Note: Intro -- Lecture Notes in Physics -- Springer -- Editorial Policy -- Acceptance -- Contractual Aspects -- Manuscript Submission -- Online Version/ LNP Homepage -- Fundamentals of Quantum Information -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Qubits, Cbits, Decoherence, Quantum Measurement and Environment -- Introduction to Quantum Computation -- Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical -- Quantum Information Science Using Photons -- Quantum Information: Entanglement, Purification, Error Correction, and Quantum Optical Implementations -- Spintronics, Quantum Computing, and Quantum Communication in Quantum Dots -- List of Contributors -- A Guide for the Reader -- Qubits, Cbits, Decoherence, Quantum Measurement and Environment -- 1 Lecture 1 - A Single Qubit: Basic Notions -- The General 2-State System -- 2 Lecture 2 - Distinguishing Qubits from Cbits: Multi-qubit Systems and Quantum Computation -- 3 Lecture 3 - The Fundamental Theorem of Decoherence:"Isolated" Systems -- 4 Lecture 4 - Candidate Systems for Qubits: Preliminary Estimate of Decoherence Times -- 5 Lecture 5 - The Environment as a Bath of Oscillators: More Systematic Treatment of Decoherence -- 6 Lecture 6 - The Quantum Measurement Problem -- References -- Introduction to Quantum Computation -- 1 Physical Representation of Information -- 2 Qubits, Gates and Networks -- 3 Quantum Arithmetic and Function Evaluations -- 4 Algorithms and Their Complexity -- 5 From Interferometers to Computers -- 6 The First Quantum Algorithms -- 7 Quantum Search -- 8 Optimal Phase Estimation -- 9 Periodicity and Quantum Factoring -- 10 Cryptography -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Quantum Measurements -- 2.1 Bit-by-Bit Measurement and Quantum Entanglement. , 2.2 Interactions and the Information Transfer in Quantum Measurements -- 2.3 Monitoring by the Environment and Decoherence -- 2.4One-Bit Environment for a Bit-by-Bit Measurement -- 2.5 Decoherence of a Single (Qu)Bit -- 2.6 Decoherence, Einselection, and Controlled Shifts -- 3 Dynamics of Quantum Open Systems: Master Equations -- 3.1 Master Equation: Perturbative Evaluation -- 3.2 Example 1: Perturbative Master Equation in Quantum Brownian Motion -- 3.3 Example 2: Perturbative Master Equation for a Two-Level System Coupled to a Bosonic Heat Bath -- 3.4 Example 3: Perturbative Master Equation for a Particle Interacting with a Quantum Field -- 3.5 Exact Master Equation for Quantum Brownian Motion -- 4 Einselection in Quantum Brownian Motion -- 4.1 Decoherence of a Superposition of Two Coherent States -- 4.2 Predictability Sieve and Preferred States for QBM -- 4.3 Energy Eigenstates Can Also Be Selected by the Environment! -- 5 Deconstructing Decoherence: Landscape Beyond the Standard Models -- 5.1 Saturation of the Decoherence Rate at Large Distances -- 5.2 Decoherence at Zero Temperature -- 5.3 Preexisting Correlations Between the System and the Environment -- 6 Decoherence and Chaos -- 6.1 Quantum Predictability Horizon: How the Correspondence Is Lost -- 6.2 Exponential Instability vs. Decoherence -- 6.3 The Arrow of Time: A Price of Classicality? -- 6.4 Decoherence, Einselection, and the Entropy Production -- 7 How to Fight Against Decoherence: Quantum Error Correcting Codes -- 7.1 How to Protect a Classical Bit -- 7.2 How to Protect a Quantum Bit -- 7.3 Stabilizer Quantum Error-Correcting Codes -- 8 Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Quantum Information Science Using Photons -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 A Humble Point of View -- 1.2 Quantum Mystery -- 1.3 Maxwell's Demon -- 1.4 Shannon Entropy -- 1.5 Von Neumann Entropy. , 2 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Bell's Inequalities -- 3 Producing Entangled Particles -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Parametric Down-Conversion -- 3.3 Franson's Proposal -- 3.4 Polarization Entanglement -- 4 The Beam Splitter Action on a Two-Photon State -- 4.1 Beamsplitter Transformation -- 4.2 Bell-State Analyzer -- 5 No-Cloning Theorem -- 6 Quantum Cryptography -- 7 Quantum Dense Coding -- 7.1 Theoretical Scheme -- 7.2 Experimental Dense Coding with Qubits -- 8 Quantum Teleportation -- 8.1 Theoretical Scheme -- 8.2 Experimental Quantum Teleportation of Qubits -- 8.3 Teleportation of Entanglement -- 8.4 A Two-Particle Scheme for Quantum Teleportation -- 9 Teleportation of Continuous Quantum Variables -- 9.1 Theoretical Scheme -- 9.2 Quantum Optical Implementation -- 10 Quantum Error Detection and Correction -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Quantum Error Detection -- 10.3 Avoiding Controlled-NOT Operations -- 10.4 Post-selection -- 11 Stimulated Entanglement -- 11.1 Theory -- 12 Bohm-Type Spin-s Entanglements -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Quantum Information: Entanglement, Purification, Error Correction, and Quantum Optical Implementations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Quantum Computers: Quantum Optical Implementations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 How to Construct a Quantum Computer -- 2.3 Physical Implementations for Quantum Computation -- 2.4 Quantum Optical Systems for Quantum Computation -- 2.5 Quantum Computation with Trapped Ions -- 3 Decoherence and Error Correction -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Decoherence -- 3.3 Error Correction -- 3.4 Error Correction and Decoherence -- 4 Entanglement of Pure States -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 2-Partite Entanglement: Definition -- 4.3 2-Partite Entanglement: Qualifying and Quantifying -- 4.4 Multipartite Entanglement -- 5 Entanglement of Mixed States -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 2-Partite Entanglement: Definition. , 5.3 2-Partite Entanglement: Entanglement Witnesses -- 5.4 2-Partite Entanglement: Positive Maps -- 5.5 2-Partite Entanglement: Entangled States with Positive Partial Transposition -- 5.6 Multipartite Entanglement -- 6 Entanglement Distillation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Generalized Measurements -- 6.3 Distillation of Pure States -- 6.4 Distillation of Mixed States -- 6.5 Multipartite Distillation -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Spintronics, Quantum Computing, and Quantum Communication in Quantum Dots -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Quantum Computing -- 1.2 Quantum Communication -- 1.3 General Remarks on Quantum Dots -- 2 Phase Coherence -- 3 Pulsed Switching and Adiabaticity -- 4 Initialization of a Quantum Register -- 5 Two-Qubit Operations in Coupled Quantum Dots -- 5.1 Laterally Coupled Dots -- 5.2 Vertically Coupled Dots -- 5.3 Singlet-Triplet Entangling Gate -- 6 Single-Spin Operations -- 7 Single-Spin Measurement -- 7.1 Spin Measurements Through Spontaneous Magnetization -- 7.2 Spin Measurements via the Charge -- 7.3 Quantum Dot as Spin Filter and Read-Out/Memory Device -- 7.4 Optical Measurements -- 8 Quantum Communication with Entangled Electrons -- 8.1 Adding Entangled Electrons to the Fermi Sea -- 8.2 Shot Noise of Entangled Electrons -- 8.3 Spin-Dependent Current Through a Double Dot-Probing Entanglement -- 8.4 Double Dot with Superconducting Leads -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Note: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence -- Inductive Logic Programming -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Table of Contents -- ILP: Just Do It -- A New Algorithm for Learning Range Restricted Horn Expressions★ -- A Refinement Operator for Description Logics -- Executing Query Packs in ILP -- A Logical Database Mining Query Language★ -- Induction of Recursive Theories in the Normal ILP Setting: Issues and Solutions -- Extending K-Means Clustering to First-Order Representations -- Theory Completion Using Inverse Entailment -- Solving Selection Problems Using Preference Relation Based on Bayesian Learning -- Concurrent Execution of Optimal Hypothesis Search for Inverse Entailment -- Using ILP to Improve Planning in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning -- Towards Learning in CARIN-ΑLΝ -- Inverse Entailment in Nonmonotonic Logic Programs -- A Note on Two Simple Transformations for Improving the Efficiency of an ILP System -- Searching the Subsumption Lattice by a Genetic Algorithm -- New Conditions for the Existence of Least Generalizations under Relative Subsumption -- Author Index.

Note: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3068 -- Affective Dialogue Systems -- Copyright -- Preface -- Committee Listings -- Table of Contents -- From Emotion to Interaction: Lessons from Real Human-Machine-Dialogues -- Emotions in Short Vowel Segments: Effects of the Glottal Flow as Reflected by the Normalized Amplitude Quotient -- Towards Real Life Applications in Emotion Recognition -- Emotion Recognition Using Bio-sensors: First Steps towards an Automatic System -- Neural Architecture for Temporal Emotion Classification -- Empathic Embodied Interfaces: Addressing Users' Affective State -- Cognitive-Model-Based Interpretation of Emotions in a Multi-modal Dialog System -- Affective Advice Giving Dialogs -- A Categorical Annotation Scheme for Emotion in the Linguistic Content of Dialogue -- Data-Driven Tools for Designing Talking Heads Exploiting Emotional Attitudes -- Design of a Hungarian Emotional Database for Speech Analysis and Synthesis -- Emotion and Dialogue in the MRE Virtual Humans -- Coloring Multi-character Conversations through the Expression of Emotions -- Domain-Oriented Conversation with H.C. Andersen -- Simulating the Emotion Dynamics of a Multimodal Conversational Agent -- Design and First Tests of a Chatter -- Endowing Spoken Language Dialogue Systems with Emotional Intelligence -- Do You Want to Talk about It? -- Application of D-Script Model to Emotional Dialogue Simulation -- Modeling and Synthesizing Emotional Speech for Catalan Text-to-Speech Synthesis -- Dimensional Emotion Representation as a Basis for Speech Synthesis with Non-extreme Emotions -- Extra-Semantic Protocols -- Input Requirements for the Synthesis of Dialogue Speech -- How (Not) to Add Laughter to Synthetic Speech -- Modifications of Speech Articulatory Characteristics in the Emotive Speech -- Expressive Animated Agents for Affective Dialogue Systems. , Affective Feedback in a Tutoring System for Procedural Tasks -- Generating Socially Appropriate Tutorial Dialog -- The Role of Affect and Sociality in the Agent-Based Collaborative Learning System -- Evaluation of Synthetic Faces: Human Recognition of Emotional Facial Displays -- How to Evaluate Models of User Affect? -- Preliminary Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Expressiveness in Synthetic Faces -- Conversational H.C. Andersen First Prototype Description -- Experiences with an Emotional Sales Agent -- A Freely Configurable, Multi-modal Sensor System for Affective Computing -- Gesture Synthesis in a Real-World ECA -- Author Index.

Note: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3155 -- Advances in Case-Based Reasoning -- Copyright -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Knowledge-Intensive Case-Based Reasoning in CREEK -- Designing Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Applications -- Maintaining Case-Based Reasoning Systems: A Machine Learning Approach -- JColibri: An Object-Oriented Framework for Building CBR Systems★ -- Mémoire: Case Based Reasoning Meets the Semantic Web in Biology and Medicine -- Facilitating CBR for Incompletely-Described Cases: Distance Metrics for Partial Problem Descriptions★ -- Dialogue Management for Conversational Case-Based Reasoning -- Hybrid Recommender Systems with Case-Based Components -- Measures of Solution Accuracy in Case-Based Reasoning Systems -- Representing Similarity for CBR in XML -- An Analysis of Case-Base Editing in a Spam Filtering System* -- A Case Based Reasoning Approach to Story Plot Generation★ -- Explanation Oriented Retrieval -- Exploiting Background Knowledge when Learning Similarity Measures -- Software Design Retrieval Using Bayesian Networks and WordNet -- Case-Base Injection Schemes to Case Adaptation Using Genetic Algorithms -- Learning Feature Taxonomies for Case Indexing -- Maintenance Memories: Beyond Concepts and Techniques for Case Base Maintenance -- Textual Reuse for Email Response -- Case-Based, Decision-Theoretic, HTN Planning -- Using CBR in the Exploration of Unknown Environments with an Autonomous Agent -- Ceaseless Case-Based Reasoning -- Explanation Service for Complex CBR Applications -- Explaining the Pros and Cons of Conclusions in CBR -- Incremental Relaxation of Unsuccessful Queries -- Justification-Based Case Retention -- Case Retrieval Using Nonlinear Feature-Space Transformation -- Case-Based Object Recognition -- Explanations and Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues. , MINLP Based Retrieval of Generalized Cases -- Case-Based Relational Learning of Expressive Phrasing in Classical Music -- CBRFlow: Enabling Adaptive Workflow Management Through Conversational Case-Based Reasoning -- CASEP2: Hybrid Case-Based Reasoning System for Sequence Processing -- Improving the Quality of Solutions in Domain Evolving Environments -- PlayMaker: An Application of Case-Based Reasoning to Air Traffic Control Plays -- Case-Based Collaborative Web Search -- Case Based Reasoning and Production Process Design: The Case of P-Truck Curing -- An Architecture for Case-Based Personalised Search★ -- Quantifying the Ocean's CO2 Budget with a CoHeL-IBR System -- Development of CBR-BDI Agents: A Tourist Guide Application -- Improving Recommendation Ranking by Learning Personal Feature Weights* -- Investigating Graphs in Textual Case-Based Reasoning -- A Case Study of Structure Processing to Generate a Case Base★ -- TempoExpress, a CBR Approach to Musical Tempo Transformations -- Case Acquisition and Case Mining for Case-Based Object Recognition -- Criteria of Good Project Network Generator and Its Fulfillment Using a Dynamic CBR Approach -- Integrated CBR Framework for Quality Designing and Scheduling in Steel Industry -- RHENE: A Case Retrieval System for Hemodialysis Cases with Dynamically Monitored Parameters -- A Case-Based Classification of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia -- Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Robots Using Acoustic Signals and Case-Based Reasoning -- A Case-Based Approach to Managing Geo-spatial Imagery Tasks* -- Analysing Similarity Essence for Case Based Recommendation★ -- Satellite Health Monitoring Using CBR Framework -- Extending a Fault Dictionary Towards a Case Based Reasoning System for Linear Electronic Analog Circuits Diagnosis -- Dynamic Critiquing -- Using CBR for Semantic Analysis of Software Specifications. , An Indexing Scheme for Case-Based Manufacturing Vision Development -- Feature Selection and Generalisation for Retrieval of Textual Cases -- Author Index.

Note: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2782 -- Cooperative Information Agents VII -- Copyright -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- ACCESS: An Agent Architecture for Ubiquitous Service Delivery -- Adaptive Agent-Based Service Composition for Wireless Terminals -- An Information Notification Model with VPC on KODAMA in an Ubiquitous Computing Environment, and Its Experiment -- Multi-agent Systems and Peer-to-Peer Computing: Methods, Systems, and Challenges -- A Peer-to-Peer Approach to Resource Discovery in Multi-agent Systems -- Ostensive Automatic Schema Mapping for Taxonomy-Based Peer-to-Peer Systems -- Proposal-Based Negotiation in Convex Regions -- A Conversational Component-Based Open Multi-agent Architecture for Flexible Information Trading -- The Search for Coalition Formation in Costly Environments -- GraniteNights - A Multi-agent Visit Scheduler Utilising Semantic Web Technology -- Send Fredo off to Do This, Send Fredo off to Do That* -- Database Integration Using Mobile Agents -- Adaptive Web Search Based on a Colony of Cooperative Distributed Agents -- Agents for Collaborative Filtering -- Emergence and Stability of Collaborations Among Rational Agents -- A Framework for the Social Description of Resources in Open Environments★ -- A Coordination Framework for a Community of Over-Helping Agents -- Trust Networks on the Semantic Web -- Exchanging Advice and Learning to Trust -- A Component-Based Approach for Interoperability across FIPA-Compliant Platforms* -- Logic Programming for Evolving Agents -- Temporal and Spatial Analysis to Personalise an Agent's Dynamic Belief, Desire, and Intention Profiles -- Meta-reasoning for Agents' Private Knowledge Detection -- Formalizing Retrieval Goal Change by Prioritized Circumscription - Preliminary Report - -- Organisational Change: Deliberation and Modification -- Author Index.

Note: Algal Adaptation to Environmental Stresses -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Algal Adaptation to Stress - Some General Remarks -- 2 Carbon Limitation -- 3 Nitrogen Limitation -- 4 Phosphate Limitation -- 5 Trace Metal Constraints on Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Acquisition and Assimilation by Phytoplankton -- 6 Acclimation of Photosynthetic Light Energy Conversion to the Light Environments -- 7 Adaptation to UV Stress in Algae -- 8 Temperature Stress and Basic Bioenergetic Strategies for Stress Defence -- 9 Acidophilic and Acidotolerant Algae -- 10 Alkaliphilic and Alkali-Tolerant Algae -- 11 Salt Acclimation of Algae and Cyanobacteria: A Comparison -- 12 Heavy Metal Tolerance in Algae -- 13 Eukaryotic Algae, Cyanobacteria and Pesticides -- Index.

Note: Springer Series on Agent Technology -- Distributed Constraint Satisfaction -- Copyright -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1. Constraint Satisfaction Problem -- 2. Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problem -- 3. Asynchronous Backtracking -- 4. Asynchronous Weak-Commitment Search -- 5. Distributed Breakout -- 6. Distributed Consistency Algorithm -- 7. Handling Multiple Local Variables -- 8. Handling Over-Constrained Situations -- 9. Summary and Future Issues -- References -- Index.

Note: Cyanotoxins - Occurrence, Causes, Consequences -- Cyanotoxins -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Frequently used Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction: Cyanotoxins - Research for Environmental Safety and Human Health -- 2 Cyanotoxin Occurrence in Freshwaters -- 3 Factors Controlling Cellular Microcystin Content -- 4 Factors Affecting Cyanotoxin Concentrations in Natural Populations -- 5 Cyanobacterial Toxicity and Human Exposure -- 6 Effects of Microcystis spp. and Selected Cyanotoxins on Freshwater Organisms -- 7 Toxic Effects and Substances in Cyanobacteria other than Microcystins, Anatoxin-a and Saxitoxins -- 8 Contributions to Toxicity Testing and Toxin Analysis -- 9 Routine Analytical Methods Applied in the German Cyanotox Project.

Note: Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences 1 -- A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy -- Copyright -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Part One Introduction Book I The Almagest and its Direct Predecessors Book II Babylonian Astronomy -- Introduction -- Book I The Almagest and its Direct Predecessors -- A. Spherical Astronomy -- B. Lunar Theory -- C. Planetary Theory -- D. Apollonius -- E. Hipparchus -- Book II Babylonian Astronomy -- Introduction -- A. Planetary Theory -- B. Lunar Theory -- C. Early Babylonian Astronomy.