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  • 1
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    Vertebral number is highly evolvable in salamanders and newts (family Salamandridae) and variably associated with climatic parameters (2015)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 84 no. 2, pp. 85-113
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: In vertebrates, the relative proportion of the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae is an important determinant of body shape. While among amphibians frogs and toads show low variation in vertebrae numbers, in salamanders the numbers of trunk and caudal vertebrae vary widely, giving rise to phenotypes in the range from short-bodied and long-tailed to long-bodied and short-tailed. We analysed vertebral numbers in the family Salamandridae in a phylogenetic context and calculated the relationship between vertebral changes and changes in climate and other environmental parameters. A significant association was found between morphological change with precipitation and temperature. However, annual precipitation affected the two main groups of salamandrid salamanders differently, with trunk elongation in the terrestrial \xe2\x80\x98true salamanders\xe2\x80\x99 and tail elongation in the more aquatic \xe2\x80\x98newts\xe2\x80\x99. A - male biased - sexual dimorphism was only observed in Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris in the number of trunk vertebrae and in Ommatotriton ophryticus and Lissotriton species for the number of caudal vertebrae. Our data indicated that the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae are highly evolvable traits with frequent evolutionary reversals. In some groups (e.g. Cynops, Lyciasalamandra, Neurergus and the Laotriton-Pachytriton-Paramesotriton clade) the number of trunk vertebrae is stable, while in many groups it is subject to change (e.g. Tylototriton). This latter, species-rich genus appears to be an excellent group to further test effects of the environment on body shape.
    Keywords: ancestral character states ; body shape ; climatic niche ; comparative method ; phylogeny ; vertebral column
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    A quantitative assessment of the vegetation types on the island of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean (2016)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  Global Ecology and Conservation vol. 7, pp. 59-69
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Caribbean dry forests are among the most endangered tropical ecosystems on earth. Several studies exist on their floristic composition and their recovery after natural or man-made disturbances, but little is known on the small Dutch Caribbean islands. In this study, we present quantitative data on plant species richness and abundance on St. Eustatius, one of the smallest islands of the Lesser Antilles. We collected and identified trees, shrubs, lianas and herbs in 11 plots of 25 x 25 m in different vegetation types. We compared their floristic composition and structure to vegetation surveys from roughly the same locations in the 1990s and 1950s. We found substantial differences among our 11 plots: vegetation types varied from evergreen forests to deciduous shrubland and open woodland. The number of tree species \xe2\x89\xa5 10 cm DBH ranged between one and 17, and their density between three and 82 per plot. In spite that all plots were subject to grazing by free roaming cattle, canopy height and floristic diversity have increased in the last decades. Invasive species are present in the open vegetation types, but not under (partly) closed canopy. Comparison with the earlier surveys showed that the decline of agriculture and conservation efforts resulted in the regeneration of dry forests between the 1950s and 2015. This process has also been reported from nearby islands and offers good opportunities for the future conservation of Caribbean dry forests.
    Keywords: Nature and Landscape Conservation ; Ecology ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov.: a new cold-tolerant species of yeast isolated from bats (2018)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 41, pp. 56-70
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Malassezia is a genus of medically-important, lipid-dependent yeasts that live on the skin of warmblooded animals. The 17 described species have been documented primarily on humans and domestic animals, but few studies have examined Malassezia species associated with more diverse host groups such as wildlife. While investigating the skin mycobiota of healthy bats, we isolated a Malassezia sp. that exhibited only up to 92 % identity with other known species in the genus for the portion of the DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region that could be confidently aligned. The Malassezia sp. was cultured from the skin of nine species of bats in the subfamily Myotinae; isolates originated from bats sampled in both the eastern and western United States. Physiological features and molecular characterisation at seven additional loci (D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, 18S rDNA, chitin synthase, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, \xce\xb2-tubulin, translation elongation factor EF-1\xce\xb1, and minichromosome maintenance complex component 7) indicated that all of the bat Malassezia isolates likely represented a single species distinct from other named taxa. Of particular note was the ability of the Malassezia sp. to grow over a broad range of temperatures (7\xe2\x80\x9340 \xc2\xb0C), with optimal growth occurring at 24 \xc2\xb0C. These thermal growth ranges, unique among the described Malassezia, may be an adaptation by the fungus to survive on bats during both the host\xe2\x80\x99s hibernation and active seasons. The combination of genetic and physiological differences provided compelling evidence that this lipid-dependent yeast represents a novel species described herein as Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov. Whole genome sequencing placed the new species as a basal member of the clade containing the species M. furfur, M. japonica, M. obtusa, and M. yamatoensis. The genetic and physiological uniqueness of Malassezia vespertilionis among its closest relatives may make it important in future research to better understand the evolution, life history, and pathogenicity of the Malassezia yeasts.
    Keywords: Chiroptera ; evolution ; hibernation ; Malassezia ; Myotis ; new species ; phylogeny
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Back to the roots: a reappraisal of Neocosmospora (2019)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 43 no. 1, pp. 90-185
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The genus Neocosmospora (Fusarium solani species complex) contains saprobes, plant endophytes \nand pathogens of major economic significance as well as opportunistic animal pathogens. Advances in biological \nand phylogenetic species recognition revealed a rich species diversity which has largely remained understudied. \nMost of the currently recognised species lack formal descriptions and Latin names, while the taxonomic utility of old \nnames is hampered by the lack of nomenclatural type specimens. Therefore, to stabilise the taxonomy and nomenclature of these important taxa, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several old names by \nmeans of morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on rDNA (ITS and LSU), rpb2 and tef1 sequences. Sixtyeight species are accepted in Neocosmospora, 29 of them described herein as new; while 13 new combinations \nare made. Eleven additional phylogenetic species are recognized, but remain as yet undescribed. Lectotypes are \nproposed for eight species, seven species are epitypified and two species are neotypified. Notes on an additional \n17 doubtful or excluded taxa are provided.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Fusarium ; new taxa ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Six new Phytophthora species from ITS Clade 7a including two sexually functional heterothallic hybrid species detected in natural ecosystems in Taiwan. (2017)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 38, pp. 100-135
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: During a survey of Phytophthora diversity in natural ecosystems in Taiwan six new species were detected. Multigene phylogeny based on the nuclear ITS, \xc3\x9f-tubulin and HSP90 and the mitochondrial cox1 and NADH1 gene sequences demonstrated that they belong to ITS Clade 7a with P. europaea, P. uniformis, P. rubi and P. cambivora being their closest relatives. All six new species differed from each other and from related species by a unique combination of morphological characters, the breeding system, cardinal temperatures and growth rates. Four homothallic species, P. attenuata, P. flexuosa, P. formosa and P. intricata, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy forests of Fagus hayatae, Quercus glandulifera, Q. tarokoensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Chamaecyparis formosensis and Araucaria cunninghamii. Two heterothallic species, P. xheterohybrida and P. xincrassata, were exclusively detected in three forest streams. All P. xincrassata isolates belonged to the A2 mating type while isolates of P. xheterohybrida represented both mating types with oospore abortion rates according to Mendelian ratios (4\xe2\x80\x9333 %). Multiple heterozygous positions in their ITS, \xc3\x9f-tubulin and HSP90 gene sequences indicate that P. xheterohybrida, P. xincrassata and P. cambivora are interspecific hybrids. Consequently, P. cambivora is redescribed as P. xcambivora without nomenclatural act. Pathogenicity trials on seedlings of Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica and Q. suber indicate that all six new species might pose a potential threat to European forests.
    Keywords: biosecurity ; breeding systems ; evolution ; flow cytometry ; phylogeny ; Phytophthora cambivora ; radiation
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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