GLORIA — GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

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Asian dust-storm activity dominated by Chinese dynasty changes since 2000 BP (2020)

Chen, Fahu ; Chen, Shengqian ; Zhang, Xu ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 11(1), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 2041-1723

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Publication Date: 2020-04-14

Description: The Asian monsoon (AM) played an important role in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains unknown whether AM-mediated shifts in Chinese societies affect earth surface processes to the point of exceeding natural variability. Here, we present a dust storm intensity record dating back to the first unified dynasty of China (the Qin Dynasty, 221–207 B.C.E.). Marked increases in dust storm activity coincided with unified dynasties with large populations during strong AM periods. By contrast, reduced dust storm activity corresponded to decreased population sizes and periods of civil unrest, which was co-eval with a weakened AM. The strengthened AM may have facilitated the development of Chinese civilizations, destabilizing the topsoil and thereby increasing the dust storm frequency. Beginning at least 2000 years ago, human activities might have started to overtake natural climatic variability as the dominant controls of dust storm activity in eastern China.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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Successful ecosystem-based management of Antarctic krill should address uncertainties in krill recruitment, behaviour and ecological adaptation (2020)

Meyer, Bettina ; Atkinson, Angus ; Bernard, Kim S. ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(28), ISSN: 2662-4435

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Publication Date: 2020-11-12

Description: Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, supports a valuable commercial fishery in the Southwest Atlantic, which holds the highest krill densities and is warming rapidly. The krill catch is increasing, is concentrated in a small area, and has shifted seasonally from summer to autumn/winter. The fishery is managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, with the main goal of safeguarding the large populations of krill-dependent predators. Here we show that, because of the restricted distribution of successfully spawning krill and high inter-annual variability in their biomass, the risk of direct fishery impacts on the krill stock itself might be higher than previously thought. We show how management benefits could be achieved by incorporating uncertainty surrounding key aspects of krill ecology into management decisions, and how knowledge can be improved in these key areas. This improved information may be supplied, in part, by the fishery itself.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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Antarctic icebergs reorganize ocean circulation during Pleistocene glacials (2021)

Starr, Aidan ; Hall, Ian R. ; Barker, Stephen ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 589(7841), pp. 236-241, ISSN: 0028-0836

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Publication Date: 2021-02-03

Description: The dominant feature of large-scale mass transfer in the modern ocean is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The geometry and vigour of this circulation influences global climate on various timescales. Palaeoceanographic evidence suggests that during glacial periods of the past 1.5 million years the AMOC had markedly different features from today; in the Atlantic basin, deep waters of Southern Ocean origin increased in volume while above them the core of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) shoaled. An absence of evidence on the origin of this phenomenon means that the sequence of events leading to global glacial conditions remains unclear. Here we present multi-proxy evidence showing that northward shifts in Antarctic iceberg melt in the Indian–Atlantic Southern Ocean (0–50°E) systematically preceded deep-water mass reorganizations by one to two thousand years during Pleistocene-era glaciations. With the aid of iceberg-trajectory model experiments, we demonstrate that such a shift in iceberg trajectories during glacial periods can result in a considerable redistribution of freshwater in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that this, in concert with increased sea-ice cover, enabled positive buoyancy anomalies to ‘escape’ into the upper limb of the AMOC, providing a teleconnection between surface Southern Ocean conditions and the formation of NADW. The magnitude and pacing of this mechanism evolved substantially across the mid-Pleistocene transition, and the coeval increase in magnitude of the ‘southern escape’ and deep circulation perturbations implicate this mechanism as a key feedback in the transition to the ‘100-kyr world’, in which glacial–interglacial cycles occur at roughly 100,000-year periods.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

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Bacterial communities in temperate and polar coastal sands are seasonally stable (2021)

Miksch, Sebastian ; Meiners, Mirja ; Meyerdierks, Anke ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3ISME Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-11

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Publication Date: 2021-10-20

Description: Coastal sands are biocatalytic filters for dissolved and particulate organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin, thus, acting as centers of organic matter transformation. At high temporal resolution, we accessed the variability of benthic bacterial communities over two annual cycles at Helgoland (North Sea), and compared it with seasonality of communities in Isfjorden (Svalbard, 78°N) sediments, where primary production does not occur during winter. Benthic community structure remained stable in both, temperate and polar sediments on the level of cell counts and 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. Actinobacteriota of uncultured Actinomarinales and Microtrichales were a major group, with 8 ± 1% of total reads (Helgoland) and 31 ± 6% (Svalbard). Their high activity (frequency of dividing cells 28%) and in situ cell numbers of 〉10% of total microbes in Svalbard sediments, suggest Actinomarinales and Microtrichales as key heterotrophs for carbon mineralization. Even though Helgoland and Svalbard sampling sites showed no phytodetritus-driven changes of the benthic bacterial community structure, they harbored significantly different communities (p 〈 0.0001, r = 0.963). The temporal stability of benthic bacterial communities is in stark contrast to the dynamic succession typical of coastal waters, suggesting that pelagic and benthic bacterial communities respond to phytoplankton productivity very differently.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

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5

Electronic Resource

Tylosis oesophageal cancer mapped (1994)

Risk, J.M. ; Field, E.A. ; Field, J.K. ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature genetics 8 (1994), S. 319-321

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] Sir — Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a complex group of hereditary syndromes, which have been classified into diffuse, punctate, and focal forms1 according to the pattern of hyperkeratosis on the palms and soles. Diffuse pal-moplantar keratodermas can be further sub-divided by the presence ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1294-319

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Electronic Resource

Mutations in the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) in patients with Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (1994)

Weber, Bernhard H. F. ; Vogt, Gudrun ; Pruett, Ronald C. ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature genetics 8 (1994), S. 352-356

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] The hereditary macular dystrophies are progressive degenerations of the central retina and contribute significantly to irreversible visual loss in developed countries. Among these disorders, Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD), an autosomal dominant condition, provides an excellent mendelian model for ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1294-352

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7

Electronic Resource

A 300 kilobase interval genetic map of rice including 883 expressed sequences (1994)

Kurata, N. ; Nagamura, Y. ; Yamamoto, K. ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature genetics 8 (1994), S. 365-372

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] We have constructed a high resolution rice genetic map containing 1,383 DNA markers at an average interval of 300 kilobases (kb). The markers, distributed along 1,575 cM on 12 linkage groups, comprise 883 cDNAs, 265 genomic DNAs, 147 randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) and 88 other DNAs. ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1294-365

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8

Electronic Resource

Confirmation of BRCA1 by analysis of germline mutations linked to breast and ovarian cancer in ten families (1994)

Friedman, Lori S. ; Ostermeyer, Elizabeth A. ; Szabo, Csilla I. ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature genetics 8 (1994), S. 399-404

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] We provide genetic evidence supporting the identity of the candidate gene for BRCA1 through the characterization of germline mutations in 63 breast cancer patients and 10 ovarian cancer patients in ten families with cancer linked to chromosome 17q21. Nine different mutations were detected by ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1294-399

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9

Electronic Resource

Corrigendum: Frequent somatic mutations and homozygous deletions of the p16 (MTS1) gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (1994)

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature genetics 8 (1994), S. 410-410

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] Carlos Caldas, Stephan A. Harm, Luis T. da Costa, Mark S. Redston, Mieke Schutte, Albert B. Seymour, Craig L. Weinstein, Ralph H. Hruban, Charles J. Yeo & Scott E. Kern Nature Genetics 8, 27–32 (1994) In Fig. 2, the labels for the lanes “Panel” and “CFPAC1”were ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1294-410c

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10

Electronic Resource

Genome linkage scanning: systematic or intelligent? (1994)

Antonarakis, Stylianos E.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature genetics 8 (1994), S. 211-212

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] The availability of highly informative DNA polymorphic markers now permits the localization of any monogenic phenotype to a precise region of the human genome. The mapping of a disease gene is, in turn, a prerequisite for its positional cloning, the prediction of the corresponding protein, and for ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1194-211

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