Note: Intro -- LA MOTIVATION DANS LA CRÉATION SCIENTIFIQUE -- TABLE DES MATIÈRES -- AVANT-PROPOS -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPITRE 1_La motivation, une condition essentielle à la création scientifique -- CHAPITRE 2_Les théories sur l'origine de la motivation des grands chercheurs -- CHAPITRE 3_Un modèle de la dynamique motivationnelle qui anime les grands chercheurs -- CHAPITRE 4_Les études de cas de Charles Darwin et de Marie Curie -- CONCLUSION -- RÉFÉRENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Front Cover -- Molecular Basis of Lysosomal Storage Disorders -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part I: Enzymes, Activator Proteins,and Stabilizers -- Chapter 1. Old Diversions and New Directions in Enzyme Purification -- Introduction -- Affinity Methods -- Piggy-back Purification -- Pseudo-affinity Chromatography -- Mixed Function Separations -- Rapid Separation Techniques -- Two-phase Systems -- Free flow electrophoresis -- References -- Chapter 2. Function and Relevance of Activator Proteins for Glycolipid Degradation -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DISCOVERY OF ACTIVATOR PROTEINS -- III. PROPERTIES OF THE ACTIVATOR PROTEINS -- IV. ROLE OF ACTIVATOR PROTEINS IN LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Cerebroside Sulfatase Activator Deficiency -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THE ASA:CS CATABOLIC SYSTEM -- III. CLINICAL REVIEW -- IV· FIBROBLAST CS LOADING -- V. DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVATOR DEFICIENCY -- VI. ADDITIONAL CASES OF ASA+MLD -- VII. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Studies on the Sphingolipid Activator Protein for the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of GMl Ganglioside and Sulfatide -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. The Occurrence and Physiological Significance of Activator Proteins Essential for the Enzymic Hydrolysis of GMl and GM2 Gangliosides -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DISCOVERY OF ACTIVATOR PROTEINS WHICH STIMULATE THE ENZYMIC HYDROLYSIS OF GM1 AND GM2 GANGLIOSIDES -- III. ISOLATION OF ACTIVATOR PROTEINS ESSENTIAL FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF GM1 AND GM2 -- IV. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF GMl- AND GM2-ACTIVAT0RS -- V. PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ACTIVATOR PROTEINS -- VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. The Cohydrolases for Cerebroside β-Glucosidase. , I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ISOLATION OF COHYDROLASE SPH-I FROM BOVINE SPLEEN -- III. ISOLATION OF COHYDROLASE SPH-I FROM HUMAN SPLEEN -- IV. PROPERTIES OF THE COHYDROLASES -- V. ENZYME SPECIFICITY OF COHYDROLASE SPH-I -- VI. SUMMARY OF THE COHYDROLASE SPH-I STORY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Combined β-Galactosidase-Sialidase Deficiency in Man:Genetic Defect of a "Protective Protein -- 1 . INTRODUCTION -- II. CLINICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF β-GALACTOSIDASE AND SIALIDASE DEFICIENCIES -- III. MOLECULAR ANALYSES OF β-GALACTOSIDASE AND SIALIDASE IN NORMAL FIBROBLASTS -- IV. THE MOLECULAR DEFECT IN GALACTOSIALIDOS IS -- V. THE MOLECULAR DEFECT IN ISOLATED β -GALACTOSIDASE DEFICIENCY -- V I . SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Lysosomal Storage Disorders Caused by Instability of the Missing Enzymes -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. CAUSES OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYME DEFICIENCIES -- III. DISORDERS CAUSED BY INSTABILITY OF CATALYTI-CALLY ACTIVE LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part II: Transportation of Molecules into the Lysosomal Compartment -- Chapter 9. Asialoglycoprotein Catabolism by Hepatocytes: Insights from Perturbation of the Endocytic Pathway -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THE BINDING OF ASIALOGLYCOPROTEINS TO THEIR CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS -- III. INTERNALIZATION OF RECEPTOR-LIGAND COMPLEXES -- IV. INTRACELLULAR DISSOCIATION OF LIGAND -- V. SEGREGATION OF RECEPTOR AND LIGAND -- VI. DELIVERY OF LIGAND MOLECULES TO THE LYSOSOMES -- VII. INTRALYSOSOMAL PROTEOLYSIS -- VIII. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. The Role of Acidification in Transport of Acid Hydrolases to Lysosomes -- Introduction -- Results with Lysosomotropic Amines -- Mutants Defective in Acidification of the Endosome -- Enzyme Transport in Mutants Defective in Acidification of their Endosomes -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 11. Evidence for a Mannose 6-Phosphate-Independent Pathway for Lysosomal Enzyme Targeting -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Adsorptive Pinocytosis and Intracellular Transport of Lysosomal Enzymes: The Role of the Phosphomannosyl Receptor -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PHOSPHOMANNOSYL RECOGNITION MARKER -- III. DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHOMANNOSYL RECEPTORS IN MAMMALIAN TISSUES -- IV. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHOMANNOSYL RECEPTORS -- V. ADSORPTIVE PINOCYTOSIS OF EXTRACELLULAR LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES -- VI. PARTICIPATION OF THE PHOSPHOMANNOSYL RECEPTORIN THE TARGETING OF NEWLY-SYNTHESIZED ACID HYDROLASES TO LYSOSOMES -- VII. RECYCLING OF PHOSPHOMANNOSYL RECEPTOR -- VIII. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. The Mannose Recognition Pathway-Implications for Lysosome Physiology -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PLASMA CLEARANCE OF LYSOSOMAL HYDROLASES -- III. EXPRESSION OF THE MANNOSE-RECEPTOR BY MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES -- IV. RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS OF MANNOSYLATED LIGANDS AND RECEPTOR RECYCLING -THE REQUIREMENT OF AN ACID INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT -- V. IMPLICATIONS for LYSOSOMAL PHYSIOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Interaction of Human Placental Glucocerebrosidase with Hepatic Lectins -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Part III: Biosynthesis of Lysosomal Enzymes -- Chapter 15. Biosynthesis of Lysosomal Enzymes -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. CATHEPSIN D -- III. BETA-GLUCURONIDASE -- IV. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Defective Synthesis or Maturation of the α-Chain of β-Hexosaminidase in Classic and Variant Forms of Tay-Sachs Disease -- I . NATURAL HISTORY OF HUMAN g-HEXOSAMINIDASE -- II. HETEROGENEITY OF α-CHAIN DEFECTS IN TAY-SACHS DISEASE (β-HEXOSAMINIDASE A DEFICIENCY) -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 17. The Intermediate Hexosaminidases of Placenta and Their Relationship to Precursor Processing -- INTRODUCTION -- EVIDENCE FOR TWO β CHAINS -- RELATIONSHIP OF PLACENTAL HEX β CHAINS TO HEX I -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Processing of Human Lysosomal α -Glucosidase -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- III. RESULTS -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part IV: Molecular Genetic Aspects of Lysosomal Enzymes -- Chapter 19. Genetic Heterogeneity in Lysosomal Storage Disorders Studied by Somatic Cell Hybridization -- I. THE EXTENT OF GENETIC HETEROGENEITY -- II. PRINCIPLES OF COMPLEMENTATION -- III. COMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS -- IV. RESULTS OF COMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS -- V. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Genetic Heterogeneity of Gaucher's Disease -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Chromosomal Localization of the Structural Genes Encoding the Human Lysosomal Hydrolases and Their Activator and Stabilizer Proteins -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GENE MAPPING METHODS -- III. CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT OF THE LYSOSOMAL HYDROLASE GENES -- IV. CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT OF THE GENES FOR ACTIVATORS AND STABILIZERS OF LYSOSOMAL HYDROLASES -- V. THE ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN LYSOSOMAL GENOME -- VI. FUTURE APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNIQUES FOR THE FURTHER CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION OF THE LYSOSOMAL GENES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Strategies for the Molecular Cloning of Low Abundance Messenger RNAs -- A. Enrichment of mRNA -- B. Biological Means -- C. Physical Means -- D. Synthesis of cDNA -- E. Cloning Vectors -- F. Identification of Cloned cDNA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Cloning of Lysosomal Genes -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. cDNA Cloning of Acid Alpha-Glucosidase -- REFERENCES. , Part V: Therapeutic Approaches to Lysosomal Storage Disorders -- Chapter 25. Bone Marrow Transplantation in Mucopolysaccharidoses -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PROTOCOL FOR BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION -- III. RESULTS -- IV. EVIDENCE OF ENGRAFTMENT -- V. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS -- IV. CLINICAL EFFECTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Bone Marrow Transplantation in Severe Gaucher's Disease:Rapid Correction of Enzyme Deficiency Accompanied by Continued Long Term Survival of Storage Cells -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CASE REPORT -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 27. Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Norrbottnian Form of Gaucher Disease -- INTRODUCTION -- CLINICAL SUBTYPES OF GAUCHER DISEASE -- PATIENTS WITH THE NORRBOTTNIAN TYPE OF GAUCHER DISEASE ARE OPTIMAL CANDIDATES FOR BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION -- SPLENECTOMY WILL LEAD TO INCREASED STORAGE OF CEREBROSIDE (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE) IN OTHER ORGANS -- CASE REPORT -- BIOCHEMICAL METHODS -- BIOCHEMICAL RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 28. Enzyme Replacement in the Sphingolipidoses -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- III. ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION -- IV. ENZYME REPLACEMENT IN DISORDERS THAT INVOLVE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- V. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Part VI: State of the Art -- Chapter 29. State of the Art -- I. PROGRESS IN BASIC INVESTIGATIONS -- II. TREATMENT STRATEGIES -- III. MOLECULAR GENETICS OF LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS -- IV. THE FUTURE AT THE LEVEL OF THE GENE -- REFERENCES.

Note: Front Cover -- Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives for Energy Conversion and Storage -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Key features -- 1 Metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives: emerging materials for energy conversion and storage -- 1.1 Introduction and background -- 1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.2 Background -- 1.1.2.1 Introduction of nanoparticles in metal-organic framework -- 1.1.2.2 Metal-organic framework for catalysis -- 1.1.2.3 Monometallic nanoparticles@ metal-organic frameworks catalysts -- 1.1.2.4 Bimetallic nanoparticles@ metal-organic frameworks catalysis -- 1.1.2.5 Tandem reactions -- 1.1.2.6 Metal-organic frameworks-derived catalysts -- 1.1.2.7 Characterization of metal-organic frameworks-nanoparticle -- 1.2 Conclusions and prospects -- References -- 2 Introduction to metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 2.1 Designing principle of metal-organic framework -- 2.1.1 Design of active site -- 2.1.2 Design of crystal structure -- 2.1.3 Design of pore and surface area -- 2.1.4 Design of shape -- 2.1.5 Design of other properties -- 2.2 Metal-organic frameworks synthesis methods -- 2.2.1 Metal-organic frameworks formation methods -- 2.2.2 Metal-organic frameworks activation method -- 2.3 Metal-organic frameworks derivative design -- 2.3.1 Design of composition -- 2.3.2 Design of morphology -- 2.4 Metal-organic frameworks derivation methods -- 2.4.1 Heat treatment -- 2.4.2 Solution-based treatment -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3 Bimetallic and multimetallic MOFs and their derivatives -- 3.1 Brief introduction -- 3.2 Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.1 Co-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.1.1 Co-Mn bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives. , 3.2.1.2 Co-Fe bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.1.3 Co-Ni bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.1.4 Co-Cu bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.1.5 Co-Zn bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.1.6 Other Co-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.2 Ni-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.2.1 Ni-Mn bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.2.2 Ni-Fe bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.2.3 Ni-Cu bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.2.4 Ni-Zn bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.2.5 Other Ni-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.3 Cu-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.3.1 Cu-Mn bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.3.2 Cu-Fe bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.3.3 Cu-Zn bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.3.4 Other Cu-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.4 Zn-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.4.1 Zn-Mn bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.4.2 Zn-Fe bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.2.4.3 Other Zn-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.3 Multimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.3.1 Trimetallic metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.3.2 High-entropy metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 3.4 Summary -- References -- 4 MOF-derived carbonaceous materials -- 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Metal-organic frameworks -derived graphitic carbon -- 4.2.1 Metal-organic frameworks -derived 1D carbon -- 4.2.2 Metal-organic frameworks-derived 2D carbon -- 4.2.3 Metal-organic frameworks-derived 3D carbon -- 4.3 Metal-organic frameworks-derived heteroatom-doped carbon -- 4.3.1 Metal-organic frameworks-derived nonmetal-doped carbon -- 4.3.2 Metal-organic frameworks-derived metal-doped carbon -- 4.4 Summary and outlook -- References -- 5 Metal-organic framework-derived metal compound materials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Preparation methods of metal-organic frameworks derivatives -- 5.2.1 High-temperature calcination -- 5.2.2 Solution reaction -- 5.3 Metal-organic frameworks-derived metal compound materials -- 5.3.1 Metal oxides -- 5.3.2 Metal hydroxides -- 5.3.3 Metal sulfides -- 5.3.4 Metal selenides -- 5.3.5 Metal nitrides -- 5.3.6 Metal phosphides -- 5.4 Summary -- References -- 6 Nanoarrays of metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Metal-organic frameworks nanoarrays -- 6.2.1 The 1D nanostructured arrays -- 6.2.2 The 2D nanostructured arrays -- 6.3 Metal-organic frameworks-derived nanowires -- 6.3.1 The 1D nanostructured arrays -- 6.3.2 The 2D nanostructured arrays -- References -- 7 Hollow metal-organic frameworks and derivatives -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Synthetic principles and methods of hollow MOFs -- 7.2.1 Hard-templating synthesis -- 7.2.1.1 Single-shelled hollow MOFs -- 7.2.1.2 Double-shelled hollow MOFs -- 7.2.1.3 3D-ordered hollow MOFs -- 7.2.2 Soft-templating synthesis -- 7.2.2.1 Emulsion-engaged synthesis -- 7.2.2.2 Micelle-engaged synthesis -- 7.2.2.3 Gas bubble-engaged synthesis -- 7.2.3 Self-templated synthesis -- 7.2.3.1 Controlled etching -- 7.2.3.2 Outward diffusion -- 7.3 Preparation of hollow MOF derivatives -- 7.4 Electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications. , 7.4.1 Electrocatalysis -- 7.4.2 Batteries -- 7.5 Summary and perspective -- Conflict of interest -- References -- 8 Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives: synthesis, 3D printing fabrication, and applications -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Synthesis of 2D MOFs and their derivatives -- 8.2.1 Top-down method -- 8.2.2 Bottom-up method -- 8.2.3 2D MOF derivatives -- 8.3 3D printing -- 8.3.1 Direct ink writing -- 8.3.2 Inkjet printing -- 8.4 Applications -- 8.4.1 Energy storage devices -- 8.4.2 Energy conversion applications -- 8.4.3 Other applications -- 8.5 Summary and perspective -- References -- 9 Recent development in metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for electrocatalysis and fuel cells -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Recent progress on MOFs for electrochemistry -- 9.3 Synthesis of pristine MOFs and their composites -- 9.3.1 Design and synthesis of pristine MOFs -- 9.3.2 Heteroatom postmodification on pristine MOFs -- 9.3.3 Composite on pristine MOFs -- 9.3.4 Summary of pristine MOFs for electrocatalysts -- 9.4 Synthesis of derivative MOFs and their composite -- 9.4.1 MOF-derived carbon-based catalysts -- 9.4.2 Heteroatom postmodification on derivative MOFs -- 9.4.3 Composite in derivative MOFs -- 9.4.4 Summary of MOF-derived electrocatalysts -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for metal-air batteries -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 MOFs and their derivatives in Li-O2 batteries -- 10.2.1 Working principles and key reactions -- 10.2.2 Applications of MOFs and their derivatives in Li-O2 batteries -- 10.2.2.1 Pristine MOFs -- 10.2.2.2 MOF-derived metal compounds -- 10.2.2.3 MOF-derived carbon -- 10.2.3 Summary -- 10.3 MOFs and their derivatives in Zn-air batteries -- 10.3.1 Working principles -- 10.3.2 Key reactions and parameters for performance evaluation -- 10.3.2.1 ORR. , 10.3.2.2 OER -- 10.3.3 Applications of MOFs and their derivatives in Zn-air batteries -- 10.3.3.1 Pristine MOFs -- 10.3.3.2 MOF-derived metal compounds -- 10.3.3.3 MOF-derived carbon -- 10.3.3.4 MOF-derived metal/carbon -- 10.3.3.5 MOF-derived metal compounds/carbon -- 10.3.4 Summary -- 10.4 MOFs and their derivatives in other types of metal-air batteries -- 10.4.1 Na-O2 batteries -- 10.4.2 Al-air batteries and Fe-air batteries -- 10.5 Summary and perspectives -- References -- 11 Recent development in MOFs and their derivatives for battery electrodes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Recent works on pristine MOFs for battery electrodes -- 11.2.1 Pristine MOFs for Li-ion battery electrodes -- 11.2.1.1 Pristine MOFs for Li-ion battery cathodes -- 11.2.1.2 Pristine MOFs for Li-ion battery anodes -- 11.2.2 Pristine MOFs for aqueous Zn-ion battery electrodes -- 11.2.2.1 Pristine MOFs for Zn-ion battery cathodes -- 11.2.2.2 Pristine MOFs for Zn-ion battery anodes -- 11.2.3 Pristine MOFs for other battery electrodes -- 11.2.3.1 Pristine MOFs for Na- and K-ion battery electrodes -- 11.2.3.2 Pristine MOFs for Li-S battery electrodes -- 11.3 Recent works on MOF derivatives for Li-ion battery electrodes -- 11.3.1 MOF derivatives for Li-ion battery cathodes -- 11.3.1.1 Co-MOF derivatives -- 11.3.1.2 Fe-MOF derivatives -- 11.3.2 MOF derivatives for Li-ion battery anodes -- 11.3.2.1 Co-MOF derivatives -- 11.3.2.2 Fe-MOF derivatives -- 11.3.2.3 Mn-MOF derivatives -- 11.3.2.4 Cu-MOF derivatives -- 11.4 Recent works on MOF derivatives for Zn-ion battery electrodes -- 11.4.1 MOF derivatives for Zn-ion battery cathodes -- 11.4.1.1 Mn-MOF derivatives -- 11.4.1.2 V-MOF derivatives -- 11.4.1.3 Other MOF derivatives -- 11.4.2 MOF derivatives for Zn-ion battery anodes -- 11.4.2.1 MOF derivatives as protective layers -- 11.4.2.2 MOF derivatives as conductive hosts -- References. , 12 Recent development in metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for supercapacitors.

Note: Front Cover -- Clinical Biochemistry: Contemporary Theories and Techniques -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents of Previous Volumes -- Chapter 1. Biochemical Monitoring of Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Tumor-Derived Products -- III. Tumor-Associated Changes -- References -- Chapter 2. The Use of Chemical and Physiochemical Approaches to Detecting and Identifying Etiological Agents in Clinical Specimens -- I. Introduction -- II. Conventional Microbiological Techniques -- III. Systematic Microbiological Identification -- IV. Direct Methods of Detection -- V. Indirect Methods of Detection -- VI. Enzymatic Profiles -- VII. Semiautomated and Automated Methods -- References -- Chapter 3. Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Investigations -- I. Introduction -- II. Definition and Production of Monoclonal Antibody -- III. Monoclonal Antibodies for Studying Cell Differentiation and Monitoring Diseases -- IV. Monoclonal Antibodies for Serotherapy -- V. In Vitro Treatment of Bone Marrow for Autologous Transplant -- VI. Monoclonal Antibodies for in Vivo Radioimaging of Tumors -- VII. Discussion -- VIII. Appendix: General Reviews on Perspectives, Methodology, and Applications -- References -- Chapter 4. Serologic Methods in Disease Diagnosis -- I. Introduction -- II. Serologic Methods -- III. Syphilis Serology -- IV. Serology of Streptococcal Infections -- V. Other Bacterial Serology -- VI. Serology in Atypical Pneumonia -- VII. Viral Serology -- VIII. Antibody to Tissues -- IX. Transplantation Immunology -- X. The Clinical Immunology Laboratory -- References -- Chapter 5. Instrumentation in Clinical Chemistry -- I. Introduction -- II. Spectrometric Instrument Systems -- III. Atomic Spectroscopy Systems -- IV. Electrochemical Techniques and Instrumentation. , V. Separation Instrument Techniques -- VI. Impact of Microprocessors on Clinical Instrumentation -- VII. Laboratory Automation and Robotics -- VIII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Hemoglobin Analysis and Hemoglobinopathies -- I. General Review of Hemoglobin -- II. Hemoglobinopathies -- III. Techniques Used in Evaluation of Hemoglobinopathies -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials with an Introduction to Linear Viscoelasticity -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Elastic Behavior -- 1.2 Plastic Behavior -- 1.3 Viscoelastic Behavior -- 1.4 Creep -- 1.5 Recovery -- 1.6 Relaxation -- 1.7 Linearity -- CHAPTER 2. HISTORICAL SURVEY OF CREEP -- 2.1 Creep of Metals -- 2.2 Creep under Uniaxial Stress -- 2.3 Creep under Combined Stresses -- 2.4 Creep under Variable Stress -- 2.5 Creep of Plastics -- 2.6 Mathematical Representation of Creep of Materials -- 2.7 Differential Form -- 2.8 Integral Form -- 2.9 Development of Nonlinear Constitutive Relations -- CHAPTER 3. STATE OF STRESS AND STRAIN -- 3.1 State of Stress -- 3.2 Stress Tensor -- 3.3 Unit Tensor -- 3.4 Principal Stresses -- 3.5 Mean Normal Stress Tensor and Deviatoric Stress Tensor -- 3.6 Invariants of Stress -- 3.7 Traces of Tensors and Products of Tensors -- 3.8 Invariants in Terms of Traces -- 3.9 Hamilton-Cayley Equation -- 3.10 State of Strain -- 3.11 Strain-Displacement Relation -- 3.12 Strain Tensor -- CHAPTER 4. MECHANICS OF STRESS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSES -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Law of Motion -- 4.3 Equations of Equilibrium -- 4.4 Equilibrium of Moments -- 4.5 Kinematics -- 4.6 Compatibility Equations -- 4.7 Constitutive Equations -- 4.8 Linear Elastic Solid -- 4.9 Boundary Conditions -- 4.10 The Stress Analysis Problem in a Linear Isotropic Elastic Solid -- CHAPTER 5. LINEAR VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Viscoelastic Models -- 5.3 The Basic Elements: Spring and Dashpot -- 5.4 Maxwell Model -- 5.5 Kelvin Model -- 5.6 Burgers or Four-element Model -- 5.7 Generalized Maxwell and Kelvin Models -- 5.8 Retardation Spectrum for tn -- 5.9 Differential Form of Constitutive Equations for Simple Stress States. , 5.10 Differential Form of Constitutive Equations for Multiaxial Stress States -- 5.11 Integral Representation of Viscoelastic Constitutive Equations -- 5.12 Creep Compliance -- 5.13 Relaxation Modulus -- 5.14 Boltzmann's Superposition Principle and Integral Representation -- 5.15 Relation Between Creep Compliance and Relaxation Modulus -- 5.16 Generalization of the Integral Representation to Three Dimensions -- 5.17 Behavior of Linear Viscoelastic Material under Oscillating Loading -- 5.18 Complex Modulus and Compliance -- 5.19 Dissipation -- 5.20 Complex Compliance and Complex Modulus of Some Viscoelastic Models -- 5.21 Maxwell Model -- 5.22 Kelvin Model -- 5.23 Burgers Model -- 5.24 Relation Between the Relaxation Modulus and the Complex Relaxation Modulus -- 5.25 Relation Between Creep Compliance and Complex Compliance -- 5.26 Complex Compliance for tn -- 5.27 Temperature Effect and Time-Temperature Superposition Principle -- CHAPTER 6. LINEAR VISCOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Beam Problems -- 6.3 Stress Analysis of Quasi-static Viscoelastic Problems Using the Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle -- 6.4 Thick-walled Viscoelastic Tube* -- 6.5 Point Force Acting on the Surface of a Semi-infinite Viscoelastic Solid -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- CHAPTER 7. MULTIPLE INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behavior under Uniaxial Loading -- 7.3 Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behavior under Multiaxial Stress State -- 7.4 A Linearly Compressible Material -- 7.5 Incompressible Material Assumption -- 7.6 Linearly Compressible, II -- 7.7 Constant Volume -- 7.8 Incompressible and Linearly Compressible Creep in Terms of σ -- 7.9 Incompressible and Linearly Compressible Relaxation in Terms of ε -- 7.10 Constitutive Relations under Biaxial Stress and Strain. , 7.11 Constitutive Relations under Uniaxial Stress and Strain -- 7.12 Strain Components for Biaxial and Uniaxial Stress States, Compressible Material -- 7.13 Strain Components for Biaxial and Uniaxial Stress States, Linearly Compressible Material -- 7.14 Stress Components for Biaxial and Uniaxial Strain States -- 7.15 Approximating Nonlinear Constitutive Equations under Short Time Loading -- 7.16 Superposed Small Loading on a Large Constant Loading -- 7.17 Other Representations -- 7.18 Finite Linear Viscoelasticity -- 7.19 Elastic Fluid Theory -- 7.20 Thermodynamic Constitutive Theory -- CHAPTER 8. NONLINEAR CREEP AT CONSTANT STRESS AND RELAXATION AT CONSTANT STRAIN -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Constitutive Equations for 3 X 3 Matrix -- 8.3 Components of Strain for Creep at Constant Stress -- 8.4 Components of Stress for Relaxation at Constant Strain -- 8.5 Biaxial Constitutive Equations for 2 x 2 Matrix -- 8.6 Components of Strain (or Stress) for Biaxial States for 2 x 2 Matrix -- 8.7 Constitutive Equations for Linearly Compressible Material -- 8.8 Components of Strain for Creep of Linearly Compressible Material -- 8.9 Components of Stress for Relaxation of Linearly Compressible Material -- 8.10 Poisson's Ratio -- 8.11 Time Functions -- 8.12 Determination of Kernel Functions for Constant Stress Creep -- 8.13 Determination of Kernel Functions for Constant-Strain Stress-Relaxation -- 8.14 Experimental Results of Creep -- CHAPTER 9. NONLINEAR CREEP (OR RELAXATION) UNDER VARIABLE STRESS (OR STRAIN) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Direct Determination of Kernel Functions -- 9.3 Product-Form Approximation of Kernel Functions -- 9.4 Additive Forms of Approximation of Kernel Functions -- 9.5 Modified Superposition Method -- 9.6 Physical Linearity Approximation of Kernel Functions -- 9.7 Comparison. , CHAPTER 10. CONVERSION AND MIXING OF NONLINEAR CREEP AND RELAXATION -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Relation Between Creep and Stress Relaxation for Uniaxial Nonlinear Viscoelasticity -- 10.3 Example: Prediction of Uniaxial Stress Relaxation from Creep of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material -- 10.4 Relation Between Creep and Relaxation for Biaxial Nonlinear Viscoelasticity -- 10.5 Behavior of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material under Simultaneous Stress Relaxation in Tension and Creep in Torsion -- 10.6 Prediction of Creep and Relaxation under Arbitrary Input -- CHAPTER 11. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Nonlinear Creep Behavior at Elevated Temperatures -- 11.3 Determination of Temperature Dependent Kernel Functions -- 11.4 Creep Behavior under Continuously Varying Temperature-Uniaxial Case -- 11.5 Creep Behavior under Continuously Varying Temperature for Combined Tension and Torsion -- 11.6 Thermal Expansion Instability -- CHAPTER 12. NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Solid Circular Cross-section Shaft under Twisting -- 12.3 Beam under Pure Bending -- 12.4 Thick-walled Cylinder under Axially Symmetric Loading -- CHAPTER 13. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Loading Apparatus for Creep -- 13.3 Load Application -- 13.4 Test Specimen -- 13.5 Uniform Stressing or Straining -- 13.6 Strain Measurement -- 13.7 Temperature Control -- 13.8 Humidity and Temperature Controlled Room -- 13.9 Internal Pressure -- 13.10 Strain Control and Stress Measurement for Relaxation -- 13.11 A Machine for Combined Tension and Torsion -- APPENDIX A1: LIST OF SYMBOLS -- APPENDIX A2: MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE RELATION -- APPENDIX A3: UNIT STEP FUNCTION AND UNIT IMPULSE FUNCTION -- APPENDIX A4: LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION*. , APPENDIX A5: DERIVATION OF THE MODIFIED SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE FROM THE MULTIPLE INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION -- APPENDIX A6: CONVERSION TABLES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- SUBJECT INDEX -- AUTHOR INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Organizing for Development -- 2. Competing Public Interests -- 3. The Politics of Appropriation -- 4. Forging the Link -- 5. Years of Excess -- 6. The Politics of Exploitation -- 7. Legacy -- 8. The Ties That Bind -- Conclusion -- Maps -- Notes -- Bibliography -- I. Unpublished Materials -- II. Government Documents -- III. Periodicals -- IV. Books, Pamphlets, and Nongovernment Reports -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Photo Section.

Note: Front Cover -- Microemulsions: Theory and Practice -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Schulman' s Microemulsions -- I. Introduction -- II. Microemulsions of Commerce -- III. Physical Properties -- IV. Definitions -- Reference -- Chapter 2. Commercial History -- I. Introduction -- II. Carnauba Wax Emulsions -- III. Cutting Oils -- IV. Pine Oil Emulsions -- V. Flavor Emulsions -- VI. Pesticide Emulsions -- VII. Emulsion Polymers -- VIII. Other Systems -- References -- Chapter 3. Formulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Mechanics -- III. Choice of Emulsifiers -- IV. Emulsifiable Oils -- V. The Impasse -- VI. Rheology -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 4. How To Formulate Microemulsions with Less Surfactants -- I. Introduction -- II. Optical Identification of Microemulsions -- III. Relationship between w/o and o/w Microemulsions -- IV. Formulating Microemulsions with Less Solubilizer -- References -- Chapter 5. The Mixed Film Theory -- I. Introduction -- II. The Early Years -- III. The Bowcott and Schulman Paper -- IV. The Oil/Water Interface -- V. Complementary Studies -- VI. New Approaches -- References -- Chapter 6. Microemulsions and Micellar Solutions -- I. Stability of Microemulsions, Basic Factors -- II. Three- and Four-Component Diagrams Phase Diagrams -- III. W/O Microemulsions -- IV. O/W Microemulsions -- V. Mixed Film Theory versus Micellar Aspects -- VI. Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. Microemulsion and Tertiary Oil Recovery -- I. Introduction -- II. Effect of Capillary and Viscous Force son Residual Oil Saturation and Displacement Efficiency -- III. Desirable Physico-Chemical Properties of a Micro­emulsion Slug -- IV. Mobility Control Design for the Microemulsion Process -- V. Economic Aspects of the Process -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Nitrogen Metabolism -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume VIII -- Foreword: The New Volumes -- Preface to Volume VIII -- Note on the Use of Plant Names -- PREAMBLE TO CHAPTERS ONE THROUGH FOUR -- Chapter 1. Developments in Basic and Applied Biological Nitrogen Fixation1 -- I. Economic Importance of Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- II. Mechanisms of Nitrogen Fixation -- III. Metabolic Aspects -- IV. Nitrogen Fixation in Association with Plants -- V. Utilization of Nitrogen-Fixing Systems in Agriculture -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Nitrogen Metabolism -- I. Introduction: Then and Now -- II. The Extended Range of Nitrogen Compounds in Plants -- III. The Biochemical Reactions of Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants -- IV. Nitrogen Metabolism during Growth and Development -- V. Summary: Perspectives on Nitrogen Metabolism of Selected Plants -- References -- APPENDIX I -- APPENDIX II -- APPENDIX III -- APPENDIX IV -- Chapter 3. Protein Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Problems of Methodology -- III. Metabolism of Total Protein -- IV. Metabolism of Specific Proteins -- V. Metabolism of Seed Protein -- VI. Protein Degradation -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Distribution of Metabolites -- I. Introduction -- II. Transport Systems -- III. Identity of Transported Solutes -- IV. Working Units of the Plant's Transport System -- V. Case Histories of Transport Activity in Organ Functioning -- VI. Modeling the Transport and Utilization of Carbon- and Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites in a Whole Plant -- References -- EPILOGUE: INTEGRATION OF ENERGY, FORM, AND COMPOSITION -- Author Index -- Index to Plant Names -- Subject Index.