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  • 1
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    Effect of varying flow regimes upon elution behaviour and apparent molecular characteristics and hydrodynamic properties of amylopectin isolated from normal corn starch using Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Chromatography A, Available online 19 November 2011 Shazia Juna, Anton Huber A detailed study of the elution behaviour, apparent molecular characteristics and hydrodynamic properties of amylopectin-type fraction (isolated from normal corn starch) in aqueous media employing asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) was undertaken by systematically varying the channel flow (Fch), cross flow (Fcr) and Fcr/Fchratios. Distributions of apparent molar masses and radii of gyration, mass recoveries and hydrodynamic radii decreased as a function of increasing Fcrat a fixed Fch, due to the increase in the retention of amylopectin-type fraction in the AF4 channel. Increased retention of the amylopectin-type fraction in the AF4 channel was also observed at low Fchand high Fcr/Fchratios. Large amylopectin-type molecules/particles (possibly aggregates) eluted at high Fch, low Fcrand low Fcr/Fchratios. Highlights ► Elution behaviour of amylopectin (normal corn) using AF4. ► Influence of cross flow rates upon retention of amylopectin ► Effect of flow rates on the aggregation and hydrodynamic properties of amylopectin
    Print ISSN: 0021-9673
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3778
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
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    Purification of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 by Multiple Dual Mode Countercurrent Chromatography (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Chromatography A, Available online 19 November 2011 Nazim Mekaoui, Joseph Chamieh, Vincent Dugas, Claire Demesmay, Alain Berthod Commercial samples of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G 250 (CBB) were not pure enough to give reliable results when used as indicator of amine content in biological material. The polar and apolar impurities produce unacceptable biases in the results. Counter current chromatography (CCC) was used to purify significant amounts of CBB. The liquid system heptane/1-butanol/water 2:3:4 v/v was appropriate to separate crude CBB in three groups of components: polar, partitioning in the aqueous lower phase, intermediate, partitioning well between the aqueous and organic phases, and apolar, preferring greatly the organic phase. The dual-mode way of using a CCC chromatograph was found appropriate for the separation injecting the crude CBB in the middle of a two coil CCC instrument. A multi dual-mode purification was performed allowing to eliminate the polar impurities in the aqueous phase at the column tail and the apolar ones in the organic phase at the column head, trapping the purified dye inside the CCC column. 200 mg of purified CBB were obtained from 1 g of crude CBB in 3 hours using as little as 150 mL of butanol and 70 mL of heptane with 200 mL of water. The purified CBB gave total satisfaction in testing amine content in polyclonal antibody containing monolith pipettes.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9673
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3778
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
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    Batch and column study: Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants from water and cosolvent systems by Amberlite XAD resins (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Available online 19 November 2011 Feng Xiao, Kerry Jade Davidsavor, Sangyoo Park, Michio Nakayama, Brian Ray Phillips Amberlite XAD resins have been employed to a great extent as the sorbent for removing or concentrating organic compounds from different matrices. We present for the first time a systematic study on the sorption of perfluorochemical (PFC) surfactants, an emerging class of environmental contaminants, by XAD-7HP (moderately polar) and XAD-2 (nonpolar). The results show that XAD-7HP can strongly sorb PFCs at circumneutral pH; the isotherm-determined linear sorption coefficient can reach 10L/kg. On the other hand, the sorption coefficient for XAD-2 was two orders of magnitude lower than that for XAD-7HP. PFC sorption on XAD-7HP increased with an increase of the perfluorocarbon chain length of PFC and a decrease of the solution pH, indicating the importance of hydrophobic and electrostatic effects. The sorption coefficient for XAD-7HP reduced greatly with increasing fraction of the organic cosolvent (methanol) in the water–cosolvent mixture; however, the trend could not be predicted by a log-linear cosolvency model. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of column test results showed that after regeneration XAD-7HP can be used at least eight times without significant loss of performance. Finally, the experimental results imply that XAD-7HP sorption of shorter-chained PFCs (⩽5 perfluorinated carbons) from water can be thermodynamically favorable. Graphical abstract log Kd versus the number of perfluorocarbons in PFCs (sorbent: XAD-7HP). Highlights ► Sorption of five long-chain PFCs by XAD-7HP and XAD-2 was investigated. ► XAD-7HP performance was compared with other resins reported in previous studies. ► XAD-7 HP is an excellent sorbent for concentrating or removing PFCs.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9797
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 4
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    Adjoint algorithms for the Navier–Stokes equations in the Low Mach Number limit (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Computational Physics, Available online 19 November 2011 Gary J. Chandler, Matthew P. Juniper, Joseph W. Nichols, Peter J. Schmid This paper describes a derivation of the adjoint low Mach number equations and their implementation and validation within a global mode solver. The advantage of using the low Mach number equations and their adjoints is that they are appropriate for flows with variable density, such as flames, but do not require resolution of acoustic waves. Two versions of the adjoint are implemented and assessed: a discrete-adjoint and a continuous-adjoint. The most unstable global mode calculated with the discrete-adjoint has exactly the same eigenvalue as the corresponding direct global mode but contains numerical artifacts near the inlet. The most unstable global mode calculated with the continuous-adjoint has no numerical artifacts but a slightly different eigenvalue. The eigenvalues converge, however, as the timestep reduces. Apart from the numerical artifacts, the mode shapes are very similar, which supports the expectation that they are otherwise equivalent. The continuous-adjoint requires less resolution and usually converges more quickly than the discrete-adjoint but is more challenging to implement. Finally, the direct and adjoint global modes are combined in order to calculate the wavemaker region of a low density jet.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9991
    Electronic ISSN: 1090-2716
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
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  • 5
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    Crystal growth and piezoelectric, elastic and dielectric properties of novel LiInS2crystal (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Crystal Growth, Available online 19 November 2011 Shanpeng Wang, Zeliang Gao, Xin Yin, Guandong Liu, Huapeng Ruan, ... LiInS2is known as a multi-functional noncentrosymmetric (NCS) crystal. LiInS2crystal with diameter of 12 mm was successfully grown by the modified Bridgman method. We report the full set of elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric constants of LiInS2crystal by resonance technique and impedance analysis. Our results indicate that LiInS2crystal has good piezoelectric properties (d24=−13.3 pC/N,d33=9.6 pC/N). The origin of the piezoelectric properties of LiInS2crystal is analyzed based on the crystallographic aspect of its polar structure. It is found that the elastic constantss44ands66of LiInS2crystals have slight variations with temperature. The results suggest that LiInS2crystal is a promising candidate for piezoelectric applications. Research highlights ► The large LiInS 2 of high integrity was grown by the modified Bridgman method. ► The piezoelectric, elastic and dielectric properties of LiInS 2 crystal were reported. ► The origin of the piezoelectric property was analyzed on the polar structure.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0248
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    A discontinuous /continuous low order finite element shallow water model on the sphere (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Computational Physics, Available online 19 November 2011 Peter D. Düben, Peter Korn, Vadym Aizinger We study the applicability of a new finite element in atmosphere and ocean modeling. The finite element under investigation combines a second order continuous representation for the scalar field with a first order discontinuous representation for the velocity field and is therefore different from continuous and discontinuous Galerkin finite element approaches. The specific choice of low order approximation spaces is attractive because it satisfies the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi condition and is, at the same time, able to represent the crucially important geostrophic balance. The finite element is used to solve the viscous and inviscid shallow water equations on a rotating sphere. We introduce the spherical geometry via a stereographic projection. The projection leads to a manageable number of additional terms, the associated scaling factors can be exactly represented by second order polynomials. We perform numerical experiments considering steady and unsteady zonal flow, flow over topography, and an unstable zonal jet stream. For ocean applications, the wind driven Stommel gyre is simulated. The experiments are performed on icosahedral geodesic grids and analyzed with respect to convergence rates, conservation properties, and energy and enstrophy spectra. The results match quite well with results published in the literature and encourage further investigation of this type of element for three-dimensional atmosphere/ocean modeling.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9991
    Electronic ISSN: 1090-2716
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
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  • 7
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    3D modelling of stresses and deformations during crystallisation of silicon accounting for ingot-crucible interactions (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Crystal Growth, Available online 19 November 2011 Mohammed M’Hamdi, Sylvain Gouttebroze, Hallvard G. Fjær The present work presents a 3D thermo-mechanical model and its application to the casting of square multi-crystalline silicon ingots. Stresses and deformations in the ingot are the results of the combined effects of thermal contractions and mechanical loads induced by the ingot-crucible interaction. The model accounts for plastic deformation at high temperature. Air gap formation, sticking and fracture of the coating layer are all considered when modelling the ingot-crucible contact. The model is applied to analyse the crystallisation and cooling process in a vertical Bridgman furnace. Several situations are studied to illustrate ingot-crucible interactions (air gap formation, partial sticking and loss of contact due to fracture of the coating layer) and their consequences on the residual stress and strain fields. The 3D evolution of air gap formation between the ingot and the crucible is also presented. Highlights ► 3D global furnace model for silicon square ingot crystallization is presented. ► Model proposed includes mechanical load induced by several types of ingot-crucible contact. ► Higher stresses and deformation are obtained for ingot-crucible full or partial sticking. ► Air gap formation starts from the bottom ingot corner and proceeds towards the other ingot faces.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0248
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
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    Preparation of hybrid CaCO3-pepsin hemisphere with ordered hierarchical structure and the application for removal of heavy metal ions (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Crystal Growth, Available online 19 November 2011 Xiaoming Ma, Liping Li, Lin Yang, Caiyun Su, Kui Wang, ... In this paper, a simple way for preparation of hybrid CaCO3-pepsin material with ordered hierarchical structure was reported. It could be observed that the nanoparticles self-assembled into a lot of tetrahedral calcite crystals, which assembled into highly ordered surfaces of hemisphere-shaped CaCO3with hierarchical structures. These products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) and photoluminescence (PL). A rational mechanism was proposed for the formation of hybrid CaCO3-pepsin material ordered hierarchical structure. Functional study using the hybrid CaCO3-pepsin material as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions demonstrates that its distinguishing features in water treatment involve not only high removal capacities, but also decontamination of trace ions. The acquired experimental data show that both the functional and hierarchical structural features of hybrid CaCO3-pepsin material provide a promising adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions. Highlights ▶ A hybrid CaCO 3 -pepsin material with highly ordered superstructures is obtained facilely. ▶ Self-assembly of a large number of nanoparticles have been observed. ▶ Pepsin could play a role on the formation of the material with ordered superstructures. ▶ This material could be promising in life sciences for removal of heavy metals.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0248
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Microstructure and strain relaxation of orthorhombic TmMnO3epitaxial thin films (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Crystal Growth, Available online 19 November 2011 Y. Yu, X. Zhang, J.J. Yang, J.W. Wang, Y.G. Zhao Orthorhombic TmMnO3(o-TMO) thin films have been epitaxially stabilized on (1 1 0) SrTiO3substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The microstructure and strain relaxation mechanism of o-TMO thin films are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that major defects in the films are misfit dislocations with Burgers vectors of type ap〈0 1 0〉 and ap〈1 1 0〉, whereas ap〈1 1 0〉 dislocations tend to dissociate into partial dislocations with Burgers vectors of type 1/2ap〈1 1 0〉. Strain in o-TMO films is relaxed by misfit dislocations as well as surface fluctuations, which is different from most of the previous studies of the perovskite thin films. Highlights ► Orthorhombic TmMnO 3 thin films are epitaxially stabilized on SrTiO 3 substrates. ► Major defects in the films are a p 〈010〉 and a p 〈110〉 misfit dislocations. ► a p 〈110〉 dislocations tend to dissociate into 1/2a p 〈110〉 partial dislocations. ► Epitaxial strain is relaxed by misfit dislocations as well as surface fluctuations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0248
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Analysis of W-shape melt/crystal interface formation in czochralski silicon crystal growth (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Description: Publication year: 2011 Source: Journal of Crystal Growth, Available online 19 November 2011 Omidreza Asadi Noghabi, Moez Jomâa, Mohammed M'hamdi The shape of the melt/crystal interface in Czochralski grown silicon crystal is a result of the interaction of several phenomena. In particular, melt convection plays a key role as it affects heat and mass transfer inside the melt. Depending on the growth conditions and heat transfer in the melt, the interface shape can evolve from a purely concave or convex shape to a W-shape. The aim of this study is to explore the heat transfer conditions and melt flow patterns leading to the formation of W-shape interfaces. The 2D simulations are performed for 6 in. diameter silicon in order to identify conditions leading to W-shape formation. The numerical results show that the formation and development of W-shape interfaces is associated with growth conditions favoring the appearance of a vortex underneath the crystal. This vortex significantly influences the thermal field within the crystallization zone and locally alters the interface deflection. This study suggests that formation of the W-shape interfaces influences significantly the grown-in defects and crystal quality. Research highlights ► Formation of W-shape interfaces during Cz-silicon crystal growth is studied. ► 2D simulations are performed adopting a quasi-steady state approximation. ► A small vortex appears below the crystal above a certain rotation rate. ► Stresses are found smaller at the crystal side boundary for W-shape cases. ► W-shape interface affects the distribution of grown-in defects of the crystal.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0248
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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