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  • Canadian Science Publishing  (10)
  • 2015-2019  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Ocean Tracking Network: Advancing frontiers in aquatic science and management
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 76, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 1041-1051
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 76, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 1041-1051
    Abstract: Aquatic animals are integral to ocean and freshwater ecosystems and their resilience, are depended upon globally for food sustainability, and support coastal communities and Indigenous peoples. However, global aquatic environments are changing profoundly due to anthropogenic actions and environmental change. These changes are altering distributions, movements, and survival of aquatic animals in ways that are not well understood. The Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) is a global partnership that is filling this knowledge gap. OTN Canada, a pan-Canadian (and beyond) research network, was launched in 2010 with visionary funding by the Canadian government. In our introduction to this special issue, we briefly overview how this interdisciplinary network has used state-of-the-art technologies, infrastructure, electronic tags and sensors, and associated cutting-edge research and training programs to better understand changing marine and freshwater dynamics and their impact on ecosystems, resources, and animal ecology. These studies have provided unprecedented insights into animal ecology and resource management at a range of spatial and temporal scales and by interfacing animal movements with novel measures of environment, physiology, disease, genetics–genomics, and anthropogenic stressors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2018-0481
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7966-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473089-3
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 2
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    Maintaining the high diversity of pine and oak species in Mexican temperate forests: a new management approach combining functional zoning and ecosystem adaptability
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 1358-1368
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 1358-1368
    Abstract: Mexican temperate forests, at the southernmost end of the distribution range of this ecosystem, are the world’s centre of diversity of pine and oak, with 55 and 161 species, respectively. Such forests are threatened by land-use change, unsustainable forest management practices, and climate change; these threats reduce their diversity, alter the distribution ranges of species, modify disturbance regimes, and reduce ecosystem adaptability. This paper briefly reviews (i) the ecology of the Mexican temperate forests, (ii) the ecological basis for the unique diversity of pine and oak species, (iii) the main disturbances as well as the main drivers of global changes affecting these forests, in particular climate change, and (iv) the social, economic, and cultural factors to be considered in proposing a new forest management approach. It proposes a new conceptual framework to manage Mexican temperate forests that are in line with (i) their natural dynamics, (ii) the rapidly changing and uncertain global environmental, social, and economic conditions, and (iii) the complex adaptive system approach. This new forest management combines functional zoning, multispecies plantations, and sylvicultural interventions to increase the adaptive capacity of forests as a way to balance the increasing need for timber products with the need for other ecosystem services facing rapidly changing and uncertain future environmental, social, and economic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0561
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
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    Motivation and implementation of traffic management strategies to reduce motor vehicle emissions in Canadian cities
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2018
    In:  Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 45, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 241-247
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 45, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 241-247
    Abstract: There is a pressing need to reduce pollution emissions from transportation and consequent negative effects on air quality, public health, and the global climate. Diverse traffic management strategies have been proposed and undertaken with primary or secondary goals of reducing motor vehicle emissions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the motivation and implementation of traffic management strategies to reduce motor vehicle emissions, with a focus on moderate-scale local and regional strategies that are broadly applicable. Public documents from 44 local, regional, and provincial government entities across Canada were reviewed for information regarding the implementation of 22 traffic management strategies. Results show that different levels of government are involved in the implementation of different types of strategies, and with a different mix of traffic, safety, and environmental motivations. Regional governments more frequently cite environmental motivations and appear to be most interested in the two strategies with the strongest empirical evidence of air quality benefits: area road pricing and low emission zones. Strengthening regional transportation planning and better integrating it with municipal and provincial planning could potentially increase the implementation of effective sustainable traffic management strategies in Canada. Additional opportunities exist through emphasizing the potential environmental co-benefits of strategies such as road pricing, speed management, and traffic signal and intersection control improvements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0315-1468 , 1208-6029
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2017-0451
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490923-6
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  • 4
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    Forest pests and their management in the Anthropocene
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2018
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. 292-301
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. 292-301
    Abstract: Forest managers are facing unprecedented challenges from rapid changes in forest pests. The core causes are changes in climate, land use, and global distributions of organisms. Due to invasions and range expansions by pests, and propagation of nonnative trees, managers are increasingly confronted with pest problems outside their range of experience. There is a need to adapt pest management practices more quickly and efficiently than is possible when managers work in isolation and mainly learn by trial and error. Here we identify general tactics for adaptation of forest pest management in the Anthropocene: growth and application of practical theory; improved biosecurity against future invasions; improved monitoring, prediction, and mitigation; increased sharing of knowledge among regions, countries, and continents; management plans that anticipate continuing change; improved assessment of costs, benefits, and risks of possible responses to new potential pests; assessment of system responses to pest management decisions so that subsequent decisions are increasingly better informed; and improved understanding of the couplings between forests, forest management, and socioeconomic systems. Examples of success in forest management can aid in other sectors (e.g., agriculture, pastoralism, fisheries, and water resources) that are similarly important to our environmental security and similarly challenged by global change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0033
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 5
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    Drivers of diet patterns in a globally distributed freshwater fish species
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 76, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 1263-1274
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 76, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 1263-1274
    Abstract: We analysed data of a globally distributed model organism (brown trout, Salmo trutta) in an attempt to understand relationships among biogeography, prey communities, and climate on diet composition at regional spatial scales (Scandinavia) and thereafter explored whether diet patterns remained the same at global scales. At regional scales, we uncovered comprehensive patterns in diet composition among neighbouring freshwater ecoregions, with site-specific prey communities as the best predictor of the observed prey utilization patterns. Thus, we posit that environmental gradients altering site-specific prey communities and consequently the trophic niche of the predator through bottom-up mechanisms are key in understanding spatial dietary patterns. Proximity was also important for the revealed biogeographic patterns at global scales. We suggest that geographic location (latitude and elevation) as a proxy of environmental heterogeneity is key at small spatial scales, and climate at global extents, to understand spatial dietary patterns. Our findings support the hypothesis that future shifts in prey communities due to climate change will strengthen biographical patterns in feeding of freshwater fishes, with consequences for invasiveness assessment and nature management and conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2018-0207
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473089-3
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  • 6
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    Combining aerial LiDAR and multispectral imagery to assess postfire regeneration types in a Mediterranean forest
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 45, No. 7 ( 2015-07), p. 856-866
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 45, No. 7 ( 2015-07), p. 856-866
    Abstract: Wildfires play a major role in driving vegetation changes and can cause important environmental and economic losses in Mediterranean forests, especially where the dominant species lacks efficient postfire regeneration mechanisms. In these areas, postdisturbance vegetation management strategies need to be based on detailed, spatially continuous inventories of the burned area. Here, we present a methodology in which we combine airborne LiDAR and multispectral imagery to assess postfire regeneration types in a spatially continuous way, using a Mediterranean black pine (Pinus nigra Arn ssp. salzmannii) forest that burned in 1998 as a case study. Five postfire regeneration types were obtained by clustering field-plot data using Ward’s method. Two of the five regeneration types presented high tree cover (one clearly dominated by hardwoods and the other dominated by pines), a third type presented low to moderate tree cover, being dominated by hardwoods, and the remaining two types matched to areas dominated by soil–herbaceous or shrub layers with very low or no tree cover (i.e., very low to no tree species regeneration). These five types of regeneration were used to conduct a supervised classification of remote sensing data using a nonparametric supervised classification technique. Compared with independent field validation points, the remote sensing based assessment method resulted in a global classification accuracy of 82.7%. Proportions of regeneration types in the study area indicated a general shift from the former pine-dominated forest toward hardwood dominance and showed no serious problems of regeneration failure. Our methodological approach appears to be appropriate for informing postdisturbance vegetation management strategies over large areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 7
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    The use of the land suitability rating system to assess climate change impacts on corn production in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 96, No. 2 ( 2016-06-01), p. 256-269
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 96, No. 2 ( 2016-06-01), p. 256-269
    Abstract: The land suitability rating system (LSRS) is a spatial modeling tool that generates a class rating for parcels of land for specific agricultural crops based on a soil–climate–landscape potential. We applied the LSRS module for corn suitability to the agricultural portion of the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia (BC). We used data from six UN-IPCC AR4 projections covering a range of cold to hot and wet to dry scenarios for the time periods 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099 to assess the impacts of climate change on corn production. To obtain satisfactory spatial results, we linked high-resolution (400 m grid) monthly temperature and precipitation values to the individual polygons of a detailed (1 : 25 000 scale) soil map available for the study area. Of the six future climate scenarios evaluated, the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS_EH-A1B/3) yielded the most favourable results whereby land suitability for corn without irrigation remained relatively stable through the 21st century. Conversely, the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM-A1B/1) projected a large drop in land suitabililty for corn due to increased climatic and soil moisture deficits. The wide range of climate scenario inputs generated a similarly wide range of LSRS ratings. Most scenarios generated positive impacts for land suitability up to mid-century but negative impacts by late century. Overall, increased heat and aridity will produce earlier harvest dates for corn and likely mean significant changes to the types and timing of crop management practices in the region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2015-0108
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 8
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    Seasonal resource selection of woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ) across a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Canadian Journal of Zoology Vol. 94, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 79-93
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Zoology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 94, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 79-93
    Abstract: Resource selection functions are useful tools for land-use planning, especially for wide-ranging species with sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance. We evaluated five a priori hypotheses describing seasonal habitat selection of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) across three regions in northern Ontario. Two regions were Boreal Shield dominated, one area with relatively high anthropogenic disturbance (due to commercial forestry) and the other with relatively low anthropogenic disturbance. The final region was located on the wetland-dominated Hudson Bay Lowlands. Each region encompassed two caribou management ranges: one was used for model development and the other for model evaluation. We developed seasonal resource selection probability functions using seasonal utilization distributions and isopleths derived from GPS collar data (from 212 caribou) to identify high- and low-use areas. We explored selection across five spatial scales; selection patterns were strongest at the 10 000 ha scale. We found temporal and spatial variations in all environmental predictors across ranges and seasons, especially in the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Our results consistently supported the integrated global model (with common variables but range-specific coefficients) where caribou habitat use is related to minimizing apparent competition with moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) while avoiding disturbed areas, and utilizing areas with adequate forage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4301 , 1480-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0101
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490831-1
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  • 9
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    Limited evidence of fungicide-driven triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in Hamilton, Canada
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2018
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 64, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 119-130
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 64, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 119-130
    Abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause aspergillosis in humans. Over the last decade there have been increasing global reports of treatment failure due to triazole resistance. An emerging hypothesis states that agricultural triazole fungicide use causes clinical triazole resistance. Here we test this hypothesis in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, by examining a total of 195 agricultural, urban, and clinical isolates using 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. For each isolate, the in vitro susceptibilities to itraconazole and voriconazole, 2 triazole drugs commonly used in the management of patients, were also determined. Our analyses suggested frequent gene flow among the agricultural, urban environmental, and clinical populations of A. fumigatus and found evidence for widespread sexual recombination within and among the different populations. Interestingly, all 195 isolates analyzed in this study were susceptible to both triazoles tested. However, compared with the urban population, agricultural and clinical populations showed significantly reduced susceptibility to itraconazole and voriconazole, consistent with ecological niche-specific selective pressures on A. fumigatus populations in Hamilton. Frequent gene flow and genetic recombination among these populations suggest greater attention should be paid to monitor A. fumigatus populations in Hamilton and other similar jurisdictions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0410
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Understanding inter-reach variation in brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) mortality rates using a hierarchical Bayesian state-space model
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 74, No. 10 ( 2017-10), p. 1612-1627
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 74, No. 10 ( 2017-10), p. 1612-1627
    Abstract: Successful management and protection of wild animal populations relies on good understanding of their life cycles. Because population dynamics depends on intricate interactions of biological and ecological processes at various scales, new approaches are needed that account for the variability of demographic processes and associated parameters in a hierarchy of spatial scales. A hierarchical Bayesian model for the resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) life cycle was built to assess the relative influence of local and general determinants of mortality. The model was fitted to an extensive data set collected in 40 river reaches, combining abundance and environmental data (hydraulics, water temperature). Density-dependent mortality of juveniles increased at low water temperatures and decreased with shelter availability. High water temperature increased density-dependent mortality in adults. The model could help to predict monthly juvenile and adult mortality under scenarios of global warming and changes in shelter availability due to habitat degradation or restoration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0240
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7966-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473089-3
    SSG: 21,3
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