY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR HYDROGEN -- A PRESENT REALIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY: THE EURO-QUEBEC HYDRO-HYDROGEN PILOT PROJECT -- REFERENCE -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- WHY HYDROGEN? -- PRIMARY ENERGY -- ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS -- END USE -- COSTS -- ECONOMICS -- Chapter 13. The Wave Energy Potential and Programme of Norway -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE -- EARLY THEORETICAL ACHIEVEMENTS. , PHASE-CONTROLLED POINT ABSORBERS -- THE NORWAVE TAPCHAN ENERGY CONVERTER -- THE KVAERNER MULTIRESONANT OWC -- FUTURE PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Renewable Energy Programme of The Netherlands -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- PROGRAMS AT VARIOUS LEVELS -- SOLAR HEAT -- PHOTOVOLTAÏCS -- WIND ENERGY -- BIOMASS -- GEOTHERMAL ENERGY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Sky Brightness During Twilight. Model and Measurements -- 1 Abstract -- 2 Introduction -- 3 Modelling the twilight -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknoledgements -- References -- Chapter 16. Solar Instrumentation Used in Meteorology -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Major information for solar design -- 3. Solar instrumentation -- 4. Calibration and Maintenance -- 5. Time Interval -- 6. Precision and Accuracy of the instruments -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17. Monitoring Solar Insolation at Gaborone with A Device Which Incorporates A High Performance Solar Cell As A Detector -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experiaental Set UP -- Theoretical Basis -- Data and Data Analysis -- Results. Discussion and Future Plans -- References -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 18. A Model to Estimate Radiation on Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces for Malaysia -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL DATA -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. The Spectrum of the Solar Global Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces in Polluted and Pure Air Zones of Great Cairo -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- MEASUREMENTS -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. AIR POLLUTION MODIFICATION DUE TO ENERGY SUPPLY DIVERSIFICATION FOR MEXICO IN THE YEAR 2000 -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ENERGY SCENARIOS FOR THE YEAR 2000 -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 21. Directly Coupled Turbine-Induction Generator Systems for Low-Cost Micro-Hydro Power -- ABSTRACT -- KEY WORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- INDUCTION MOTORS AS GENERATORS -- MATCHING THE GENERATOR TO THE TURBINE -- PELTON WHEEL TURBINES -- PUMPS AS TURBINES -- FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Hydropower In China's Energy System -- Growing demand for electricity -- Fossil fuels -- Potential and distribution of hydropower resources -- Tidal energy -- Administration - long-term perspectives lacking In planning and plan Implementation -- The future of hydropower In China -- The Sanxla power plant (Three Gorges) -- Chapter 23. The Utilisation of Genetic Algorithm for the Optimal Design of a Pneumatic Hydro-Power Device -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- THE DEVICE -- PARAMETRIC TESTING -- THE GENETIC ALGORITHM -- METHODOLOGY -- OTHER ENERGY-RELATED APPLICATIONS -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Field Experiments of a Wave Power Converter with Caisson Breakwater -- ABSTRACT -- Introduction -- Outline of the breakwater to generate electric power from wave power -- Summary of field experiments -- Power operation -- Utilization of wave power generation technology -- Acknowledgement -- REFEERENNCES -- Chapter 25. Tidal Energy Potential Along Indian Coast -- ABSTRACT -- KEY WORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Towards a Prototype Floating Circular Clam Wave Energy Converter -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CLAM -- THE MEMBRANE -- THE WELLS TURBINE -- STRUCTURAL DESIGN -- MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FROM WAVE TO WIRE -- FUTURE DEVELOPMENT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 27. Solar Energy Applications in Botswana Gaborone, -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- SOLAR RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MEASUREMENT -- SOLAR THERMAL APPLICATIONS. , PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS -- SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 28. Solar Energy in Botswana-The Importance of Correct Practices in the Adoption of New Technologies -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- BOTSWANA -- EXPERIENCE WITH SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES IN BOTSWANA -- ACTIONS TAKEN TO FACILITATE THE INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29. Technical Potentials of Renewable Energies at the Example of a Bundesland in the Federal Republic of Germany -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Renewable Energies for the Electricity Production -- 3 Renewable Energies for Heat Production -- 4 Comparison of the Total Potential -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Literature -- Chapter 30. Solar Energy in Cyprus: Facts and Prospects -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROFILE -- 3. SOLAR WATER HEATING -- 4. Solar Space Heating -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 31. Sustainable Development in Indonesia : A Renewable Energy Perspective -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- GEOGRAPHICALLY AND GEOLOGICALLY -- ENERGY DEMAND -- RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. The Renewable Energies In Tunisia -- ABSTRACT -- TUNISIA CHARACTERISTICS -- RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY IN TUNISIA -- THE ACHIEVED PROGRAMS -- Chapter 33. Air Pollution Modification due to Energy Supply Diversification for Mexico in the Year 2000 -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ENERGY SCENARIOS FOR THE YEAR 2000 -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 34. Will Hydrogen be a Major Fuel of the 21st Century -- Chapter 35. Hydrogen Production by Steam Gasification of Coal in a Moving Bed Using Nuclear Heat -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER EQUATIONS -- BEHAVIOUR OF THE MODEL -- REACTOR PERFORMANCE -- CONCLUSION -- NOMENCLATURE -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 36. Evolution of Hydrogen From Water Over Zeolites.

Note: Front Cover -- Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- General Preface -- Preface -- Contents of Previous Volumes -- Chapter 1. Rationale for the Scale-Up and Automation of Plant Propagation -- Text -- References -- Chapter 2. Current Methods of Commercial Micropropagation -- I. Introduction -- II. Current Production Systems -- III. Production Cost Components -- IV. Development of Cost-Effective Production Systems -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Synthetic Seed Technology -- I. Introduction -- II. Uncoated, Desiccated Synthetic Seeds -- III. Coated, Desiccated Synthetic Seeds -- IV. Coated, Hydrated Synthetic Seeds -- V. Uncoated, Hydrated Synthetic Seeds (Fluid Drilling) -- VI. Maturation of Somatic Embryos -- VII. Problems with Synthetic Seeds -- VIII. Applications -- IX. Mechanization -- X. Economie Considerations -- XI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Development of an Embryogenie System for Automated Propagation of Forest Trees -- I. Introduction -- II. Development of an Embryogenie System -- III. Plantlet Regeneration and Establishment -- IV. Cryopreservation -- V. Culture Scale-Up -- VI. Delivery Systems -- VII. Singulation and Selection of Embryos -- VIII. Field Testing and Implementation -- IX. Genetic Diversity -- References -- Chapter 5. Automated Propagation of Microtubers of Potato -- I. Introduction -- II. Factors To Be Considered in Microtuber Bioreactor Design -- III. A Novel Microtuber Bioreactor -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. Automated Propagation of Microbulbs of Lilies -- I. Introduction -- II. Regulation of in Vitro Differentiation and Growth in Lilium for Large-Scale Propagation -- III. Automated Propagation of Microbulbs from Bulbscales Using Bioreactor Techniques. , IV. Micropropagation from Bulbscales of Microbulbs in Nonsterile Conditions -- V. Micropropagation from Suspension-Cultured Cells -- VI. Robotics in Lilium Micropropagation -- VII. Automated Process for Transplantation of Lilium Microbulbs into Soil -- VIII. Idealized Automated Micropropagation Processes for Lilium in the Future-Problems and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 7. Problems and Perspectives for the Automated Propagation of Fruit Trees -- I. Introduction -- II. Technological Aspects Related to Automation -- III. Approaches to Automation of Fruit Tree Micropropagation -- IV. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8. Bioreactors and Image Analysis for Scale-Up and Plant Propagation -- I. Introduction -- II. Image Analysis -- III. Refining the Imaging Software -- IV. Embryo Concentration Assessment -- V. Bioreactor Operation -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9. Automated Evaluation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Sweet Potato by Machine Vision -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- III. System Description and Operation -- IV. Image Analysis -- V. The Measurement Process -- VI. Verification of the Inspection System -- VII. On-Line Analysis -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Control of Contamination in Automated Plant Protopagation -- I. Introduction -- II. Origin and Nature of Contamination in Micropropagation -- III. Identification of Contaminants -- IV. Control of Contamination -- V. Monitoring and Control of Contamination during Automated Production -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11. Controlled Environments in Conventional and Automated Micropropagation -- I. Introduction -- II. Environmental Factors in Culture -- III. Measurement and Control of the Environment -- IV. Environmental Effect on Photosynthetic Growth and Development. , V. Advantages of Photoautotrophic Micropropagation -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12. The Use of Robotics in Automated Plant Propagation -- I. Introduction -- II. Plantlet Production Through Tissue Culture -- III. Necessity of Robots and Required Functions -- IV. Development of the Prototype Robot System -- V. Second Generation Robot -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13. The Use of Automated Field Transplanters in Plant Propagation -- I. Introduction -- II. Review -- III. Analysis -- IV. Projections -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Front Cover -- Vacuum Technology and Applications -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 General -- 1.2 The gaseous state -- 1.3 Gas flow -- 1.4 Vacuum system characteristics -- References -- Chapter 2. Vacuum pumps (rough-medium range) -- 2.1 General introduction -- 2.2 Rotary pumps -- 2.3 Roots vacuum pumps -- 2.4 Dry vacuum pumps -- References -- Chapter 3. Vacuum pumps (high-ultra-high range) -- 3·1 General introduction -- 3.2 Gas transfer pumps -- 3.3 Entrapment pumps -- References -- Chapter 4. Pressure measurement -- 4.1 Total pressure measurement -- 4.2 Partial pressure measurement -- References -- Chapter 5. Leak detection -- 5.1 Introduction and principles -- 5.2 Halogen leak detector -- 5.3 Helium-specific mass spectrometer leak detector -- 5.4 Calibrated leaks -- 5.5 Practical aspects of leak detection on vacuum plants -- References -- Chapter 6. Vacuum system construction -- 6.1 Materials and fabrication -- 6.2 Components -- References -- Chapter 7. Applications -- 7.1 Deposition of thin Alms -- 7.2 Vacuum technology in the semiconductor industry -- 7.3 Vacuum technology in metallurgical processes -- 7.4 Vacuum technology in the chemical industry -- References -- Chapter 8. Appendix: units, conversion factors and other data -- 8.1 Units of pressure -- 8.2 Amount of substance -- 8.3 PNEUROP specifications for the characterization of vacuum pumps -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Reservoir Characterization II -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Session 1: Microscopic -- CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN POROUS MEDIA -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. CONSTRUCTION OF THE MODEL -- III. FRACTAL BEHAVIOUR -- IV. APPLICATION TO PORE-SPACE FLUID DYNAMICS -- V. SECTIONING THE MODEL -- VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. A DUAL-POROSITY, SURFACE, AND MATRIX ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION MODEL FOR LOWCONTRAST RESISTIVITY SANDSTONE FORMATIONS -- I. ABSTRACT -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A LARGE CLASS OF LOW-CONTRAST RESISTIVITY (LCR) SANDSTONES -- IV. CONCEPT OF A DUAL-POROSITY, SURFACE, AND MATRIX (DPSM) ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION MODEL -- V. MATHEMATICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DPSM -- VI. THEORETICAL RESISTIVITY INDICES -- VII. DPSM ANALYSIS OF CORE RESISTIVITY DATA -- VIII. CONCLUSIONS -- NOMENCLATURE -- ACKNOWLEGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. THE INFLUENCE OF SMALL-SCALE HETEROGENEITY ON AVERAGE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. JUSTIFICATION FOR STEADY-STATE ASSUMPTION -- III. LIMITATIONS OF THE DYNAMIC APPROACH -- IV. FEATURES OF A STEADY-STATE SYSTEM -- V. CAPILLARY EQUILIBRIUM APPROXIMATION -- VI. NEGLIGIBLE CAPILLARY PRESSURE -- VII. CALCULATION OF AVERAGE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY -- VIII. CORRELATION OF PERMEABILITY AND CAPILLARY PRESSURE -- IX. NUMERICAL METHOD -- X. ANALYTIC CALCULATION OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY -- XI. EFFECT OF SYSTEM SIZE -- XII. RATE DEPENDENCY AND THE EFFECT OF VISCOUS PRESSURE -- XIII. NEED FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS -- XIV. DIRECTIONAL EFFECTS -- XV. DIFFERENT ROCK CURVES -- XVI. EXPENSE OF CALCULATION -- XVII. SUMMARY OF POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE -- XVIII. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 4. CORE SAMPLE HETEROGENEITY FROM LABORATORY FLOW EXPERIMENTS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -- III. POROSITY DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS -- IV. CALCULATIONS OF PERMEABILITY -- V. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY IN ANTOLINI SANDSTONE -- VI. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF PERMEABILITY -- VII. THE EFFECT OF DISPERSION -- VIII. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. QUANTIFYING SATURATION DISTRIBUTION AND CAPILLARY PRESSURES USING CENTRIFUGE AND COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY -- 1. ABSTRACT -- 2. INTRODUCTION -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Session 2: Mesoscopic -- CHAPTER 6. RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AT THE MESOSCOPIC SCALE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CENTRAL ROLE OF DOWNHOLE MEASUREMENTS -- 3. PARAMETRIC DESCRIPTION -- 4. CHARACTERISTIC ALGORITHMS -- 5. INTEGRATION OF SCALES -- 6. THE FUTURE -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 9. NOMENCLATURE -- 10. REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. PERMEABILITY VARIATIONS IN SANDSTONES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND MATERIALS -- III. RESULTS -- IV. DISCUSSION -- V. CONCLUSIONS -- VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- VII. REFERENCES -- VI. APPENDIX -- CHAPTER 8. GENERATION OF EFFECTIVE RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES FROM DETAILED SIMULATION OF FLOW IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHOD -- 3. PERMEABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS -- 4. RESULTS -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. CHARACTERIZING SHALE CLAST HETEROGENEITIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON FLUID FLOW -- I. ABSTRACT -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. CASE STUDY -- IV. SCALES OF HETEROGENEITY -- V. SHALE CLAST GEOMETRY -- VI. CHARACTERIZING SHALE CLAST LAYERS -- VII. CHARACTERIZING SHALE CLAST ZONES. , VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. ANALYSIS OF UPSCALING AND EFFECTIVE PROPERTIES IN DISORDERED MEDIA -- Abstract -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ON THE DEFINITION OF SCALES -- III. EFFECTIVE PROPERTIES -- IV. MULTINORMAL PARAMETRIC STOCHASTIC APPROACH TO UPSCALING -- V. A STOCHASTIC NON-PARAMETRIC APPROACH TO UPSCALING -- VI. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11. ROCK VOLUMES: CONSIDERATIONS FOR RELATING WELL LOG AND CORE DATA -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SCALE -- III. VOLUMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS -- IV. HAZARDOUS GEOSTATISTICAL CONCEPTS -- V. EXAMPLES -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12. THE DERIVATION OF PERMEABILITY-POROSITY TRANSFORMS FOR THE Η.Ο. ΜΑΗΟΝΕΥ LEASE, WASSON FIELD, YOAKUM COUNTY, TEXAS -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GENERAL FIELD INFORMATION -- III. GEOLOGIC SETTING -- IV. METHODOLOGY -- V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. A Discussion of Douglas E. Craig's "The Derivation of Permeability-Porosity Transforms for the H.O. Mahoney Lease, Wasson Field, Yoakum County, Texas -- References -- CHAPTER 14. PERMEABILITY PATTERNS IN SOME FLUVIAL SANDSTONES. AN OUTCROP STUDY FROM YORKSHIRE, NORTH EAST ENGLAND -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOLOGICAL SETTING -- 3. FIELDWORK AND ANALYTICAL METHODS -- 4. CORE PLUG ANALYSES -- 5. ANALYSES AND RESULTS -- 6. COMPARISON OF CORE PLUG DATA WITH FIELD MEASUREMENTS -- 7. DIAGENESIS AND MINERALOGY -- 8. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Session 3: Macroscopic -- CHAPTER 15. RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT USING 3-D SEISMIC DATA -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DEFINITION OF RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT -- III. TYPES OF 3-D SEISMIC ANALYSES -- IV. HISTORY AND FUTURE OF 3-D SEISMIC SURVEYING -- V. Summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 16. STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF INTER WELL-SCALE HETEROGENEITY FOR IMPROVED PREDICTION OF SWEEP EFFICIENCY IN A CARBONATE RESERVOIR -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SKETCH OF DUNE FIELD RESERVOIR GEOLOGY -- III. METHODS -- IV. STOCHASTIC MODELING OF HETEROGENEITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON INFILL DRILLING PERFORMANCE -- V. DISCUSSION -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX: STOCHASTIC SIMULATION ALGORITHM -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. MAXIMUM ENTROPY LTIHO-PORDSITY VOLUME FRACTION PREDICTIONS FROM Vp/Vs RATIO MEASUREMENTS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. BOREHOLE AND SURFACE SEISMIC DATA ANALYSIS -- III. ΔTs/ΔΤρ RATIO MEASUREMENTS -- IV. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18. SCALING LAWS IN RESERVOIR SIMULATION AND THEIR USE IN A HYBRID FINITE DIFFERENCE/STREAMTUBE APPROACH TO SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF PERMEABILITY HETEROGENEITY -- I. ABSTRACT -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. SCALING LAWS IN MULTIPHASE DISPLACEMENT PROCESSE -- IV. THE IMPACT OF PERMEABILITY HETEROGENEITY ON SCALING IN MULTIPHASE FLOWS -- V. STREAMTUBE DISPLACEMENT CALCULATIONS -- VI. PSEUDOFUNCTION SCALE-UP -- VII. COMPARISON OF METHODS -- VIII. CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- NOMENCLATURE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19. INTERWELL GEOLOGY FROM GEOPHYSICAL DATA -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. COMPOSITIONAL PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS -- III. LITHOLOGY VELOCITIES -- IV. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CONDITIONAL PROCESSING -- V. MULTILITHOLOGIC CONDITIONEDS EISMIC VELOCITY INTERPRETATION -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20. CROSS-WELL SEISMOLOGY-A TOOL FOR RESERVOIR GEOPHYSICS -- I. BACKGROUND -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. MODELING OF CROSS-WELL TRAVEL TIMES -- IV. TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF AN EOR APPLICATION FOR HEAVY OIL -- V. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Session 4: Workshop/Discussions. , CHAPTER 21. SECOND INTERNATIONAL RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION CONFERENCE -- DISCUSSION GROUP #1 -- DISCUSSION GROUP #2 -- DISCUSSION GROUP #3 -- DISCUSSION GROUP #4 -- DISCUSSION GROUP #5 -- Session 5: Megascopic -- CHAPTER 22. FIELD-SCALE RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION -- ABSTRACT -- CHAPTER 23. EXAMPLES OF RESERVOIR SIMULATION STUDIES UTILIZING GEOSTATISTICAL MODELS OF RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY -- I. ABSTRACT -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. METHODOLOGY -- IV. CASE HISTORIES -- V. SOME ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROXIMATIONS -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 24. CONSTRUCTION OF A RESERVOIR MODEL BY INTEGRATING GEOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION - BELL CREEK FIELD, A BARRIER/STRANDPLAIN RESERVOIR -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GEOLOGICAL MODEL -- III. PERMEABILITY LAYER MODEL -- IV. FLOW UNIT MODEL -- V. MODEL ELEMENTS AND GUIDELINES FOR FIELD DEVELOPMENT -- VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. LITHOLOGY PREDICTION FROM SEISMIC DATA, A MONTE-CARLO APPROACH -- I. SUMMARY -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION OF SAND/SHALE SEQUENCES -- IV. A CASE STUDY OF A CHANNEL-SAND RESERVOIR -- V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 26. INFLUENCE OF LITHOLOGY AND GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE ON IN SITU STRESS: EXAMPLES OF STRESS HETEROGENEITY IN RESERVOIRS -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING IN SITU STRESS AT DEPTH -- III. DISTRIBUTION OF IN SITU STRESS AT DEPTH -- IV. SUMMARY -- V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- VI. REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 27. FRACTAL HETEROGENEITY OF CLASTIC RESERVOIRS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CONCEPT OF FRACTALS -- STRATIGRAPHIC AND DEPOSITIONAL SETTING -- MATERIAL AND METHOD -- MEASUREMENT AND THE PROBLEM OF SUBJECTIVITY -- AVERAGING AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF ERROR -- RESULTS -- TESTS OF SELF-SIMILARITY -- R/S-ANALYSIS OF A SEQUENCE SAMPLE. , LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK OR WHITE REGIONS.

Note: Front Cover -- Limit Analysis in Soil Mechanics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 A short historical review of soil plasticity -- 1.3 Idealized stress-strain relations for soil -- 1.4 Limit analysis for collapse load -- 1.5 Finite-element analysis for progressive failure behavior of soil mass -- Chapter 2. BASIC CONCEPTS OF LIMIT ANALYSIS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Index notation -- 2.3 The perfectly plastic assumption and yield criterion -- 2.4 The kinematic assumption on soil deformations and flow rule -- 2.5 The stability postulate of Drucker -- 2.6 Restrictions imposed by Drucker's stability postulate - convexity and normality -- 2.7 The assumption of small change in geometry and the equation of virual work -- 2.8 Theorems of limit analysis -- 2.9 Limit theorems for materials with non-associated flow rules -- 2.10 The upper-bound method -- 2.11 The lower-bound method -- References -- Chapter 3. VALIDITY OF LIMIT ANALYSIS IN APPLICATION TO SOILS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Soil - a multiphase material -- 3.3 Mechanical behaviour of soils -- 3.4 Soil failure surfaces -- 3.5 Validity of limit analysis in application to soils -- 3.6 Friction-dalatation and related energy in cohesionless soils -- 3.7 Effect of friction on the applicability of limit analysis to soils -- 3.8 Some aspects of retaining wall problems and the associated phenomena at failure -- References -- Chapter 4. LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE PROBLEMS -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Failure mechanism -- 4.3 Energy dissipation -- 4.4 Passive earth pressure analysis -- 4.5 Active earth pressure analysis -- 4.6 Comparisons and discussions -- 4.7 Some practical aspects -- References -- Chapter 5. RIGID RETAINING WALLS SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE FORCES -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General considerations. , 5.3 Seismic passive earth pressure analysis -- 5.4 Seismic active earth pressure analysis -- 5.5 Numerical results and discussions -- 5.6 Earth pressure tables for practical use -- References -- Appendix A: Seismic earth pressure tables for KA and KP -- Appendix B: Earth pressure tables for NAc and NPc -- Chapter 6. SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN OF RIGID RETAINING STRUCTURES -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theoretical considerations of the modified Dubrova method -- 6.3 Some numerical results and discussions of the modified Dubrova method -- 6.4 Evaluation of the modified Dubrova method -- 6.5 Effects of wall movement on lateral earth pressures -- 6.6 Earth pressure theories for design applications in seismic environments -- 6.7 Design recommendations -- References -- Chapter 7. BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP FOOTING ON ANISOTROPIC AND NONHOMOGENEOUS SOILS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Analysis -- 7.3 Results and discussions -- References -- Chapter 8. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SLOPE FAILURE AND LANDSLIDES -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Failure surface -- 8.3 Determination of the critical height for seismic stability -- 8.4 Special spiral-slope configurations -- 8.5 Calculated results and discussions -- 8.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 9. SEISMIC STABILITY OF SLOPES IN NONHOMOGENEOUS, ANISOTROPIC SOILS AND GENERAL DISCUSSIONS -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Log-spiral failure mechanism for a nonhomogeneous and anisotropic slope -- 9.3 Numerical results and discussions -- 9.4 Mechanics of earthquake-induced slope failure -- References -- Chapter 10. ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC DISPLACEMENT OF SLOPES -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Failure mechanisms and yield acceleration -- 10.3 Assessment of seismic displacement of slopes -- 10.4 Summary -- References -- Appendix 1: Plane failure surface -- Appendix 2: Logspiral failure surface. , Appendix 3: Limit analysis during earthquake -- Chapter 11. STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SLOPES WITH GENERALIZED FAILURE CRITERION -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Variational approach in limit analysis and the combined method -- 11.3 Stability analysis of slopes -- 11.4 Layered analysis of embankments -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- Subject index -- Author index.

Note: Front Cover -- Analytical Biotechnology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Monitoring and control of recombinantprotein production -- References -- Chapter 2. Rapid and quantitative analysis of bioprocesses using pyrolysis mass spectrometry and neural networks:application to indole production -- Note added in proof -- References -- Chapter 3. Characterization of a sampling unit based on tangential flow filtration for on-line bioprocess monitoring -- References -- Chapter 4. Automated monitoring of biotechnological processes using on-line ultrafiltration and column liquid chromatography -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 5. On-line monitoring of penicillin V during penicillin fermentations: a comparison of two different methodsbased on flow-injection analysis -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 6. Development of an on-line method for the monitoring of vicinal diketones and their precursors in beer fermentation -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- References -- Chapter 7. Monitoring of fermentation by infrared spectrometry Alcoholic and lactic fermentations -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION AND PERSPECTIVES -- References -- Chapter 8. Chromatographie analysis of biopolymers distributionin "poly-hemoglobin", an intermolecularly crosslinked hemoglobin solution -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- References -- Applications of HY-APATITE in liquid chromatography -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 9. In situ thermal monitoring of adsorption column performance -- EXPERIMENTAL RIG -- MATERIALS -- METHODS -- THEORY -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- LIST OF SYMBOLS -- References -- Chapter 10. Retention characteristics of a β-cyclodextrin polymer-coated liquid Chromatographie column -- EXPERIMENTAL -- References. , Chapter 11. Application of multivariate mathematical-statistical methods for the comparison of the retention behaviour of porous graphitized carbon and octadecylsilica columns -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 12. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography of proteoglycans extracted from bovine articular cartilage -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 13. Catalytic antibodies: new developments -- STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODIES -- CATALYSIS BY ANTIBODIES -- NEW DEVELOPMENTS -- POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF CATALYTIC ANTI-BODIES -- References -- Chapter 14. Measurements of nitric oxide in biological materials using a porphyrinic microsenso -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 15. Reusable fiber-optic-based immunosensor for rapid detection of imazethapyr herbicide -- EXPERIMENTAL AND RESULTS -- References -- Chapter 16. Biosensor monitoring of blood lactateduring open-heart surgery -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 17. Introduction to the dielectric estimation of cellular biomass in real time, with special emphasison measurements at high volume fractions -- References -- Chapter 18. Application of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for the analysis of biologically active compounds -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 19. Spectral analysis of interactions between proteins and dye ligands -- THEORY -- MATERIALS -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- LIST OF SYMBOLS -- References -- Chapter 20. Oxyheamoglobin degradation and radiolysis analysed by Mössbauer and positron annihilation techniques -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 21. Preservation of shelf life of enzyme based analytical systems using a combination of sugars, sugar alcoholsand cationic polymers or zinc ions. , EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- Chapter 22. Colloidal carbon particles as a new label for rapid immunochemical test methods: Quantitative computer image analysis of results -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- References -- AUTHOR INDEX.

Note: Front Cover -- Solid State Ionics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Symposium Information -- Part I: Applications -- Chapter 1. Development and Status of Sodium Sulfur Batteries -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2 . SECONDARY BATTERIES -- 3. SODIUM BATTERIES WITH BETA-ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE -- 4 . ISSUES OF THE SODIUM SULFUR BATTERY -- 5. STATUS OF THE SODIUM SULFUR BATTERY -- 6· CONCLUSIONS -- 7. REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Oxygen Ion Conductors and Their Technological Applications. -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES -- 3.1. OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN FLUORITE AND FLUORITE RELATED SYSTEMS -- 4. OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN PEROVSKITE AND PEROVSKITE RELATED OXIDES -- 5. MISCELLANEOUS OXYGEN ION CONDUCTORS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 8. REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Solid State Electrochemical Sensors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CONVENTIONAL (TYPE I) SENSORS -- 3. SENSORS BASED ON THE EQUILIBRATION WITH THE IMMOBILE COMPONENT OF SOLID ELECTROLYTES (TYPE II) -- 4. SURFACE MODIFIED ELECTROLYTE SENSORS (TYPE III) -- 5. CROSS SENSITIVITIES -- 6. LIMITING CURRENT SENSORS -- 7. COMBINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC PARAMETERS -- 8. OUTLOOK -- 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- 10. REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. On the behavior of intercalation compounds in solid state batteries -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4, CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Properties of disordered MoS2 as cathode material in lithium electrochemical cells -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgement -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Preferred orientation of layered manganese dioxides prepared via a sol-gel process and its effect on the electrochemical lithium insertion into birnessite -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION. , 2. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGANESE BIRNESSITE DIOXIDE -- 3. ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIUM INSERTION INTO BIRNESSITE -- 4. REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. The application of Na+-β/β"-alumina solid electrolytes for carbon dioxide chemical sensors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgement -- Chapter 8. Cycling performances lithium batteries -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Part II: New Materials -- Chapter 9. OXIDE-ION ELECTROLYTES -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. QUALITY CRITERIA -- 3. STRATEGIES -- 4. OTHER Ba-In OXIDES -- 5. OXIDES BASED ON Bi4V2O11 -- 6. CONCLUSION -- 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- 8. REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Preparation of new Glasses with High Ionic Conductivities -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. C u+ ION CONDUCTING GLASSES -- 3. COMPARISON OF CONDUCTIVITY BETWEEN GLASS AND CRYSTAL -- 4. NEW ROUTE FOR AMORPHOUS SOLIDS WITH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY -- 5. SUMMARY -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. A new Bi compound Sr3BiO55 Synthesis and physical properties investigations -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. New iron substituted nickel oxyhydroxides -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3. GENERAL DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Influence of the O,F distribution on the electrical properties of the Bi1-xPbx O1.5-xFx SolidSolution -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Super-conducting glass in the system Na2O-ZrO2-SiO2-P2O5 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References. , Chapter 15. Thin film of Ag+ highly conducting glasses -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THIN FILM PREPARATION -- 3. IONIC CONDUCTIVITY -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Part III: Insertion Compounds -- Chapter 16. The Effect of Cobalt on the Chemical and Electro-Chemical Behavior of the Nickel Hydroxide Electrode -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY -- 3. CHEMICAL CYCLING -- 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -- 5. ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR -- 6. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgements -- 7. REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. IN SITU X-RAY ABSORPTION STUDY OF MODIFICATIONS IN V2O5 INDUCED BY THE ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION OF LITHIUM -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental section -- X-ray absorption : data processing -- Results of the ex situ study -- Results of the in situ study -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 18. RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE MANGANESE DIOXIDE BATTERIES, II: IN SITU X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF THE H+/γ-MnO2 (CMD type) SYSTEM. -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTS -- 3. RESULTS -- 4. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 19. DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN AND MOBILE TEMPERATURE-ELECTRIC DOMAIN IN YBa2Cu3O7-x CERAMICS AND ITS ANALOGUES -- 1 . INTRODUCTION -- 2 . EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- 3 . SUMMING UP THE DATA AND MODEL OF TED -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Computer Modelling of Dopant Substitution in YBa2Cu3O7 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SIMULATION METHODS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Optical transport spectroscopy in Li intercalated TiS2 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Optical and electrical properties of tin chalcogenide compounds -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL. , 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Temperature dependence of phonon spectrum of GaSe and InSe single crystals -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Far-infrared studies of the intermediate phases in In2Se3 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE In2Se3 PHASES -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- 4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSION -- 7. REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. Electrical properties of lithium intercalated InSe crystal -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Ionic transport in LixNiPS3 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgement -- 5. REFERENCES -- Part IV: Transport -- Chapter 27. High conductivity solid electrolytes in the crystalline state at room temperature -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CATION CONDUCTORS -- 3. ANION CONDUCTORS -- 4. SUMMARY -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 28. Defect Processes and Migration Mechanisms in Solid State Ionics -- Abstract -- 1 . INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEFECTS AND FAST ION CONDUCTION -- 3 . DEFECTS AND SUPERCONDUCTING OXIDES -- 4. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29. Photoacoustic study of ionic conductors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PA EXPERIMENTAL SETUP -- 3. INFLUENCE OF FREE IONS HOPPING -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 30. TiO2 doped Na-β"-alumina -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4 . CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 31. Alkali content dependence of the ionic conductivity of oxide glasses -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOLVATION MODEL. , 3. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. Low temperature ion conductivitity of a solid oxide electrolyte: the role of electrode polarization -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. VOLTAGE DROP MEASUREMENTS -- 3. MODEL DESCRIPTION -- 4. IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 33. Wetting Experiments on Al2O3 Surfaces and the Adsorption Model for Heterogeneous Electrolytes -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. SUMMARY -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 34. The effect of the temperature on metallic sodium precipitation in β"- alumina by the sodium immersion -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2 . EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- 3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 4 . CONCLUSIONS -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 35. Lanthanide ions exchanged aluminogallates with β alumina structure -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SYNTHESIS : CRYSTAL GROWTH AND IONIC EXCHANGE -- 3. STRUCTURAL REFINEMENTS -- 4. ESR STUDY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Na-Nd β ALUMINOGALLATE (y = 0.3) -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 36. Hopping conductivity in NiO thin films -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgement -- References: -- Chapter 37. Heat diffusivity measurement in ionic conductors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES. -- Part V: Structure -- Chapter 38. Silver and Copper Fast-Ion Conductors with Simple Anion Packings: Cation Distributions, Bonding, and Transport Behavior -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE Ag+ AND Cu+ HALIDES AND CHALCOGENIDES -- 3. SINGLE-CRYSTALS, ANHARMONICITY, AND NEUTRONS -- 4. RESULTS FOR BODY-CENTERED CUBIC PHASES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION -- 5. CATION DISTRIBUTIONS EST HCP AND FCC ANION ARRAYS. , 6. WHY SILVER AND COPPER?.