Note: Front Cover -- Beef Cattle Feeding and Nutrition -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle -- Chapter 1. Rumen Physiology*and Energy Requirements -- I. STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUMINANTSTOMACH -- II. DIGESTION OF NUTRIENTS -- III. QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENTS OF BEEF CATTLE -- IV. ENERGY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Vitamin Requirementsof Beef Cattle -- I. FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS -- II. WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Mineral Requirementsof Beef Cattle -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ESSENTIAL MINERAL ELEMENTS -- III. TRACE MINERAL ELEMENTS -- IV. ROLE OF BUFFERS IN BEEF CATTLE NUTRITION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Protein Requirementsof Beef Cattle -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. AMINO ACIDS -- III. THE ROLE OF PROTEIN -- IV. PROTEIN DIGESTION -- V. NONPROTEIN NITROGEN (NPN) -- VI. EFFECT OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON THEPERFORMANCE OF FINISHING CATTLE -- VII. PROTECTED OR SLOWLY DEGRADED PROTEIN -- VIII. PROTEIN ADJUSTMENT DURING TEMPERATURESTRESS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Computer Programmingof Beef Cattle Diets -- I. COMPUTER DIETS -- II. ROLE OF THE PROGRAMMING MACHINE -- Chapter 6. The Effect of Processing on theNutritive Value of Feedstuffsfor Beef Cattle -- I. PROCESSING OF FEED GRAINS -- II. PROCESSING OF ROUGHAGE -- REFERENCES -- Part II: Feedingstuffs -- Chapter 7. Pasture and Other Forages -- I. NUTRITIVE VALUE OF PASTURE AND FORAGES -- II. TYPES OF PASTURES AND FORAGES -- Chapter 8. Hay and Haylage Making -- I. HAY -- II. HAYLAGE -- III. INFLUENCE OF HAY QUALITY ON STOCKERCATTLE GAIN -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Silage and Crops for Silage -- I. SILAGE MAKING -- II. HARVESTING OF SILAGE -- III. SILAGE DIETS -- IV. VALUE OF CORN SILAGE MADE FROM PLANTS ATVARIOUS STAGES OF MATURITY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Concentrates for Beef Cattle. , I. THE CEREAL GRAINS -- II. MOLASSES -- III. FAT -- IV. MISCELLANEOUS ENERGY CONCENTRATES -- V. PROTEIN CONCENTRATES -- VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Part III: The Breeding Herd -- Chapter 11. Breeding Herd Nutritionand Management -- I. NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF REPLACEMENT HEIFERS -- II. BEEF COW FEEDING PROGRAMS -- III. CROSSBREEDING AND COW PRODUCTIVITY -- IV. EFFECT OF DIET ON ESTRUS -- V. FREE-CHOICE LIQUID SUPPLEMENTS -- VI. UREA FEEDING EFFECT ON CATTLEREPRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Forages and Environment Effecton Brood Cows -- I. QUALITY OF PASTURE EFFECT ON COWAND CALF PERFORMANCE -- II. FEEDING CROP RESIDUES -- III. GRAIN SORGHUM STOVER FOR BEEF COWS -- IV. CORN RESIDUE UTILIZATION BY BEEF CATTLE -- V. LEAST-COST BROOD COW DIETS USING CROPRESIDUES -- VI. DRYLOT VERSUS CONVENTIONAL COW HERDMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Milk Productionand Calf Performance -- I. CHOOSING A PROFITABLE COW SIZE -- II. CREEP FEEDING BEEF CALVES -- III. IMPLANTING CALVES -- IV. EARLY WEANING OF BEEF CALVES -- REFERENCES -- Part IV: Finishing Beef Cattle -- Chapter 14. Starting Cattle on Feed -- I. THE PROGRAM -- II. STARTING NEW FEEDER CATTLE ON CORN SILAGE -- III. FEEDING REGIMENS FOR NEW FEEDER CATTLE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Feeding Stocker Cattle -- I. FEEDING PROGRAMS FOR STOCKERS -- II. CONTROLLED GROWTH OF STOCKERS -- III. WINTER GAIN EFFECT ON SUMMER PASTURE GAIN -- IV. PASTURE MANAGEMENT EFFECT ON STOCKER PERFORMANCE -- V. GRAIN FEEDING LEVELS ON PASTURE -- VI. STOCKER RESPONSE TO MONENSIN SODIUM ONPASTURE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Cattle Finishing Systems -- I. CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FINISHING SYSTEMS -- II. SELF-FEEDING FINISHING CATTLE -- III. RECIPE FEEDING OF FINISHING CATTLE -- IV. DIETS FOR SHOW CALVES -- V. FATTENING BULLS FOR BEEF -- VI. COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BULLS, STEERS,AND HEIFERS FOR BEEF. , VII. FEEDING HOLSTEIN STEERS -- VIII. FEEDING CULL COWS FOR SLAUGHTER -- IX. ESTRUS CONTROL IN HEIFERS: SPAYING VERSUSMGA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. Feedlot Disease -- I. BULLING OR RIDING IN STEER FEEDLOTS -- II. ACIDOSIS IN FEEDLOT CATTLE -- III. SHIPPING FEVER -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Economics of Cattle Feeding -- I. THE CATTLE FUTURES MARKET -- II. CUSTOM FEEDYARDS-WHAT ARE THEY AND HOWDO THEY WORK -- III. PREDICTING PERFORMANCE AND FEEDREQUIREMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. Environmental and Housing Effecton Feedlot Cattle Performance -- I. HOUSING EFFECTS -- II. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix I: Additives and Implants in BeefCattle Feeding -- Appendix II: How Much Can I Afford to Pay forFeeder Cattle -- Appendix III: Some Current Specificationsfor Beef Cattle Equipment -- Appendix IV: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle -- Appendix V: Typical Compositionof Feedstuff for Cattle -- Index.

Note: Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1   An Overview of Insect-Parasitic and Entomopathogenic Nematodes -- 2   Biological Control of Sirex noctilio using the Nematode Deladenus siricidicola -- 3   Parasitism of the Brown Planthopper by the Mermithid Nematode Agamermis in Rice -- 4   Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae): Host Range and Pathogenicity to the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). -- 5   Biological Control of Tree Borers (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in China with the Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae -- 6   Development of a System for the Control of the Banana Weevil Borer, Cosmopolites sordidus with Entomopathogenic Nematodes -- 7   Biological Control of Scarabs with Entomopathogenic Nematodes -- 8   Control of the Peach Fruit Moth, Carposina niponensis, using Entomopathogenic Nematodes -- 9   Post-application Biology of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Soil -- 10   Factors Affecting Physiological Fitness and Modes of Survival Employed by Dauer Juveniles and their Relationship to Pathogenicity -- 11   Ecological Genetics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes -- 12   Soil Microorganisms Affecting Entomopathogenic Nematodes -- 13   Integrated Control of Insect Pests by Steinernema carpocapsae -- 14   Temperature Responses of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Implications for the Success of Biological Control Programmes -- 15   Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes - the Power behind the Throne -- 16   The Phages and Bacteriocins of Xenorhabdus spp., Importance for the Specificity of their Bacterial Host to the Nematodes Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae -- 17   Fimbrial Attachment of Xenorhabdus nematophilus to the Intestine of Steinernema carpocapsae -- Conclusion   Future Prospects for Entomogenous and Entomopathogenic Nematodes -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Industrial Minerals and Rocks -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The term "Industrial minerals and rocks -- 1.2 Classification of industrial minerals and rocks and principal textbooks on this subject -- 1.3 The past and present of industrial minerals and rocks -- Chapter 2. Origin of industrial minerals and rocks -- 2.1 Magmatic deposits -- 2.2 Pegmatites -- 2.3 Skaras and skarnoids -- 2.4 Carbonatites -- 2.5 Hydrothermal deposits -- 2.6 Sublimates -- 2.7 Deposits of the weathering derivation -- 2.8 Sedimentary deposits -- 2.9 Deposits of the diagenetio derivation -- 2.10 Evaporites -- 2.11 Deposits of metamorphic origin -- Chapter 3. Cycles of principal elements of industrial materials in the nature -- 3.1 Boron -- 3.2 Carbon -- 3.3 Nitrogen -- 3.4 Fluorine -- 3.5 Sodium -- 3.6 Magnesium -- 3.7 Aluminium -- 3.8 Silicon -- 3.9 Phosphorus -- 3.10 Sulphur -- 3.11 Chlorine -- 3.12 Potassium -- 3.13 Calcium -- Chapter 4. Survey of genetic types of industrial minerals and rocks (in tables) -- Chapter 5. Form and size of industrial mineral deposits -- Chapter 6. Deposits of industrial minerals -- 6.1 Andalusite and other high alumina minerals -- 6.2 Asbestos -- 6.3 Baddeleyite and zircon -- 6.4 Barite and witherite -- 6.5 Beryl -- 6.6 Borate -- 6.7 Celestite and strontianite -- 6.8 Corundum and emery -- 6.9 Diamond -- 6.10 Feldspar -- 6.11 Fluorite (fluorspar) and cryolite -- 6.12 Gem stones -- 6.13 Graphite -- 6.14 Magnesite -- 6.15 Micas -- 6.16 Monasite, xenotime, bastnaesite -- 6.17 Nitratine (Chile saltpetre) -- 6.18 Olivine -- 6.19 Quartz crystal -- 6.20 Seplolite (Meerschaum) -- 6.21 Sulphur and pyrite -- 6.22 Talc and soapstone -- 6.23 Wollastonite -- 6.24 Zeolites -- Chapter 7. Deposits of industrial rocks -- 7.1 Bauxite and Al-laterite. , 7.2 Bentonite and montmorillonite clay (bleaching clays and fuller's earth included) -- 7.3 Clays and claystones -- 7.4 Decorative stones -- 7.5 Diatomite -- 7.6 Dolomite -- 7.7 Glass sands and foundry sands -- 7.8 Gypsum and anhydrite -- 7.9 Kaolin and halloysite residue -- 7.10 Leucophyllite -- 7.11 Limestone -- 7.12 Mineral pigments -- 7.13 Perlite -- 7.14 Petrurgloal rocks -- 7.15 Phosphates and apatite -- 7.16 Potassium salts -- 7.17 Quartz raw materials -- 7.18 Rock salt (halite) -- 7.19 Soda (natural ) -- Chapter 8. Deposits of building raw materials -- 8.1 Marly and siallitic materials for manufacturing cement and lime -- 8.2 Raw materials for light-weight aggregates -- 8.3 Raw materials for brickmaking -- 8.4 Gravel-sand and building sand -- 8.5 Building stone -- Chapter 9. Unconventional, perspective, potential and substitute industrial minerals and rocks -- Chapter 10. Minerogenetic provinces and epochs -- Chapter 11. Geophysical methods of prospecting and exploration of deposits of industrial raw materials -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Geophysical methods -- 11.3 Application of geophysical measurements on industrial minerals and rocks in Czechoslovakia -- Chapter 12. Laboratory investigations -- Chapter 13. Exploitation and dressing of industrial minerals and rooks -- Chapter 14. Industrial minerals and rocks in world economics -- Chapter 15. Outlook for prospeoting, production and use of industrial minerals and rocks in the world until the year 2000 -- Chapter 16. Literature -- Chapter 17. Index.

Note: Arsenic in Drinking Water -- Copyright -- Other Reports of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE CHARGE TO THE SUBCOMMITTEE -- THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO ITS CHARGE -- THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S EVALUATION -- Health Effects -- Recommendations -- Disposition (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) -- Recommendations -- Mechanism or Mode of Action -- Recommendations -- Variation in Human Sensitivity -- Recommendations -- Other Considerations -- Recommendations -- RISK CHARACTERIZATION -- Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSIES -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- REFERENCES -- 2 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1988 Risk Assessment for Arsenic -- OVERVIEW OF THE EPA 1988 SPECIAL REPORT -- Hazard Identification -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Nutritional Essentiality -- EPA'S 1988 RISK ASSESSMENT: 10 YEARS LATER -- Data Limitations -- Estimating Risk in the United States -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 3 Chemistry and Analysis of Arsenic Species in Water, Food, Urine, Blood, Hair, and Nails -- SUMMARY OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER AND FOOD -- RELEVANT CHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Is Arsenic Similar to Phosphorus? -- Affinity Of Arsenic For Sulfur -- Biomethylation of Arsenic -- Some Geo-chemical Considerations: Absorption and Redox -- Microbial Activity and Arsenic Mobilization -- Free Radical and Peroxy Species -- ANALYSIS OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- Hydride Generation with Speciation -- Hidden Arsenic Species -- Arsenic(III) Species -- Chromatographic Separation of Involatile Arsenic Species -- Mass Spectrometry for Arsenic Speciation -- ARSENIC IN WATER -- Arsenic in Groundwater -- Arsenic in Fresh Surface Water -- Arsenic in Estuarine Water -- Practical Quantification Level for Arsenic in Drinking Water -- ARSENIC IN FOOD. , Total-Arsenic Concentrations -- Studies of Arsenic Speciation in Food -- Higher-Level Speciation Studies of Food -- The Nature of Arsenic in Plants -- ARSENIC IN URINE, BLOOD, HAIR, AND NAILS -- Arsenic in Urine -- Total Arsenic in Urine -- Arsenic Species in Urine -- Collection and Storage of Urine Samples for Arsenic Speciation Analysis -- Arsenic Species in Blood -- Arsenic in Hair and Fingernails -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Health Effects of Arsenic -- CANCER EFFECTS -- Ecological Studies -- Cohort Studies -- Case-Control Studies -- Occupational Studies -- NONCANCER EFFECTS -- Cutaneous Effects -- Gastrointestinal Effects -- Cardiovascular Effects -- Hematological Effects -- Pulmonary Effects -- Immunological Effects -- Neurological Effects -- Endocrinological Effects -- Reproductive and Developmental Effects -- Epidemiological Associations -- Animal Data -- Placental Transfer -- Pathogenesis and Possible Mechanisms of Teratogenesis -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Disposition of Inorganic Arsenic -- ABSORPTION -- BIOTRANSFORMATION -- Arsenate Reduction and Arsenite Methylation -- Species Differences -- Factors Influencing the Metabolism of Arsenic -- TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ELIMINATION -- Transportation in Blood -- Tissue Distribution -- Intracellular Distribution -- Elimination -- KINETIC MODEL -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Biomarkers of Arsenic Exposure -- ARSENIC IN URINE -- ARSENIC IN BLOOD -- ARSENIC IN HAIR AND NAILS -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Mechanisms of Toxicity -- CANCER EFFECTS -- Results from Bioassays -- Inorganic Arsenic -- Monomethylarsonic Acid (MMA) -- Dimethylarsinic Acid (DMA) -- Relevance of Findings of Bioassays to Humans -- Mode of Action. , Genotoxic Effects Induced by Arsenic Compounds -- Mutational Spectrum -- Comutagenicity -- DNA Methylation -- Oxidative Stress -- Cell Proliferation -- Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenicity and the Shape of Dose-Response Curve-A Mode-of-Action Approach -- NONCANCER EFFECTS -- Inhibitory Effects on Cellular Respiration -- Alterations in the Heme and Porphyrin Biosynthetic Pathways -- Alterations in Cellular Gene Expression-Stress Protein Induction -- Arsenic Toxicity and Metallothionein -- Arsine Gas Toxicity -- Interactions Between Arsenic and Other Common Toxic Metals -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Variation in Human Sensitivity -- VARIATION IN ARSENIC METABOLISM -- Methodological Aspects -- Genetic Polymorphism -- Age, Sex, and Recreational Habits -- Effect of Dose -- Interindividual Variation -- NUTRITIONAL STATUS -- Methyl Group Donors -- Selenium -- Zinc -- Nutritional Status of Populations in Taiwan -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Essentiality and Therapeutic Uses -- DEFINITION OF ESSENTIALITY -- EVIDENCE FOR ESSENTIALITY -- Physiological Importance -- Essentiality in Humans -- Goats and Minipigs -- Rats -- Chicks -- Data Consistency and Reproducibility -- Biochemical Mechanism of Action -- Dose Aspects -- THERAPEUTIC USES OF ARSENIC -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Statistical Issues -- A REVIEW OF DOSE-RESPONSE MODELING AND RISK ASSESSMENT -- THE EPA 1988 ANALYSIS -- Sources of Uncertainty in the EPA 1988 Analysis -- PROBLEMS WITH RISK ASSESSMENT BASED ON ECOLOGICAL DATA -- INTERNAL-CANCER DATA FROM TAIWAN -- OTHER ISSUES -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 Risk Characterization -- REFERENCES -- Addendum to Chapter 9 Experimental Conditions for Nutritional Studies with Arsenic -- RATS AND CHICKS. , Goats and Minipigs -- REFERENCES -- Addendum to Chapter 10 Table A10-1 Internal Cancer Data From Arsenic-exposure Studies Conducted Taiwan Region Endemic To... -- References.

Note: Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Overview -- 1 General Considerations for Feeding and Diet Formulation -- FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS -- Genetics -- Stage Of Life -- Environmental Impacts -- Microbiological Status -- Research Conditions -- Nutrient Interactions -- FORMULATION OF DIET TYPES -- Natural-Ingredient Diets -- Nutrient Concentrations -- Fixed-Formula Diets -- Purified And Chemically Defined Diets -- Purified Diets -- Chemically Defined Diets -- Nutrient Concentrations -- Physical Form Of Diets -- MANUFACTURE AND STORAGE PROCEDURES AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS -- Natural-Ingredient Diets -- Purified And Chemically Defined Diets -- Environmental Conditions Of Storage Areas -- QUALITY ASSURANCE AND POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS -- DIETARY RESTRICTION -- REFERENCES -- 2 Nutrient Requirements of the Laboratory Rat -- ORIGIN OF THE LABORATORY RAT -- GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE -- ESTIMATION OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS -- Examples Of Diets For Rats -- ENERGY -- Maintenance -- Growth -- Gestation And Lactation -- LIPIDS -- Essential Fatty Acids -- n-6 Fatty Acids -- n-3 Fatty Acids -- Signs Of EFA Deficiency -- Digestibility Of Lipids -- Dietary Lipid Concentration -- CARBOHYDRATES -- PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS -- Protein And Growth -- Protein And Maintenance -- Amino Acids And Growth -- Amino Acids And Maintenance -- Gestation And Lactation -- Signs Of Protein Deficiency -- MINERALS -- Macrominerals -- Calcium and Phosphorus -- Chloride -- Magnesium -- Potassium -- Sodium -- Trace Minerals -- Copper -- Iodine -- Iron -- Manganese -- Molybdenum -- Selenium -- Zinc -- Nephrocalcinosis In Rats Fed Purified Diets -- Phosphorus and Calcium -- Magnesium -- Protein -- Other Dietary Factors -- VITAMINS -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Vitamin A -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin E -- Vitamin K. , Water-Soluble Vitamins -- Vitamin B6 -- Vitamin B12 -- Biotin -- Choline -- Folates -- Niacin -- Pantothenic Acid -- Riboflavin -- Thiamin -- POTENTIALLY BENEFICIAL DIETARY CONSTITUENTS -- Fiber -- Minerals -- Chromium -- Lithium -- Nickel -- Silicon -- Sulfur -- Vanadium -- Vitamins -- Ascorbic Acid -- Myo-inositol -- REFERENCES -- 3 Nutrient Requirements of the Mouse -- GENETIC DIVERSITY -- Growth And Reproduction -- ESTIMATION OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS -- Examples Of Diets For Laboratory Mice -- ENERGY -- LIPIDS -- Dietary Fat Concentration -- Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) -- n-6 Fatty Acids -- n-3 fatty acids -- CARBOHYDRATES -- PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS -- Protein -- Growth -- Reproduction -- Amino Acids -- Growth -- Reproduction -- MINERALS -- Macrominerals -- Calcium and Phosphorus -- Chloride -- Magnesium -- Phosphorus -- Potassium -- Sodium and Chloride -- Trace Minerals -- Copper -- Iron -- Manganese -- Zinc -- Ultra-Trace Minerals -- Iodine, Molybdenum, and Selenium -- VITAMINS -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Vitamin A -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin E -- Vitamin K -- Water-Soluble Vitamins -- Vitamin B12 -- Biotin -- Choline -- Folates -- Niacin -- Pantothenic Acid -- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine) -- Riboflavin -- Thiamin -- POTENTIALLY BENEFICIAL DIETARY CONSTITUENTS -- Fiber -- Vitamins -- Ascorbic acid -- Myo-inositol -- REFERENCES -- 4 Nutrient Requirements of the Guinea Pig -- BEHAVIORAL AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS -- GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION -- ESTIMATION OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS -- Examples Of Diets For Guinea Pigs -- ENERGY -- LIPIDS -- Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) -- n-6 Fatty Acids -- n-3 Fatty Acids -- CARBOHYDRATES -- PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS -- Protein -- Amino Acids -- Reproduction -- Maintenance -- MINERALS -- Macrominerals -- Calcium and Phosphorous -- Chloride, Sodium, and Sulfur -- Magnesium -- Potassium. , Trace Minerals -- Copper and Iron -- Manganese -- Zinc -- Iodine, Molybdenum, and Selenium -- VITAMINS -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Vitamin A -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin E -- Vitamin K -- Water-Soluble Vitamins -- Ascorbic Acid -- Biotin -- Choline -- Folates -- Niacin -- Pantothenic Acid -- Pyridoxine -- Riboflavin -- Thiamin -- POTENTIALLY BENEFICIAL DIETARY CONSTITUENTS -- Fiber -- Trace Minerals -- Vitamins -- Myo-Inositol -- Vitamin B12 -- REFERENCES -- 5 Nutrient Requirements of the Hamster -- BIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS -- Reproduction And Development -- EXAMPLES OF PURIFIED AND NATURAL-INGREDIENT DIETS -- WATER AND ENERGY -- LIPIDS -- Essential Fatty Acids -- n-6 Fatty Acids -- n-3 Fatty Acids -- CARBOHYDRATES -- PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS -- Growth -- Reproduction -- MINERALS -- Macrominerals -- Calcium and Phosphorus -- Sodium and Chloride -- Trace Minerals -- Iodine, Molybdenum, and Selenium -- Iron -- VITAMINS -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Vitamin A -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin E -- Vitamin K -- Water-Soluble Vitamins -- Biotin -- Choline -- Folates -- Myo-inositol -- Niacin -- Pantothenic Acid -- Vitamin B6 -- Riboflavin -- Thiamin -- Vitamin B12 -- POTENTIALLY BENEFICIAL DIETARY CONSTITUENTS -- Fiber -- Ascorbic Acid -- REFERENCES -- 6 Nutrient Requirements of the Gerbil -- REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT -- ENERGY AND WATER -- LIPIDS -- PROTEIN -- MINERALS -- Macrominerals -- Calcium and Phosphorus -- Magnesium -- Sodium Chloride -- Trace Minerals -- VITAMINS -- Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- Water-Soluble Vitamins -- REFERENCES -- 7 Nutrient Requirements of the Vole -- BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS -- HUSBANDRY AND FORM OF DIET -- Natural-Ingredient And Purified Diets -- Diet Digestibility And Intake -- PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS -- MINERALS -- VITAMINS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix -- Authors -- Index -- Other Titles in the Series.

Note: Intro -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- 1. Grundbegriffe Nichtlinearer Systeme -- 2. Analyse Und Entwurf In Der Zustandsebene -- 3. Grundzüge Und Anwendung Der Direkten Methode -- Übungsaufgaben Mit Lösungen Zu Band I -- Verzeichnis von Buchveröffentlichungen zu nichtlinearen Systemen -- Sachwortverzeichnis.

Note: Front Cover -- Pesticides in the Soil Environment -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 2. CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES -- 2.1. Herbicides -- 2.2. Insecticides -- 2.3. Fungicides -- 2.4. Fumigants -- References -- Chapter 3. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING PESTICIDES IN SOIL -- 3.1. Adsorption -- 3.2. Movement in Soil -- 3.3. Volatilization -- 3.4. Chemical Conversion and Degradation -- 3.5. Photodecomposition -- References -- Chapter 4. MICROBIAL PROCESSES AFFECTING PESTICIDES IN SOIL -- 4.1. Herbicides -- 4.2. Insecticides -- 4.3. Fungicides -- 4.4. Fumigante -- References -- Chapter 5. OCCURRENCE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL -- 5.1. Persistence -- 5.2. Bound Residues -- 5.3. Pesticides in Soil Animals -- 5.4. Plant Uptake -- References -- Chapter 6. MINIMIZING PESTICIDES RESIDUES IN SOIL -- 6.1. Alternative to Pesticides -- 6.2. Short Residual Pesticides -- 6.3. Eliminating Pesticide Residues -- 6.4. Future Needs -- References -- APPENDIX -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Front Cover -- The Social Costs of Solar Energy: A Study of Photovoltaic Energy Systems -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- Preface & -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Methodological Issues -- Social Cost Allocation -- Incomparability and Social Values -- Substitution and Energy Interdependencies -- Indirect Social Costs -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Potential Risk Centers in Photovoltaic Technologies -- Silicon -- Cell Fabrication and Array Assembly -- Cadmium Sulfide -- Gallium Arsenide -- Utilization -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Occupational Safety and Health Impacts -- Occupational Safety -- Health Impacts -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Public Health Impacts -- Nature and Sources of Direct Impacts -- Comparability -- Assessment of Public Health Impacts -- Silicon: Materials and Emissions -- Silicon: Population Exposures and Health Effects -- Cadmium: Materials and Emissions -- Cadmium: Population Exposures and Health Effects -- Gallium Arsenide: Materials and Emissions -- Gallium Arsenide: Population Exposures and Health Effects -- Public Health Effects: Assessment Issues -- Overview of Direct Public Health Effects -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Environmental Impacts -- Land Use -- Thermal and Climatic Effects -- Emissions -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Indirect Impacts: Labor, Materials, and Energy -- Labor -- Materials -- Energy -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Summary and Conclusions -- Occupational Health -- Public Health -- Environmental Impacts -- Indirect Impacts: Labor, Materials, and Energy -- Implications for Technological Development -- Appendix A: Modeling Public Exposures -- Release and Transport Model -- Silicon -- Cadmium Sulfide -- Gallium Arsenide -- REFERENCES -- Index -- About the Author.

Note: Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1. OZONE-PRECURSOR EMISSIONS FROM GASOLINE-FUELED VEHICLES -- 2. HIGH-EMITTING MOTOR VEHICLES -- 3. THE USE OF REACTIVITY IN ASSESSING THE OZONE-FORMING POTENTIAL OF EMISSIONS -- 4. RELATIVE REACTIVITY AS A MEANS OF COMPARING FUELS -- 5. REACTIVITY OF CO COMMISSIONS -- 6. OVERALL AIR-QUALITY BENEFIT OF RFG -- 7. EFFECT OF OXYGENATES IN RFG -- 8. MTBE BLENDS VERSUS ETHANOL BLENDS-EXHAUST EMISSIONS -- 9. MTBE BLENDS VERSUS ETHANOL BLENDS-EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS -- 10. REID VAPOR PRESSURE OF ETHANOL-CONTAINING FUEL -- 11. USE OF REACTIVITY TO EVALUATE RFGS -- 12. MODELS USED TO CHARACTERIZE EMISSIONS FROM RFG BLENDS -- 13. OPPORTUNITY TO TRACK EFFECTS OF PHASE II RFG PROGRAM -- 1 Introduction -- THE OZONE-POLLUTION PROBLEM -- HISTORY OF U.S. POLICIES TO MITIGATE OZONE POLLUTION -- CHARGE TO NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL COMMITTEE -- REPORT STRUCTURE -- 2 Ozone Photochemistry -- VOC LIMITATION VS NOX LIMITATION -- REACTION PATHWAYS OF ETHANOL AND METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER -- SUMMARY -- 3 The Concept of Ozone-Forming Potential and Its Quantification -- REGULATORY APPLICATION OF VOC OZONE-FORMING POTENTIAL -- OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF OZONE-FORMING POTENTIAL USING REACTIVITY -- QUANTIFYING OZONE-FORMING POTENTIAL USING REACTIVITY -- CHEMICAL MECHANISMS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT -- REACTIVITY ASSESSMENTS USING SMOG CHAMBERS -- AIR-QUALITY MODELS -- Box- and Trajectory-Model Reactivity Assessments -- Eulerian-Model Reactivity Assessments -- UNCERTAINTIES IN SPECIES' REACTIVITIES DUE TO CHEMICAL-MECHANISM UNCERTAINTY -- VARIABILITY OF OZONE-FORMING POTENTIAL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS -- UNCERTAINTIES IN RELATIVE REACTIVITIES OF MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS -- REACTIVITY FOR 1-HR PEAK AND 8-HR AVERAGED OZONE CONCENTRATIONS. , OUTSTANDING TECHNICAL ISSUES IN QUANTIFYING REACTIVITY -- SUMMARY -- 4 Motor Vehicles As a Source of Ozone Precursors -- LIGHT-DUTY VEHICULAR EMISSIONS BY SOURCES AND REGULATION -- Vehicular-Emissions Sources -- Control Standards for These Sources -- MAGNITUDES AND TRENDS OF LIGHT-DUTY VEHICULAR EMISSIONS -- INFLUENCE OF DRIVING PATTERNS ON EMISSIONS VARIABILITY -- Off-Cycle Transient Events -- Underrepresented Events -- Variable Events -- EMISSIONS DETERIORATION AND PROSPECTS FOR DETECTION -- FUNCTIONALITY OF CATALYSTS, OXYGENATED FUELS, AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS -- SUMMARY -- 5 Reformulation of Gasoline -- BASIC PROPERTIES -- Volatility and Distillation Curve -- Octane Number -- Oxygenates in Fuels -- Sulfur in Gasoline -- FEDERAL AND CALIFORNIA REGULATION OF GASOLINE PROPERTIES -- History of Federal Actions Before 1994 -- Corresponding California Actions -- The Auto/Oil Study -- WHAT IS REFORMULATED GASOLINE? -- Federal RFG Program -- California RFG Program -- FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RFG UNDER THE COMPLEX MODEL -- THE CALIFORNIA PREDICTIVE MODEL -- PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF COMPLEX AND PREDICTIVE MODELS -- SPECIFICATION FLEXIBILITY AND DOWNSTREAM CONTROL IN FEDERAL PHASE II RFG -- MODELING EVAPORATIVE VOC EMISSIONS FROM RFG FOR SIP DEVELOPMENT -- SUMMARY -- 6 The Effects of Reformulated Gasoline On Ozone and Its Precursors -- WHAT CHANGES IN MOTOR-VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF VOCS, NOX, CO, OR AIR TOXICS ARE OBSERVED IN LABORATORY TESTS WHEN RFGS… -- Emissions of Toxics -- Emissions of VOCs -- Exhaust Emissions of NOx -- Effect of Fuel Sulfur Content of RFGs on Exhaust Emissions -- Effect of RVP on Emissions -- HAVE THE CHANGES IN EMISSIONS FROM RFG BLENDS INDICATED BY LABORATORY STUDIES BEEN OBSERVED IN EMISSION STUDIED USING… -- Tunnel Studies -- The 1994 Caldecott Tunnel Studies -- The 1994-1997 Studies -- Remote-Sensing Studies. , ARE THERE DATA TO SUPPORT MEANINGFUL ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC DATA TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF RFGS? -- HAVE CHANGES IN HE CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR TOXICS OR OXYGENATED BEEN OBSERVED IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND CAN THESE CHANGES BE… -- HAVE CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CO BEEN OBSERVED IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND CAN THESE CHANGES BE RELEATED TO THE USE RFGS? -- HAVE CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF OZONE BEEN OBSERVED IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND CAN THESE CHANGES BE RELEATED TO THE USE OF… -- DOCUMENTATION OF RFG EFFECTS IN A FUTURE OBSERVATIONAL PROGRAM -- Question 1: Do in-use Phase H RFG blends decrease the emissions from LDVs? -- Question 2: Are changes in emissions resulting from the use of Phase II RFG blends observable under driving conditions? -- Question 3: Are changes in emissions resulting from the use of Phase II RFG blends observable as a signal in the ambient… -- SUMMARY -- 7 Using Ozone-Forming Potential to Evaluate the Relative Impacts of Reformulated Gasolines: A Case Study -- ASSESSING WHETHER EMISSIONS AND REACTIVITY DIFFERENCES ARE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT -- FUELS AND EMISSIONS DATA FROM THE AQIRP STUDY -- Effect of Reid Vapor Pressure -- Effect of Oxygenates Using MTBE -- Effect of Ethanol vs. MTBE -- FUELS AND EMISSIONS DATA FROM THE CALIFORNIA ETHANOL TESTING PROGRAM -- IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONCLUSIONS DRAWN ON THE BASIS OF VOC-MASS EMISSIONS AND THE REACTIVITY OF THE EMISSIONS? -- ANALYSIS USING THE COMPLEX AND PREDICTIVE MODELS -- SUMMARY -- References -- Appendix A Biographical Information on the Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline -- Appendix B Letter from Senator Richard G. Lugar -- Appendix C Equation Set for the Complex Model- Phase II RFG -- I. BASIC VOC EXHAUST EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE (SUMMER) -- II. CONSOLIDATED EXHAUST VOC EQUATIONS -- III. CONSOLIDATED NON-EXHAUST VOC EQUATIONS (PHASE II). , IV. PHASE II TOTAL VOC EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE-SUMMER OZONE SEASON -- V. SUMMER NOX EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE -- VI. CONSOLIDATED NOX EQUATIONS -- VII. SUMMER TOXICS EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE, PHASE II -- VIII. EMISSIONS EQUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL OZONE-SEASON TOXICS-(1) BENZENE -- IX. CONSOLIDATED BENZENE EQUATIONS -- X. EMISSIONS EQUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL OZONE-SEASON TOXICS- (2) FORMALDEHYDE -- XI. CONSOLIDATED FORMALDEHYDE EQUATIONS -- XII. EMISSIONS EQUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL OZONE-SEASON TOXICS- (3) ACETALDEHYDE -- XIII. CONSOLIDATED ACETALDEHYDE EQUATIONS -- XIV. EMISSIONS EQUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL OZONE-SEASON TOXICS-(4) 1,3-BUTADIENE -- XV. CONSOLIDATED 1,3-BUTADIENE EQUATIONS -- XVI. POLYCYCLIC ORGANIC MATTER, MASS EMISSIONS (MILLIGRAMS PER MILE) -- XVII. NON-EXHAUST BENZENE EMISSIONS (MILLIGRAMS PER MILE) -- Appendix D Data on Emissions from Light-Duty Motor Vehicles Using Fuels Selected from the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement….