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  • 1
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    Edge influence on understorey plant communities depends on forest management
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 281-292
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 281-292
    Abstract: Does the influence of forest edges on plant species richness and composition depend on forest management? Do forest specialists and generalists show contrasting patterns? Location Mesic, deciduous forests across Europe. Methods Vegetation surveys were performed in forests with three management types (unthinned, thinned 5–10 years ago and recently thinned) along a macroclimatic gradient from Italy to Norway. In each of 45 forests, we established five vegetation plots along a south‐facing edge‐to‐interior gradient ( n  = 225). Forest specialist, generalist and total species richness, as well as evenness and proportion of specialists, were tested as a function of the management type and distance to the edge while accounting for several environmental variables (e.g. landscape composition and soil characteristics). Magnitude and distance of edge influence were estimated for species richness per management type. Results Greatest total species richness was found in thinned forests. Edge influence on generalist plant species richness was contingent on the management type, with the smallest decrease in species richness from the edge‐to‐interior in unthinned forests. In addition, generalist richness increased with the proportion of forests in the surrounding landscape and decreased in forests dominated by tree species that cast more shade. Forest specialist species richness, however, was not affected by management type or distance to the edge, and only increased with pH and increasing proportion of forests in the landscape. Conclusions Forest thinning affects the plant community composition along edge‐to‐interior transects of European forests, with richness of forest specialists and generalists responding differently. Therefore, future studies should take the forest management into account when interpreting edge‐to‐interior because both modify the microclimate, soil processes and deposition of polluting aerosols. This interaction is key to predict the effects of global change on forest plants in landscapes characterized by the mosaic of forest patches and agricultural land that is typical for Europe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12844
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Science maps for biogeography—The field's place within the sciences and its change over the past quarter century
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Biogeography Vol. 50, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 805-815
    Details
    In: Journal of Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 50, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 805-815
    Abstract: The field of biogeography is often described as a hub between research disciplines. Here we apply science mapping to study how biogeography has changed and evolved between 1995 and April 2022, and to analyse the mix of disciplines used in this field. We explore how research foci have changed over time and if biogeographical topics have entered the public discourse. Location Local to global. Taxon All taxa. Methods We created a semantic map of the field based on co‐occurrences of keywords or composite keywords from 40,000+ scientific papers published between the 1970s and April 2022, structuring these data into three hierarchical sets. A fourth set of Top 100 researchers was constructed in September 2022. To address our public‐discourse question, we used the Factiva archive of global media. Results Five core journals contained 14,386 papers (or 35.7% of the full set), while the remaining papers appeared in 2247 journals of which 59% included only one or two biogeographical papers. Since 1995, frequencies of keywords related to core concerns of biogeography have remained stable or even decreased, while ‘computing’ and ‘climate change’ have increased. There is an increasing association with Mathematics & Statistics, Computer Sciences, and Planning & Management, and a decreased association with Physical Geography. Biogeography‐related terms increasingly appearing in the public discourse are ‘biodiversity’, ‘urban nature’, ‘conservation’, ‘extinction’ and ‘rewilding’, while more technical concepts, such as ‘ecoregions’, ‘macroecology’ and ‘island biogeography’ remain at very low rates. Main Conclusions Biogeographical research is moving towards the social sciences, probably linked to a growing concern over global environmental issues and the Anthropocene. It is difficult to disentangle to what extent the public discourse is influenced by biogeographical research or vice versa, but ‘rewilding’ and ‘extinction’ are examples of topics that began in basic ecological‐biogeographical research and are now debated publicly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-0270 , 1365-2699
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.v50.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14575
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 188963-1
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  • 3
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    Managing soils for resolving the conflict between agriculture and nature: The hard talk
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  European Journal of Soil Science Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: European Journal of Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Among soil‐centric options for addressing global issues being intensely debated by soil scientists, ecologists and earth scientists regarding their effectiveness and applicability are: (a) harnessing soil carbon (C) sink capacity for adaptation and mitigation of climate change; (b) reducing soil erosion as a source of greenhouse gases and the need to include it in the global C budget; (c) enhancing use efficiency of inputs to agroecosystems and returning land, water and other resources back to nature; (d) using global drylands, saline culture, halomorphic plants and brackish water for provisioning of ecosystem services; and (e) adopting a system‐based conservation agriculture for eco‐intensification of agroecosystems as a strategy of “producing more from less”. Not only should agriculture be made a solution for addressing global issues, but it is also essential to reconciling the need for advancing food and nutritional security with the absolute necessity of enhancing the environment, restoring degraded soils and desertified ecosystems, and advancing Sustainable Development Goals or the Agenda 2030. Highlights Sustainable soil management, degraded soil restoration abridging agronomic yield gap and improving the environment are important to achieve world peace. Sustainable eco‐intensification of agro‐ecosystems reduces inputs and enhances use efficiency by restoring soil health. Harnessing soil carbon sink capacity includes reducing accelerated soil erosion for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. System‐based conservation agriculture sustains agronomic productivity and minimizes soil degradation and environmental pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-0754 , 1365-2389
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.v71.1
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12857
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 240830-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020243-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1191614-X
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  • 4
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    Planting and mowing cover crops as livestock feed to synergistically optimize soil properties, economic profit, and environmental burden on pear orchards in the Yangtze River Basin
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol. 103, No. 13 ( 2023-10), p. 6680-6688
    Details
    In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 13 ( 2023-10), p. 6680-6688
    Abstract: Pears, as an important cash crop, are currently facing great issues due to unsustainable management practices. Cover cropping is a sustainable management strategy that can improve soil fertility and increase fruit yield, while it may also stimulate greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, synergizing multiple indicators to achieve sustainable development is critical. This study introduces a new management system, namely the planting and mowing of ryegrass as a livestock feed system (PRSS), and analyzes its impact on soil quality, economic benefits, and environmental burdens. RESULTS Our results indicated that PRSS could increase soil pH from 5.08 to 5.48 and decrease the content of soil alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphate, and available phosphate (26.96–59.89%) while also enhancing yield (+38.51%) compared with the traditional natural grass management system (TMS). The average soil methane fluxes in PRSS were 72.67 μg m −2  day −1 , higher than those of TMS (61.28 μg m −2  day −1 ). However, the gross primary production was lower than TMS (−37.24%), and no significant difference was observed in soil nitrous oxide fluxes. In different scenarios, the total profit of PRSS mode 1 (mowing ryegrass and selling to a livestock company) and PRSS mode 2 (mowing ryegrass and feeding own sheep) were 10 706.21 $ ha −1 and 26 592.87 $ ha −1 respectively. These values are respectively2.36 times and 5.85 times higher than that of TMS. The total global warming potential of TMS (18.19 t CO 2 ‐eq ha −1 ) was 1.29 t CO 2 ‐eq ha −1 higher and 2.89 t CO 2 ‐eq ha −1 lower than that of PRSS mode 1 and mode 2 respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with traditional natural grass, planting and mowing ryegrass in pear orchards can optimize soil properties, increase fruit yield, and reduce global warming potential. Different modes can greatly increase revenue but have varying impacts on environmental burdens. These findings can help rebuild the links between farmland and specialized livestock production, contributing to sustainable development in the pear industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-5142 , 1097-0010
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.v103.13
    DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12763
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001807-1
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  • 5
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    A sensitive sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) targeted multiple wheat protein fractions for the detection of several cereal grains in processed foods
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Food Science Vol. 87, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 1514-1526
    Details
    In: Journal of Food Science, Wiley, Vol. 87, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 1514-1526
    Abstract: Wheat allergy has become a global public health and food safety concern; however, there is no accessible cure for wheat allergy. The complete exclusion of wheat‐containing foods and environmental exposure is the most efficient allergy management to avoid the adverse reactions, which can be severe and occasionally life threatening. Therefore, the assay for accurate detection of wheat residues is demanded urgently for appropriate labeling guidelines and consumer safety. Thus, a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) targeting multiple wheat protein fractions was fabricated in the present study. The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the constructed sELISA were 0.25 and 0.5 µg/g with high specificity for wheat. No cross‐reactivity was observed in 32 foods or food ingredients tested, except barley and rye. The developed sELISA can also discriminate against many commercial foods containing declared or undeclared wheat residues except for Chinese yellow wine. Furthermore, high heat also can obtain a higher level of proteins extracted with corresponding enhanced detectability up to 100°C from heated samples and 160 °C in baked samples. Practical Application Wheat is the most common food ingredient and wildly applied in various processed foods. However, wheat can cause severe and life‐threatening symptoms in some allergic patients and must be labeled and tested accurately to protect those with a wheat allergy. Developing a new test assay can serve as a powerful tool for food manufacturers and regulatory agencies to accurately quantify wheat residues in processed foods and ensure their absence due to unintended contamination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1147 , 1750-3841
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfds.v87.4
    DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006705-7
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  • 6
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    Using Community Science to Address Pollution in an Urban Watershed: Lessons about Trash, Diverse Engagement, and the Need for Science Mindsets
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education Vol. 174, No. 1 ( 2021-12), p. 21-44
    Details
    In: Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, Wiley, Vol. 174, No. 1 ( 2021-12), p. 21-44
    Abstract: Community science projects offered in urban areas may be particularly effective at addressing environmental problems and engaging people in science, especially individuals whose identities have historically been underrepresented in the field. In this project, we worked with individuals from a racially diverse, low‐income community in San Diego, California to conduct community science to: 1) test a conceptual program model aimed at engaging diverse communities in science, and 2) contribute to scientific knowledge about the inputs and accumulations of trash in an urban watershed. While the program model did well at bolstering environmental stewardship, recruitment, and short‐term retention of community members as project participants, it was not as effective at building science understanding, interest in science, and awareness of doing science, indicating a need for a mindset approach. Despite this, the data collected by the community between 2014–2018 revealed in‐depth information about the spatial and temporal distributions of trash, including the identification of three main debris inputs: encampments, illegal dumping, and storm drain flows, as well as the validation of global trends of a predominance of plastics across waterways and through time. In a few instances, community stewards became community scientists—the quantity and quality of data collected improved, and community members presented results to authorities who responded with concordant management actions (e.g., help with cleanups, outreach to unhoused communities). Based on project outcomes, our revised community science program model includes a focus on strengthening a science mindset, in which even short‐term science interventions that improve the recognition of science, a sense of belonging, and access to mentorship may have meaningful long‐lasting effects on increased participation in science.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1936-7031 , 1936-704X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jcwr.v174.1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3359.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Science to inform policy: Linking population dynamics to habitat for a threatened species in Canada
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1314-1327
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1314-1327
    Abstract: Boreal forests provide numerous ecological services, including the ability to store large amounts of carbon, and are of significance to global biodiversity. Increases in industrial activities in boreal landscapes since the mid‐20th century have added to concerns over biodiversity loss and climate change. Boreal forests are home to dwindling populations of boreal caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou in Canada, a species at risk that requires large, undisturbed landscapes for persistence. In 2012, the Canadian government defined critical habitat for boreal caribou by relating calf recruitment to disturbances. Some have questioned whether the recruitment relationship can be extrapolated beyond the environmental conditions represented in the analysis. We examined the effects of human disturbances and fire (alone and in combination) on variation in recruitment and adult female survival using data from 58 study areas in Canada. Top models were used in aspatial scenarios of landscape change to evaluate the efficacy of the critical habitat definition in achieving the recovery objectives for boreal caribou in two contrasting landscapes: Little Smoky, dominated by high levels of human disturbances, and the northern boreal shield of Saskatchewan (SK1), dominated by fire. The top recruitment model suggested the negative effect of fire was three to four times smaller than human disturbances. The top adult female survival model included human disturbances only. These results re‐affirm that human disturbances are the primary factor contributing to boreal caribou declines. Our aspatial scenarios suggested that undisturbed habitat would have to increase to ≥68% for Little Smoky to maintain a self‐sustaining population of boreal caribou with some degree of certainty. In contrast, the SK1 population was self‐sustaining with 40% undisturbed habitat when fire disturbance predominates, but could become vulnerable with increases in human disturbances (8%–9%). Policy implications . Boreal caribou are listed as threatened under Canada's Species at Risk Act. Our results suggest that the 65% undisturbed critical habitat designation in Canada's boreal caribou Recovery Strategy may serve as a reasonable proxy for achieving self‐sustaining populations of boreal caribou in landscapes dominated by human disturbances. However, some populations may be less or more vulnerable, as illustrated by the scenarios in a landscape dominated by fire (SK1). Continued population monitoring will be essential to assessing the effectiveness of land management strategies developed for boreal caribou recovery, especially with climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.7
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13637
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
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  • 8
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    Regional integration and environmental sustainability during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from South Asia
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  International Social Science Journal
    Details
    In: International Social Science Journal, Wiley
    Abstract: South Asia, a sub‐region with nearly a third of the world's population living in extreme poverty and hunger, has been affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic in an unprecedented way. The pandemic has undermined the progress achieved by the subregion towards attaining sustainable development goals. This study argues that fostering environmental sustainability in the South Asian region is crucial to “Building Back Better” while taking cognisance of future climate‐related risks. With the low level of preparedness, the collapse of global supply chains, and restrictive regional integration, the individual country in the region lacks the fiscal and technical capacity to implement sustainable development goals effectively. Therefore, based on the analytical approach to regional integration, this paper explores the potential role of regional integration in ensuring environmental sustainability in South Asia. Additionally, this study illustrates how the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected several environmental aspects at the regional level, such as clean energy, disaster risk reduction, and waste management, and shows how regional cooperation can address these challenges post pandemic. While previous studies mainly focus on regional integration in the European Union, this study targets the crucial importance of regional cooperation in South Asia in achieving environmental sustainability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0020-8701 , 1468-2451
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/issj.12291
    RVK:
    MN 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 204541-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481118-2
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  • 9
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    Additive influences of soil and climate gradients drive tree community composition of Central African rain forests
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1154-1167
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1154-1167
    Abstract: Examining tree species–environment association can offer insight into the drivers of vegetation patterns and key information of practical relevance to forest management. Here, we aim to quantify the contribution of climate and soil gradients to variation in Central African tree species composition (abundance and occurrence). Location Tropical rain forests of southern and eastern Cameroon. Methods We established 82 1‐ha permanent plots across seven localities and censused all trees ≥10 cm in diameter, representing a total of 37,733 trees and 455 species. In 60 of those plots, we measured 10 soil variables describing texture and nutrients levels and extracted 10 bioclimatic variables from global‐gridded climate databases. We synthesized the main environmental gradients by conducting principal component analyses on climate and soil data, respectively. We performed unconstrained and constrained non‐symmetric correspondence analyses to account for the individual and joint contributions of climate and soil on species abundance and occurrence. Results Climate and soil contributed similarly to variances of species abundance and occurrence (12–15% variance for climate vs 11–12% variance for soil). Climate influence mostly concerns some abundant species, while some of the less abundant species were mainly driven by soil. Fractions of species variances accounted for by climate and soil show strong correlation when assessed from species occurrence and abundance data. Conclusion Variation in occurrence and abundance of tropical forest trees can be partly shaped by both climate and soil gradients in Cameroon, which emphasizes the importance to jointly consider soil and climate in species distribution modeling. Less abundant species may express environmental influence differently than abundant species and convey complementary information about community assemblage. Though showing congruent patterns here, species abundance and occurrence reflect different interacting community processes and both should be examined to better understand vegetation patterns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12918
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
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  • 10
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    Historical ecology and ancient forests: Progress, conservation issues and scientific prospects, with some examples from the French case
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2021-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2021-01)
    Abstract: Forest area has dramatically increased since the beginning or middle of the 19th century in European countries. At least half of the forests present today have grown on formerly cultivated lands, pastures or heathlands. However, net forest expansion largely masks a slow but irretrievable erosion of ancient forests. Meanwhile, forest resource harvesting (biomass, litter) has fundamentally changed during the last two centuries, moving from intensive biomass removal to increased growing stocks in different European countries. This article reviews the current knowledge on the long‐term legacies of past land use and forest management practices and their effects on the functions, diversity and composition of understory vegetation of current forest ecosystems. First, we define the concepts of forest continuity and ancient forest. Then, based on the French case, we present the advances in historical sources, which make it possible to better reconstruct the change in land use and forest management practices over the last two hundred years. We review how understory plant communities and their traits respond to forest continuity and to different types of former agricultural uses, both at local and landscape scales. We then address three important issues for conservation and management: the conservation value of ancient forests, the impact of forest management on the ecological integrity of ancient forests, and the under‐explored legacies of former forest management practices on soil and understory vegetation. Lastly, we propose five main fronts for future research efforts: (a) explore all types of cartographic, written sources and environmental markers; (b) develop modelling approaches to understand how past land use shapes plant communities; (c) better define the conservation value of ancient forests in conservation and management policies; (d) investigate how drivers of global change interact with forest management and land use legacies and (e) explore land use legacies in mountain and Mediterranean socio‐ecological systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v32.1
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12846
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
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