Keywords:
Quantum computers.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (275 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783540459330
Series Statement:
Lecture Notes in Physics Series ; v.587
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3072041
DDC:
004.1
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Lecture Notes in Physics -- Springer -- Editorial Policy -- Acceptance -- Contractual Aspects -- Manuscript Submission -- Online Version/ LNP Homepage -- Fundamentals of Quantum Information -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Qubits, Cbits, Decoherence, Quantum Measurement and Environment -- Introduction to Quantum Computation -- Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical -- Quantum Information Science Using Photons -- Quantum Information: Entanglement, Purification, Error Correction, and Quantum Optical Implementations -- Spintronics, Quantum Computing, and Quantum Communication in Quantum Dots -- List of Contributors -- A Guide for the Reader -- Qubits, Cbits, Decoherence, Quantum Measurement and Environment -- 1 Lecture 1 - A Single Qubit: Basic Notions -- The General 2-State System -- 2 Lecture 2 - Distinguishing Qubits from Cbits: Multi-qubit Systems and Quantum Computation -- 3 Lecture 3 - The Fundamental Theorem of Decoherence:"Isolated" Systems -- 4 Lecture 4 - Candidate Systems for Qubits: Preliminary Estimate of Decoherence Times -- 5 Lecture 5 - The Environment as a Bath of Oscillators: More Systematic Treatment of Decoherence -- 6 Lecture 6 - The Quantum Measurement Problem -- References -- Introduction to Quantum Computation -- 1 Physical Representation of Information -- 2 Qubits, Gates and Networks -- 3 Quantum Arithmetic and Function Evaluations -- 4 Algorithms and Their Complexity -- 5 From Interferometers to Computers -- 6 The First Quantum Algorithms -- 7 Quantum Search -- 8 Optimal Phase Estimation -- 9 Periodicity and Quantum Factoring -- 10 Cryptography -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Quantum Measurements -- 2.1 Bit-by-Bit Measurement and Quantum Entanglement.
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2.2 Interactions and the Information Transfer in Quantum Measurements -- 2.3 Monitoring by the Environment and Decoherence -- 2.4One-Bit Environment for a Bit-by-Bit Measurement -- 2.5 Decoherence of a Single (Qu)Bit -- 2.6 Decoherence, Einselection, and Controlled Shifts -- 3 Dynamics of Quantum Open Systems: Master Equations -- 3.1 Master Equation: Perturbative Evaluation -- 3.2 Example 1: Perturbative Master Equation in Quantum Brownian Motion -- 3.3 Example 2: Perturbative Master Equation for a Two-Level System Coupled to a Bosonic Heat Bath -- 3.4 Example 3: Perturbative Master Equation for a Particle Interacting with a Quantum Field -- 3.5 Exact Master Equation for Quantum Brownian Motion -- 4 Einselection in Quantum Brownian Motion -- 4.1 Decoherence of a Superposition of Two Coherent States -- 4.2 Predictability Sieve and Preferred States for QBM -- 4.3 Energy Eigenstates Can Also Be Selected by the Environment! -- 5 Deconstructing Decoherence: Landscape Beyond the Standard Models -- 5.1 Saturation of the Decoherence Rate at Large Distances -- 5.2 Decoherence at Zero Temperature -- 5.3 Preexisting Correlations Between the System and the Environment -- 6 Decoherence and Chaos -- 6.1 Quantum Predictability Horizon: How the Correspondence Is Lost -- 6.2 Exponential Instability vs. Decoherence -- 6.3 The Arrow of Time: A Price of Classicality? -- 6.4 Decoherence, Einselection, and the Entropy Production -- 7 How to Fight Against Decoherence: Quantum Error Correcting Codes -- 7.1 How to Protect a Classical Bit -- 7.2 How to Protect a Quantum Bit -- 7.3 Stabilizer Quantum Error-Correcting Codes -- 8 Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Quantum Information Science Using Photons -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 A Humble Point of View -- 1.2 Quantum Mystery -- 1.3 Maxwell's Demon -- 1.4 Shannon Entropy -- 1.5 Von Neumann Entropy.
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2 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Bell's Inequalities -- 3 Producing Entangled Particles -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Parametric Down-Conversion -- 3.3 Franson's Proposal -- 3.4 Polarization Entanglement -- 4 The Beam Splitter Action on a Two-Photon State -- 4.1 Beamsplitter Transformation -- 4.2 Bell-State Analyzer -- 5 No-Cloning Theorem -- 6 Quantum Cryptography -- 7 Quantum Dense Coding -- 7.1 Theoretical Scheme -- 7.2 Experimental Dense Coding with Qubits -- 8 Quantum Teleportation -- 8.1 Theoretical Scheme -- 8.2 Experimental Quantum Teleportation of Qubits -- 8.3 Teleportation of Entanglement -- 8.4 A Two-Particle Scheme for Quantum Teleportation -- 9 Teleportation of Continuous Quantum Variables -- 9.1 Theoretical Scheme -- 9.2 Quantum Optical Implementation -- 10 Quantum Error Detection and Correction -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Quantum Error Detection -- 10.3 Avoiding Controlled-NOT Operations -- 10.4 Post-selection -- 11 Stimulated Entanglement -- 11.1 Theory -- 12 Bohm-Type Spin-s Entanglements -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Quantum Information: Entanglement, Purification, Error Correction, and Quantum Optical Implementations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Quantum Computers: Quantum Optical Implementations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 How to Construct a Quantum Computer -- 2.3 Physical Implementations for Quantum Computation -- 2.4 Quantum Optical Systems for Quantum Computation -- 2.5 Quantum Computation with Trapped Ions -- 3 Decoherence and Error Correction -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Decoherence -- 3.3 Error Correction -- 3.4 Error Correction and Decoherence -- 4 Entanglement of Pure States -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 2-Partite Entanglement: Definition -- 4.3 2-Partite Entanglement: Qualifying and Quantifying -- 4.4 Multipartite Entanglement -- 5 Entanglement of Mixed States -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 2-Partite Entanglement: Definition.
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5.3 2-Partite Entanglement: Entanglement Witnesses -- 5.4 2-Partite Entanglement: Positive Maps -- 5.5 2-Partite Entanglement: Entangled States with Positive Partial Transposition -- 5.6 Multipartite Entanglement -- 6 Entanglement Distillation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Generalized Measurements -- 6.3 Distillation of Pure States -- 6.4 Distillation of Mixed States -- 6.5 Multipartite Distillation -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Spintronics, Quantum Computing, and Quantum Communication in Quantum Dots -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Quantum Computing -- 1.2 Quantum Communication -- 1.3 General Remarks on Quantum Dots -- 2 Phase Coherence -- 3 Pulsed Switching and Adiabaticity -- 4 Initialization of a Quantum Register -- 5 Two-Qubit Operations in Coupled Quantum Dots -- 5.1 Laterally Coupled Dots -- 5.2 Vertically Coupled Dots -- 5.3 Singlet-Triplet Entangling Gate -- 6 Single-Spin Operations -- 7 Single-Spin Measurement -- 7.1 Spin Measurements Through Spontaneous Magnetization -- 7.2 Spin Measurements via the Charge -- 7.3 Quantum Dot as Spin Filter and Read-Out/Memory Device -- 7.4 Optical Measurements -- 8 Quantum Communication with Entangled Electrons -- 8.1 Adding Entangled Electrons to the Fermi Sea -- 8.2 Shot Noise of Entangled Electrons -- 8.3 Spin-Dependent Current Through a Double Dot-Probing Entanglement -- 8.4 Double Dot with Superconducting Leads -- Acknowledgments -- References.
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