Anmerkung: Cover -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Author's Note -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- PART ONE - Why do things happen the way they do? -- A How long is a piece of string? -- B The laws of Physics -- Gravity -- Salt mountain -- Black and White: Hot and Cold -- Spectrum -- Round the Bend -- Π (pi) -- The Tangent and the Chord -- The Speed of Light -- Eclipses -- Quartz Crystals -- Undiscovered Laws -- Summary -- C Evidence and how to assess it -- PART TWO - The Questions -- Introduction - Answerable and Unanswerable Questions -- Question 1: How did the Universe begin? -- 1 - The Arose on its own option -- 2 - The Always Existed Option -- 3 -The Creator Option -- Answer -- Question 2 - Are there other Universes? -- Answer -- Question 3 - How did life begin? -- 1 - The 'On its Own' option -- 2 - The Creator Option -- Answer -- Question 4 - How old are the Earth and the Universe? -- The Biblical Option versus the Scientific Option -- Answer -- Question 5 - Do UFOs exist? -- Where are they from? -- Why is there no Physical Evidence? -- Answer -- Question 6 - Have Alien Astronauts visited Earth? -- Answer -- Question 7 - Alien Encounters: True o False? -- George Adamski -- Betty and Barney Hill -- Answer -- Question 8 - Is there Extra-Terrestrial Intelligent Life? -- Communication with Extra-Terrestrial Civilisations -- The Probability of Extra-Terrestrial Life -- Extra-Terrestrial Life did Exist But is now Extinct -- Answer -- Question 9 - Could we travel to other Galaxies? -- Travel at Faster than Light Speeds -- Travel through Worm Holes in Space -- Answer -- Question 10 - Is Time Travel Possible? -- Travelling Back in Time -- Travelling Forward in Time -- Answer -- Question 11 - Does Astrology Work? -- Horoscopes -- Answer -- Question 12 - Do coincidences mean anything? -- The Birthday Surprise -- Dreams that Come True. , The Wreck of the Titan -- Chance Meetings -- Laura Buxton's Balloon -- The Meissen Plate -- Total Eclipse of the Sun -- Answer -- Question 13 - Does Prayer Work? -- Answer -- Question 14 - Could we Live Forever? -- Answer -- Question 15 - What Happens when we Die? -- Nothing -- Something -- Question 16 - Is there a Creator? -- Religions -- Christianity -- Islam -- Hinduism -- Atheism -- Chinese Traditional (Folk) -- Buddhism -- Sikhism -- Judaism -- The Creation of the Universe -- The Creation of Life -- To Act Upon Prayers -- Some Difficult Questions -- Answer -- Question 17 - How and When will the World End? -- Man-Made Scenarios -- Natural Scenarios -- Gamma Ray Burst -- Other Natural Events -- The Death of The Sun -- The Big Crunch -- The Expanding Universe -- The Death of the Universe -- Answer -- Question 18 - Will We Ever know Everything? -- Eyes that are Sensitive to the Entire Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Eyes with Zoom Lenses -- Photographic Memory -- The Ability to Biosynthesise Vitamins -- Immunity to Infectious Diseases -- Answer -- And Finally... -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X, Y, Z.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Contents -- Introduction -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: First Principles DFT Studies of Metal-Based Biological and Biomimetic Systems -- Chapter 2: Structural and Thermodynamic Studies of α-Synuclein Proteins Related to Parkinson's Disease: Impact of Aqueous Solution and Fe3+ Coordination -- Chapter 3: Carbohydrate and Trivalent Iron Ion Interactions in the Gas Phase and in Aqueous Solution -- Chapter 4: Aqueous Solutions of Metal Ions -- Chapter 5: Structure of Liquid Metal Surfaces: A First Principles Perspective -- Chapter 6: Some Practical Considerations for Density Functional Theory Studies of Chemistry at Metal Surfaces -- Chapter 7: Computational Investigations of Metal Oxide Surfaces -- Chapter 8: Tight Binding Methods for Metallic Systems -- Chapter 9: Density Functional Calculations of Metal Clusters: Structure, Dynamics, and Reactivity -- Chapter 10: Density Functional Theory Calculations on Cobalt and Platinum Transition Metal Clusters -- Chapter 11: Exploring the Borderland between Physics and Chemistry: Theoretical Methods in the Study of Atomic Clusters -- Back Cover.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Micro & -- Nano Technologies Series -- Micromixers: Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface for the second edition -- Symbols -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 Micromixers and Mixing in Microscale -- 1.2 Micromixers as Microreactors -- 1.3 Organization of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2 - Fundamentals of mass transport in the microscale -- 2.1 Transport Phenomena -- 2.2 Molecular Diffusion -- 2.3 Taylor Dispersion -- 2.4 Chaotic Advection -- 2.5 Viscoelastic effects -- 2.6 Electrokinetic Effects -- 2.7 Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects -- 2.8 Scaling Law and Fluid Flow in Microscale -- References -- Chapter 3 - Computational transport processes for micromixers∗ -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Problem Description -- 3.3 Mathematical Formulation -- 3.4 Solution Procedure -- 3.5 Verifications and Validations -- 3.6 Examples -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4 - Fabrication technologies -- 4.1 Silicon-Based Microtechnologies -- 4.2 Polymeric Microtechnologies -- 4.3 Metallic Microtechnologies -- 4.4 Packaging -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 - Micromixers based on molecular diffusion -- 5.1 Parallel Lamination -- 5.2 Sequential Lamination -- 5.3 Sequential Segmentation -- 5.4 Segmentation Based on Injection -- 5.5 Focusing of Mixing Streams -- 5.6 Gradient Generator Based on Diffusive Mixing -- References -- Chapter 6 - Micromixers based on chaotic advection -- 6.1 Chaotic Advection at High Reynolds Numbers -- 6.2 Chaotic Advection at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers -- 6.3 Chaotic Advection at Low Reynolds Numbers -- 6.4 Chaotic Advection in Multiphase Flow -- References -- Chapter 7 - Active micromixers -- 7.1 Flow Instability in Microchannels -- 7.2 Pressure-driven Disturbance -- 7.3 Electrohydrodynamic Disturbance -- 7.4 Dielectrophoretic Disturbance. , 7.5 Electrokinetic Disturbance -- 7.6 Magnetohydrodynamic Disturbance -- 7.7 Acoustic Disturbance -- 7.8 Thermal Disturbance -- References -- Chapter 8 - Characterization techniques -- 8.1 Imaging Techniques -- 8.2 Measurement Using Optical Microscopy -- 8.3 Quantification Methods for Micromixers -- References -- Chapter 9 - Application of micromixers -- 9.1 Chemical Industry -- 9.2 Applications in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis -- 9.3 Outlook -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- Preface and acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 Agricultural ecosystems -- Before modern pesticides and fertilisers -- What lives in a crop? -- Predator-prey cycle -- Understanding the type of interaction -- 2 Pesticides -- Insecticide resistance -- Cross-resistance -- Residues in produce -- withholding periods -- Non-target mortality -- Disruption of biological control (primary and secondary pests) -- Insecticide resistance and beneficial species -- Selective insecticides -- 'Safe' insecticides? -- Insecticide Resistance Management Strategies (IRM) -- Zero tolerance -- Pesticides: problems and how they can fit with other management options -- Pheromones -- Conclusion: minimal pesticide use -- 3 Pest species -- Lifecycles and life stages -- Pest response when biological control is disrupted -- When classical biological control is lost -- When existing biocontrol agents are disrupted -- Where do pests come from? -- 4 Beneficial species (biological control agents) -- Predators or parasitoids -- Commercially produced beneficials -- Examples of commercially available beneficial species -- Lifecycles -- Movement of beneficial species -- Naturally occurring beneficial species -- Common questions about beneficial species -- Effectiveness of biological control -- 5 Cultural controls -- What are cultural controls? -- Manipulating non-crop plantings for pest management -- Controlling weeds -- Plant health -- Crop hygiene -- Cocoa pod borer -- 6 Integrating control measures to maximise degree of control -- Integrating the three control measures available -- The role of monitoring -- Making changes in pest management -- Decision-making -- A crisis in pest control -- Two examples of pest control -- 7 Changes in scientific assessment -- Changes in scientific assessment and information loss. , Factors influencing successful control of pests -- Future strategies -- 8 Examples of changing pest management: specific crops -- Changing to IPM -- Where a change to IPM did not work -- 'We tried IPM and it did not work' -- Successful examples of change to IPM -- A final point -- Glossary -- Common and scientific names of species mentioned in this book -- Species mentioned, listed by scientific name -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Der Bayerische Landtag -- Die Bayerischen Staatsbehörden -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Unterricht und Kultus -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium der Finanzen -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Infrastruktur, Verkehr und Technologie -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung, Familie und Frauen -- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Gesundheit -- Bundesrepublik Deutschland -- Behörden und Dienststellen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Bayern -- Kommunale Verwaltung Bayerns -- Religionsgemeinschaften -- Vereinigungen, Verbände und Organisationen -- Kreditinstitute -- Messen und Ausstellungen -- Statistischer Überblick -- Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- Personenregister -- Sach- und Institutionenregister.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Nomenclature -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. System Modeling and Identification -- Chapter 3. Basic Approach to High-Speed Precision Motion Control -- Chapter 4. Ultra-Fast Motion Control -- Chapter 5. Ultra-Precise Position Control -- Chapter 6. Control Design for Consumer Electronics -- Chapter 7. HDD Benchmark Problem -- Back Cover.

Anmerkung: Gravel-bed Rivers: Processes, Tools, Environments -- Contents -- List of Contributing Authors -- Preface -- SECONDARY FLOWS IN RIVERS -- 1 Secondary Flows in Rivers: Theoretical Framework, Recent Advances, and Current Challenges -- 2 Secondary Flows in Rivers: The Effect of Complex Geometry -- 3 Aspects of Secondary Flow in Open Channels: A Critical Literature Review -- SEDIMENT TRANSPORT -- 4 Gravel Transport in Granular Perspective -- 5 On Gravel Exchange in Natural Channels -- MODELLING MORPHODYNAMICS -- 6 Morphodynamics of Bars in Gravel-bed Rivers: Bridging Analytical Models and Field Observations -- 7 Field Observations of Gravel-bed River Morphodynamics: Perspectives and Critical Issues for Testing of Models -- 8 Morphodynamics of Bars in Gravel-bed Rivers: Coupling Hydraulic Geometry and Analytical Models -- 9 Modelling Sediment Transport and Morphodynamics of Gravel-bed Rivers -- 10 The Potential of using High-resolution Process Models to Inform Parameterizations of Morphodynamic Models -- 11 The Importance of Off-channel Sediment Storage in 1-D Morphodynamic Modelling -- RIVER RESTORATION AND REGULATION -- 12 Stream Restoration in Gravel-bed Rivers -- 13 River Restoration: Widening Perspectives -- 14 Restoring Geomorphic Resilience in Streams -- 15 The Geomorphic Response of Gravel-bed Rivers to Dams: Perspectives and Prospects -- 16 Mitigating Downstream Effects of Dams -- ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GRAVEL-BED RIVERS -- 17 River Geomorphology and Salmonid Habitat: Some Examples Illustrating their Complex Association, from Redd to Riverscape Scales -- 18 Incorporating Spatial Context into the Analysis of Salmonid-Habitat Relations -- 19 Animals and the Geomorphology of Gravel-bed Rivers -- 20 Geomorphology and Gravel-bed River Ecosystem Services: Workshop Outcomes -- TOOLS FOR STUDY. , 21 Remote Sensing of the Hydraulic Environment in Gravel-bed Rivers -- 22 LiDAR and ADCP Use in Gravel-bed Rivers: Advances Since GBR6 -- 23 Remotely Sensed Topographic Change in Gravel Riverbeds with Flowing Channels -- 24 Modern Digital Instruments and Techniques for Hydrodynamic and Morphologic Characterization of River Channels -- 25 Mapping Water and Sediment Flux Distributions in Gravel-bed Rivers Using ADCPs -- STEEP CHANNELS -- 26 Recent Advances in the Dynamics of Steep Channels -- 27 Examining Individual Step Stability within Step-pool Sequences -- 28 Alluvial Steep Channels: Flow Resistance, Bedload Transport Prediction, and Transition to Debris Flows -- SEMI-ALLUVIAL CHANNELS -- 29 Semi-alluvial Channels and Sediment-Flux-Driven Bedrock Erosion -- 30 Transport Capacity, Bedrock Exposure, and Process Domains -- 31 Nomenclature, Complexity, Semi-alluvial Channels and Sediment-flux-driven Bedrock Erosion -- RIVER CHANNEL CHANGE -- 32 Changes in Channel Morphology Over Human Time Scales -- 33 Channel Response and Recovery to Changes in Sediment Supply -- 34 Alluvial Landscape Evolution: What Do We Know About Metamorphosis of Gravel-bed Meandering and Braided Streams? -- 35 Differences in Sediment Supply to Braided and Single-Thread River Channels: What Do the Data Tell Us? -- 36 Can We Link Cause and Effect in Landscape Evolution? -- ICE IN GRAVEL-BED RIVERS -- 37 River-Ice Effects on Gravel-Bed Channels -- 38 Is There a Northern Signature on Fluvial Form? -- 39 Long-term and Large-scale River-ice Processes in Cold-region Watersheds -- Index -- Colour Plates.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- The Enzymes: Structure, Function and Regulation of TOR complexes from Yeasts to Mammals Part B -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: mTORC1-Mediated Control of Protein Translation -- II. Introduction -- III. mTORC1 Targets and Control of Translation -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: The TSC1-TSC2 Complex: A Key Signal-Integrating Node Upstream of TOR -- II. Introduction -- III. Downstream Functions: Regulation of the TOR Complexes by the TSC1-TSC2 Complex -- IV. Upstream Regulation: The TSC1-TSC2 Complex Integrates Diverse Signals to Regulate mTORC1 -- V. Aberrant Inhibition of the TSC1-TSC2 Complex Leading to Activation of mTORC1 in the Majority of Human Tumors -- VI. Important Outstanding Questions Concerning the TSC1-TSC2 Complex -- References -- Chapter 3: AMPK Control of mTOR Signaling and Growth -- II. AMPK is an Energy Sensing Kinase -- III. mTOR is a Central Conserved Regulator of Growth and Metabolism -- IV. AMPK Inhibits mTORC1 Through Phosphorylation of TSC2 and Raptor -- V. AMPK and mTOR Have Opposing Roles in Specialized Metabolic Tissues in Mammals -- VI. AMPK and TOR Function in Model Organisms to Control Growth, Metabolism, Autophagy, and Aging -- VII. Therapeutic Implications -- VIII. Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: mTOR Signaling by Amino Acid Nutrients: Involvement of MAP4K3 -- II. Nutrient Signaling to mTOR: Introduction -- III. The Sensing of Amino Acid Nutrients -- IV. Amino Acid Transporters and mTOR Signaling -- V. Evidence That Intracellular Signaling Molecules Relay the Presence of Amino Acid Sufficiency to mTORC1 -- VI. MAP4K3 Participates in Amino Acid Signaling and Maintenance of Cell Size -- VII. MAP4K3 Promotes Apoptosis via Regulation of the BH3-Only Proteins -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: mTORC2: The Other Facet of mTOR. , II. Structure of mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2) -- III. Role of mTORC2 -- IV. Regulation of mTORC2 -- V. Potential of mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment -- References -- Chapter 6: TORC2 and Chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum -- II. Introduction -- III. The Life Cycle of D. discoideum -- IV. The Components of TORC2-PDK-PKB Pathway in D. discoideum -- V. The Signal Transduction Pathway for Chemotaxis -- VI. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: The TOR-Mediated Regulation of Autophagy in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- II. Autophagy and ATG Genes in Yeast -- III. Induction of Autophagy by Nutrient Limitation -- IV. Induction of Autophagy by TOR Inactivation -- V. Regulation of Atg1 Kinase Complex by TOR Complex1 -- VI. Phosphorylation of Atg13 by TORC1 to Regulate Autophagy -- VII. ULK Complex: Mammalian Counterpart of Yeast Atg1 Complex -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: Conservation of the Tsc/Rheb/TORC1/S6K/S6 Signaling in Fission Yeast -- II. Introduction -- III. Overview of the TSC/Rheb/TORC1 Signaling in Fission Yeast -- IV. PAS Assay and Detection of S6 in Fission Yeast -- V. S6 Kinase in Fission Yeast -- VI. Regulation of the TORC1 Signaling -- VII. Effect of Rapamycin on the TORC1 Signaling -- VIII. Future Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: The Systemic Control of Growth, Physiology, and Behavior by TOR Signaling in Drosophila -- II. Introduction -- III. Growth Rate -- IV. Developmental Timing -- V. Feeding Behavior -- VI. Fertility -- VII. Control of Lifespan -- References -- Chapter 10: Cell-Intrinsic Functions and Regulation of TOR Signaling in Drosophila -- II. Introduction -- III. Genetic Screens: Identification of Network Components and Their Relationships -- IV. Identification and Analysis of TOR-Dependent Cellular Functions in Drosophila. , References -- Chapter 11: TOR Signaling and Cell Death -- II. Introduction: Overview of the TOR Signaling Pathway -- III. Anti-Cell Death Functions of TOR -- IV. Cell Death Associated with the Upregulation of TOR -- V. Autophagy Protects Cells from Neurodegenerative Diseases -- VI. Conclusions and Prospectives -- References -- Chapter 12: Elucidating TOR Signaling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- II. Introduction -- III. Inhibition of TOR Signaling by Rapamycin in Chlamydomonas -- IV. TOR Complexes -- V. Control of Autophagy by TOR -- VI. Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13: mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Energy Homeostasis -- II. Introduction -- III. mTORC1 in the Hypothalamus -- IV. mTORC1 in Pancreatic beta-Cells -- V. mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Adipose Tissue -- VI. mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Muscle -- VII. mTORC1 in the Liver -- VIII. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14: TOR Signaling and Aging -- II. Introduction -- III. TOR and Aging in S. cerevisiae -- IV. TOR and Aging in C. elegans -- V. TOR and Aging in Drosophila -- VI. TOR and Aging in Mammals -- VII. Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: mTOR Signaling and Human Cancer -- II. Introduction -- III. Frequent Activation of the mTOR Signaling in Human Cancer -- IV. Identification of mTOR Mutations in Human Cancer -- V. Inhibitors of the mTOR Signaling -- VI. Future Prospects -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 16: Systems Biology and TOR: Past, Present, and Future -- II. Introduction -- III. Genome-Wide Approach to Defining the TOR Network -- IV. Integration of Data -- V. Computational Modeling and Prediction -- VI. Future: TOR and Cancer -- References -- Author Index -- Index.

Anmerkung: The Duffing Equation: Nonlinear Oscillators and their Behaviour -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Background: On Georg Duffing and the Duffing equation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Historical perspective -- 1.3 A brief biography of Georg Duffing -- 1.4 The work of Georg Duffing -- 1.5 Contents of Duffing's book -- 1.5.1 Description of Duffing's book -- 1.5.2 Reviews of Duffing's book -- 1.6 Research inspired by Duffing's work -- 1.6.1 1918-1952 -- 1.6.2 1962 to the present day -- 1.7 Some other books on nonlinear dynamics -- 1.8 Overview of this book -- References -- 2 Examples of physical systems described by the Duffing equation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nonlinear stiffness -- 2.3 The pendulum -- 2.4 Example of geometrical nonlinearity -- 2.5 A system consisting of the pendulum and nonlinear stiffness -- 2.6 Snap-through mechanism -- 2.7 Nonlinear isolator -- 2.7.1 Quasi-zero stiffness isolator -- 2.8 Large deflection of a beam with nonlinear stiffness -- 2.9 Beam with nonlinear stiffness due to inplane tension -- 2.10 Nonlinear cable vibrations -- 2.11 Nonlinear electrical circuit -- 2.11.1 The electrical circuit studied by Ueda -- 2.12 Summary -- References -- 3 Free vibration of a Duffing oscillator with viscous damping -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fixed points and their stability -- 3.2.1 Case when the nontrivial fixed points do not exist (αγ > -- 0) -- 3.2.2 Case when the nontrivial fixed points exist (αγ < -- 0) -- 3.2.3 Variation of phase portraits depending on linear stiffness and linear damping -- 3.3 Local bifurcation analysis -- 3.3.1 Bifurcation from trivial fixed points -- 3.3.2 Bifurcation from nontrivial fixed points -- 3.4 Global analysis for softening nonlinear stiffness (γ < -- 0) -- 3.4.1 Phase portraits -- 3.4.2 Global bifurcation analysis -- 3.5 Global analysis for hardening nonlinear stiffness (γ > -- 0). , 3.5.1 Phase portraits -- 3.5.2 Global bifurcation analysis -- 3.6 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Analysis techniques for the various forms of the Duffing equation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Exact solution for free oscillations of the Duffing equation with cubic nonlinearity -- 4.2.1 The frequency and period of free oscillations of the Duffing oscillator -- 4.2.2 Discussion -- 4.3 The elliptic harmonic balance method -- 4.3.1 The Duffing equation with a strong quadratic term -- 4.3.2 The Duffing equation with damping -- 4.3.3 The harmonically excited Duffing oscillator -- 4.3.4 The harmonically excited pure cubic Duffing equation -- 4.4 The elliptic Galerkin method -- 4.4.1 Duffing oscillator with a strong excitation force of elliptic type -- 4.5 The straightforward expansion method -- 4.5.1 The Duffing equation with a small quadratic term -- 4.6 The elliptic Lindstedt-Poincaré method -- 4.6.1 The Duffing equation with a small quadratic term -- 4.7 Averaging methods -- 4.7.1 The generalised elliptic averaging method -- 4.7.2 Elliptic Krylov-Bogolubov (EKB) method for the pure cubic Duffing oscillator -- 4.8 Elliptic homotopy methods -- 4.8.1 The elliptic homotopy perturbation method -- 4.8.2 The elliptic homotopy analysis method -- 4.9 Summary -- References -- Appendix 4AI: Jacobi elliptic functions and elliptic integrals -- Appendix 4AII: The best L2 norm approximation -- 5 Forced harmonic vibration of a Duffing oscillator with linear viscous damping -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Free and forced responses of the linear oscillator -- 5.2.1 Free oscillations and timescales -- 5.2.2 Forced oscillations -- 5.3 Amplitude and phase responses of the Duffing oscillator -- 5.3.1 Primary resonance -- 5.3.2 Secondary resonances -- 5.4 Periodic solutions, Poincaré sections, and bifurcations -- 5.4.1 Periodic solutions. , 5.4.2 Poincaré section and Poincaré map -- 5.4.3 The Ueda oscillator -- 5.4.4 Bifurcations and chaos in the Duffing oscillator with a softening spring -- 5.5 Global dynamics -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- 6 Forced harmonic vibration of a Duffing oscillator with different damping mechanisms -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Classification of nonlinear characteristics -- 6.2.1 Stiffness force -- 6.2.2 Damping force -- 6.2.3 Equivalent viscous damping -- 6.3 Harmonically excited Duffing oscillator with generalised damping -- 6.4 Viscous damping -- 6.4.1 Harmonic solution for a hardening system -- 6.4.2 Harmonic solution for a softening system -- 6.4.3 Superharmonic and subharmonic response -- 6.4.4 Chaotic and other types of responses -- 6.4.5 Experimental and numerical results -- 6.5 Nonlinear damping in a hardening system -- 6.5.1 Harmonic solution -- 6.5.2 Stability analysis -- 6.5.3 Chaotic motion -- 6.5.4 Coulomb damping -- 6.6 Nonlinear damping in a softening system -- 6.7 Nonlinear damping in a double-well potential oscillator -- 6.8 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Forced harmonic vibration in a Duffing oscillator with negative linear stiffness and linear viscous damping -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Literature survey -- 7.2.1 Former numerical studies and approximate criteria for chaos -- 7.2.2 Refined computational investigations -- 7.2.3 Control of nonlinear dynamics -- 7.3 Dynamics of conservative and nonconservative systems -- 7.3.1 The conservative case -- 7.3.2 The effect of damping -- 7.3.3 The effect of the excitation -- 7.4 Nonlinear periodic oscillations -- 7.5 Transition to complex response -- 7.5.1 Bifurcation diagrams, behaviour chart and basins of attraction -- 7.5.2 Analytical prediction via the Melnikov method -- 7.6 Nonclassical analyses -- 7.6.1 Control of homoclinic bifurcation -- 7.6.2 Dynamical integrity -- 7.7 Summary. , References -- 8 Forced harmonic vibration of an asymmetric Duffing oscillator -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Models of the systems under consideration -- 8.3 Regular response of the pure cubic oscillator -- 8.3.1 Primary resonance: transient solution -- 8.3.2 Primary resonance: steady-state solution -- 8.3.3 Some secondary resonance responses -- 8.4 Regular response of the single-well Helmholtz-Duffing oscillator -- 8.4.1 Primary resonance response via perturbation method -- 8.4.2 Frequency-response curves -- 8.4.3 Analysis of the steady-state response: coexisting attractors -- 8.4.4 Some secondary resonance responses -- 8.5 Chaotic response of the pure cubic oscillator -- 8.5.1 A cascade of period-doubling bifurcations as a route to chaos: analytical considerations -- 8.5.2 A cascade of period-doubling bifurcations: numerical simulations -- 8.6 Chaotic response of the single-well Helmholtz-Duffing oscillator -- 8.6.1 Routes to chaos -- 8.7 Summary -- References -- Appendix: Translation of sections from Duffing's original book -- Glossary -- Index.

Anmerkung: APPLIED INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- List of Symbols -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Induction Motor -- 1.2 Induction Motor Control -- 1.3 Review of Previous Work -- 1.3.1 Scalar Control -- 1.3.2 Vector Control -- 1.3.3 Speed Sensorless Control -- 1.3.4 Intelligent Control of Induction Motor -- 1.3.5 Application Status and Research Trends of Induction Motor Control -- 1.4 Present Study -- References -- 2 Philosophy of Induction Motor Control -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Induction Motor Control Theory -- 2.2.1 Nonlinear Feedback Control -- 2.2.2 Induction Motor Models -- 2.2.3 Field-Oriented Control -- 2.2.4 Direct Self Control -- 2.2.5 Acceleration Control Proposed -- 2.2.6 Need for Intelligent Control -- 2.2.7 Intelligent Induction Motor Control Schemes -- 2.3 Induction Motor Control Algorithms -- 2.4 Speed Estimation Algorithms -- 2.5 Hardware -- References -- 3 Modeling and Simulation of Induction Motor -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Modeling of Induction Motor -- 3.3 Current-Input Model of Induction Motor -- 3.3.1 Current (3/2) Rotating Transformation Sub-Model -- 3.3.2 Electrical Sub-Model -- 3.3.3 Mechanical Sub-Model -- 3.3.4 Simulation of Current-Input Model of Induction Motor -- 3.4 Voltage-Input Model of Induction Motor -- 3.4.1 Simulation Results of 'Motor 1' -- 3.4.2 Simulation Results of 'Motor 2' -- 3.4.3 Simulation Results of 'Motor 3' -- 3.5 Discrete-State Model of Induction Motor -- 3.6 Modeling and Simulation of Sinusoidal PWM -- 3.7 Modeling and Simulation of Encoder -- 3.8 Modeling of Decoder -- 3.9 Simulation of Induction Motor with PWM Inverter and Encoder/Decoder -- 3.10 MATLAB® /Simulink Programming Examples -- 3.11 Summary -- References -- 4 Fundamentals of Intelligent Control Simulation -- 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Getting Started with Fuzzy Logic Simulation -- 4.2.1 Fuzzy Logic Control -- 4.2.2 Example: Fuzzy PI Controller -- 4.3 Getting Started with Neural-Network Simulation -- 4.3.1 Artificial Neural Network -- 4.3.2 Example: Implementing Park's Transformation Using ANN -- 4.4 Getting Started with Kalman Filter Simulation -- 4.4.1 Kalman Filter -- 4.4.2 Example: Signal Estimation in the Presence of Noise by Kalman Filter -- 4.5 Getting Started with Genetic Algorithm Simulation -- 4.5.1 Genetic Algorithm -- 4.5.2 Example: Optimizing a Simulink Model by Genetic Algorithm -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- 5 Expert-System-based Acceleration Control -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Relationship between the Stator Voltage Vector and Rotor Acceleration -- 5.3 Analysis of Motor Acceleration of the Rotor -- 5.4 Control Strategy of Voltage Vector Comparison and Voltage Vector Retaining -- 5.5 Expert-System Control for Induction Motor -- 5.6 Computer Simulation and Comparison -- 5.6.1 The First Simulation Example -- 5.6.2 The Second Simulation Example -- 5.6.3 The Third Simulation Example -- 5.6.4 The Fourth Simulation Example -- 5.6.5 The Fifth Simulation Example -- 5.7 Summary -- References -- 6 Hybrid Fuzzy/PI Two-Stage Control -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Two-Stage Control Strategy for an Induction Motor -- 6.3 Fuzzy Frequency Control -- 6.3.1 Fuzzy Database -- 6.3.2 Fuzzy Rulebase -- 6.3.3 Fuzzy Inference -- 6.3.4 Defuzzification -- 6.3.5 Fuzzy Frequency Controller -- 6.4 Current Magnitude PI Control -- 6.5 Hybrid Fuzzy/PI Two-Stage Controller for an Induction Motor -- 6.6 Simulation Study on a 7.5 kW Induction Motor -- 6.6.1 Comparison with Field-Oriented Control -- 6.6.2 Effects of Parameter Variation -- 6.6.3 Effects of Noise in the Measured Speed and Input Current -- 6.6.4 Effects of Magnetic Saturation -- 6.6.5 Effects of Load Torque Variation. , 6.7 Simulation Study on a 0.147 kW Induction Motor -- 6.8 MATLAB® /Simulink Programming Examples -- 6.8.1 Programming Example 1: Voltage-Input Model of an Induction Motor -- 6.8.2 Programming Example 2: Fuzzy/PI Two-Stage Controller -- 6.9 Summary -- References -- 7 Neural-Network-based Direct Self Control -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Neural Networks -- 7.3 Neural-Network Controller of DSC -- 7.3.1 Flux Estimation Sub-Net -- 7.3.2 Torque Calculation Sub-Net -- 7.3.3 Flux Angle Encoder and Flux Magnitude Calculation Sub-Net -- 7.3.4 Hysteresis Comparator Sub-Net -- 7.3.5 Optimum Switching Table Sub-Net -- 7.3.6 Linking of Neural Networks -- 7.4 Simulation of Neural-Network-based DSC -- 7.5 MATLAB® /Simulink Programming Examples -- 7.5.1 Programming Example 1: Direct Self Controller -- 7.5.2 Programming Example 2: Neural-Network-based OptimumSwitching Table -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8 Parameter Estimation Using Neural Networks -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Integral Equations Based on the 'T' Equivalent Circuit -- 8.3 Integral Equations based on the 'Γ' Equivalent Circuit -- 8.4 Parameter Estimation of Induction Motor Using ANN -- 8.4.1 Estimation of Electrical Parameters -- 8.4.2 ANN-based Mechanical Model -- 8.4.3 Simulation Studies -- 8.5 ANN-based Induction Motor Models -- 8.6 Effect of Noise in Training Data on Estimated Parameters -- 8.7 Estimation of Load, Flux and Speed -- 8.7.1 Estimation of Load -- 8.7.2 Estimation of Stator Flux -- 8.7.3 Estimation of Rotor Speed -- 8.8 MATLAB® /Simulink Programming Examples -- 8.8.1 Programming Example 1: Field-Oriented Control (FOC) System -- 8.8.2 Programming Example 2: Sensorless Control of Induction Motor -- 8.9 Summary -- References -- 9 GA-Optimized Extended Kalman Filter for Speed Estimation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Extended State Model of Induction Motor. , 9.3 Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm for Rotor Speed Estimation -- 9.3.1 Prediction of State -- 9.3.2 Estimation of Error Covariance Matrix -- 9.3.3 Computation of Kalman Filter Gain -- 9.3.4 State Estimation -- 9.3.5 Update of the Error Covariance Matrix -- 9.4 Optimized Extended Kalman Filter -- 9.5 Optimizing the Noise Matrices of EKF Using GA -- 9.6 Speed Estimation for a Sensorless Direct Self Controller -- 9.7 Speed Estimation for a Field-Oriented Controller -- 9.8 MATLAB® /Simulink Programming Examples -- 9.8.1 Programming Example 1: Voltage-Frequency Controlled (VFC) Drive -- 9.8.2 Programming Example 2: GA-Optimized EKF for Speed Estimation -- 9.8.3 Programming Example 3: GA-based EKF Sensorless Voltage-Frequency Controlled Drive -- 9.8.4 Programming Example 4: GA-based EKF Sensorless FOC Induction Motor Drive -- 9.9 Summary -- References -- 10 Optimized Random PWM Strategies Based on Genetic Algorithms -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 PWM Performance Evaluation -- 10.2.1 Fourier Analysis of PWM Waveform -- 10.2.2 Harmonic Evaluation of Typical Waveforms -- 10.3 Random PWM Methods -- 10.3.1 Random Carrier-Frequency PWM -- 10.3.2 Random Pulse-Position PWM -- 10.3.3 Random Pulse-Width PWM -- 10.3.4 Hybrid Random Pulse-Position and Pulse-Width PWM -- 10.3.5 Harmonic Evaluation Results -- 10.4 Optimized Random PWM Based on Genetic Algorithm -- 10.4.1 GA-Optimized Random Carrier-Frequency PWM -- 10.4.2 GA-Optimized Random-Pulse-Position PWM -- 10.4.3 GA-Optimized Random-Pulse-Width PWM -- 10.4.4 GA-Optimized Hybrid Random Pulse-Position and Pulse-Width PWM -- 10.4.5 Evaluation of Various GA-Optimized Random PWM Inverters -- 10.4.6 Switching Loss of GA-Optimized Random Single-Phase PWM Inverters -- 10.4.7 Linear Modulation Range of GA-Optimized Random Single-Phase PWM Inverters -- 10.4.8 Implementation of GA-Optimized Random Single-Phase PWM Inverter. , 10.4.9 Limitations of Reference Sinusoidal Frequency of GA-Optimized Random PWM Inverters -- 10.5 MATLAB® /Simulink Programming Examples -- 10.5.1 Programming Example 1: A Single-Phase Sinusoidal PWM -- 10.5.2 Programming Example 2: Evaluation of a Four-Pulse Wave -- 10.5.3 Programming Example 3: Random Carrier-Frequency PWM -- 10.6 Experiments on Various PWM Strategies -- 10.6.1 Implementation of PWM Methods Using DSP -- 10.6.2 Experimental Results -- 10.7 Summary -- References -- 11 Experimental Investigations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Experimental Hardware Design for Induction Motor Control -- 11.2.1 Hardware Description -- 11.3 Software Development Method -- 11.4 Experiment 1: Determination of Motor Parameters -- 11.5 Experiment 2: Induction Motor Run Up -- 11.5.1 Program Design -- 11.5.2 Program Debug -- 11.5.3 Experimental Investigations -- 11.6 Experiment 3: Implementation of Fuzzy/PI Two-Stage Controller -- 11.6.1 Program Design -- 11.6.2 Program Debug -- 11.6.3 Performance Tests -- 11.7 Experiment 4: Speed Estimation Using a GA-Optimized Extended Kalman Filter -- 11.7.1 Program Design -- 11.7.2 GA-EKF Experimental Method -- 11.7.3 GA-EKF Experiments -- 11.7.4 Limitations of GA-EKF -- 11.8 DSP Programming Examples -- 11.8.1 Generation of 3-Phase Sinusoidal PWM -- 11.8.2 RTDX Programming -- 11.8.3 ADC Programming -- 11.8.4 CAP Programming -- 11.9 Summary -- References -- 12 Conclusions and Future Developments -- 12.1 Main Contributions of the Book -- 12.2 Industrial Application of New Induction Motor Drives -- 12.3 Future Developments -- 12.3.1 Expert-System-based Acceleration Control -- 12.3.2 Hybrid Fuzzy/PI Two-Stage Control -- 12.3.3 Neural-Network-based Direct Self Control -- 12.3.4 Genetic Algorithm for an Extended Kalman Filter -- 12.3.5 Parameter Estimation Using Neural Networks. , 12.3.6 Optimized Random PWM Strategies Based on Genetic Algorithms.