Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Nanotechnology for Marine Antifouling -- Advances in Nanotechnology for Marine Antifouling -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 - Biofouling: current status and challenges -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Microbiology and biofouling -- 1.2.1 Historical background -- 1.3 Classification of biofouling -- 1.3.1 Microbiofouling -- 1.3.2 Macrobiofouling -- 1.4 Steps of biofouling -- 1.5 Factors affecting biofouling -- 1.5.1 Temperature -- 1.5.2 pH -- 1.5.3 Oxygen supply -- 1.5.4 Divergence of species -- 1.5.5 Sunlight -- 1.6 Industries and biofouling -- 1.6.1 Shipping industry -- 1.6.2 Medical industry -- 1.6.3 Power industry -- 1.6.4 Automobile industry -- 1.6.5 Plastics industry -- 1.6.6 Nutrition industry -- 1.7 Need of the hour -- 1.8 Conclusions -- References -- 2 - Bioinspired antifouling coatings with topographies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Marine biofouling -- 2.1.2 Biofouling mechanisms -- 2.1.3 Conventional antifouling strategies -- 2.1.4 Modern bioinspired strategies -- 2.2 Bioinspired antifouling coatings with topographies -- 2.2.1 Coatings with micro- and nanostructured topographies -- 2.2.1.1 Antifouling mechanisms of micro- and nanostructured surfaces -- 2.2.1.2 Bioinspired micro- and nanostructured coatings for combating biofouling -- Lotus-inspired coatings -- Shark-inspired coatings -- Shell-inspired coatings -- Mangrove-inspired coatings -- 2.2.2 Coatings with macroscopic topographies -- 2.2.2.1 Coatings inspired by terrestrial organisms -- 2.2.2.2 Coatings inspired by marine organisms -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- 3 - Bionic marine antifouling coating -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biofouling -- 3.2.1 Fouling process -- 3.2.2 Main antifouling strategies -- 3.3 Bionic antifouling strategy -- 3.3.1 Natural antifouling agent -- 3.3.1.1 Antifouling agents derived from marine organisms. , 3.3.1.2 Antifouling agents derived from terrestrial organisms -- 3.3.2 Antibacterial coating of quaternary ammonium salt-guanidine compound -- 3.3.3 Self-polishing antifouling coating -- 3.3.4 Photocatalytic antibacterial coating -- 3.3.5 Antimicrobial peptides -- 3.4 Bionic fouling release strategy -- 3.4.1 Low-surface energy surface (organic fluorine/silicone) -- 3.4.1.1 Silicone coating -- 3.4.1.2 Organic fluorine coating -- 3.4.2 Superhydrophobic self-cleaning surface -- 3.4.3 Hydrophilic surface -- 3.4.4 Amphipathic surface -- 3.4.5 Bionic surface with microstructure -- 3.4.6 Microphase separation structure surface -- 3.4.7 Bionic slippery liquid-infused surface -- 3.4.8 Bionic fluorescent coating -- 3.5 Other bionic strategies -- 3.5.1 Electrocatalytic antifouling -- 3.6 Summary and outlook -- References -- 4 - Zwitterionic antifouling coating -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chemical structure -- 4.3 Preparation of zwitterionic antifouling coatings -- 4.3.1 Monomeric zwitterionic antifouling coatings -- 4.3.2 Polymeric zwitterionic antifouling coatings -- 4.3.3 Zwitterion-based amphiphilic antifouling coatings -- 4.3.4 Degradable zwitterionic coatings -- 4.3.5 Other strategies -- References -- 5 - Beyond the marine antifouling activity: the environmental fate of commercial biocides and other antifouling age ... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Physicochemical properties -- 5.2.1 Water solubility -- 5.2.2 Octanol-water partition -- 5.2.3 Vapor pressure -- 5.3 Environmental fate properties -- 5.3.1 Sediment-water partition -- 5.3.2 Bioconcentration factor -- 5.4 Leaching and release rate -- 5.5 Persistence -- 5.5.1 Hydrolysis -- 5.5.2 Photolysis -- 5.5.3 Biodegradation -- 5.5.4 Identification of transformation products and pathways -- 5.6 Ecotoxicity assessment -- 5.7 Conclusion -- Funding -- References. , 6 - Ceramic polymer nanocomposites as eco-friendly marine antifouling coatings -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Marine fouling organisms -- 6.3 Costs of marine biofouling -- 6.4 Antifouling coating methods -- 6.5 Nonstick fouling-release coating approach -- 6.5.1 Fluoropolymeric fouling-release coatings -- 6.5.2 Silicone-based fouling-release coatings -- 6.6 Biomimetic antifouling methods -- 6.6.1 Superhydrophobicity in nature -- 6.6.2 Characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces -- 6.7 Advanced fouling-release and self-cleaning nanocomposite coatings -- 6.7.1 Silicone reinforced with ceramic nanofillers -- 6.7.2 Silicone-graphene-ceramic nanocomposites -- 6.8 Conclusions -- References -- 7 - Biodiversity of deep ocean on development of biofilms: Biofouling communities and corrosion performance of mate ... -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Variations in temperature, pressure, and oxygen with depth and their influence on biodiversity -- 7.3 Ocean microbiome and metagenomics of deep-sea planktonic and biofilm communities -- 7.4 Hydrothermal vent ecosystem -- 7.5 Cold seep/knoll and continental slope ecosystem -- 7.6 Seamount ecosystems -- 7.7 Corrosion performance of metals and alloys in deep-sea environment -- 7.8 Conclusions -- References -- 8 - Biofouling in the petroleum industry -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Field development and petroleum infrastructure -- 8.2.1 Upstream structures -- 8.2.2 Midstream and downstream equipment -- 8.3 Biofilm formation -- 8.3.1 Facilitating conditions -- 8.3.1.1 Temperature of seawater -- 8.3.1.2 Seawater zone -- 8.3.1.3 Currents and distance to shore -- 8.3.1.4 Substrata -- 8.3.2 Communication among microorganisms -- 8.4 Macrobiofoulers -- 8.5 Oil reservoirs and microorganisms -- 8.5.1 Microbial communities in oil reservoirs -- 8.5.1.1 Sulfate-reducing bacteria -- 8.5.1.2 Fermentative ARBs -- 8.5.2 Bioclogging in oil reservoirs. , 8.5.3 Produced water -- 8.6 Midstream and downstream -- 8.6.1 Pipelines -- 8.6.2 Fuel tanks -- 8.6.3 Risk assessment and monitoring structural biofouling -- 8.7 Conventional biofouling treatment process -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- 9 - Polymer/graphene-derived nanocomposites as advanced marine antifouling coatings -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Developing of maritime fouling -- 9.3 Graphene and graphene-based materials -- 9.4 Synthesis of graphene materials -- 9.4.1 Exfoliation and mechanical cleavage -- 9.4.2 Chemical exfoliation -- 9.4.3 Chemical vapor deposition -- 9.5 Graphene-derived nanocomposites -- 9.6 Graphene materials are used to create superhydrophobic surfaces -- 9.6.1 Solution casting method -- 9.6.2 Melt-blending method -- 9.6.3 In situ polymerization method -- 9.6.4 Electrospinning -- 9.6.5 Electrodeposition -- 9.7 Polymer-graphene materials and their interactions -- 9.8 Graphene-based nanocomposites for fouling-release coatings -- 9.9 Conclusions and outlooks -- References -- 10 - Nanoparticles as an exotic antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Metal-based nanomaterials -- 10.2.1 Gold nanoparticles -- 10.2.2 Silver nanoparticles -- 10.2.2.1 Mechanism of antiviral and antimicrobial activity -- 10.2.2.2 Silver v SARS-CoV-2 -- 10.2.2.3 Food packaging -- 10.2.3 Other metallic nanoparticles -- 10.3 Metal oxide-based nanomaterials -- 10.3.1 Disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 by metal oxides -- 10.3.2 Metal oxide nanoparticles in textiles -- 10.3.3 Metal oxide nanoparticles for food packaging -- 10.4 Carbon-based nanomaterials -- 10.4.1 Graphene and its derivatives -- 10.4.2 Fullerene -- 10.4.2.1 Antiviral mechanism of fullerene -- 10.4.2.2 Antimicrobial mechanism of fullerene -- 10.4.3 Polymeric nanomaterials -- 10.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 11 - Nanomaterial-based smart coatings for antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Strategies for antimicrobial surfaces -- 11.2.1 Contact-killing coatings -- 11.2.2 Antiadhesion/microbial repelling coatings -- 11.2.3 Release-based coatings -- 11.2.4 Multifunctional coatings -- 11.3 Nanomaterials in antimicrobial and antiviral smart coating -- 11.3.1 Inorganic nanomaterials -- 11.3.2 Organic nanomaterials -- 11.4 Application of nanomaterial-based antimicrobial and antiviral smart coatings -- 11.4.1 Medical devices -- 11.4.2 Health care facilities -- 11.4.3 Textiles -- 11.4.4 Food packaging -- 11.4.5 Industrial equipment -- 11.5 Challenges and future perspectives -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- 12 - Polymeric antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral coatings -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Antimicrobial polymer coatings -- 12.3 Antimicrobial biopolymer coatings -- 12.4 Protein-based antimicrobial surfaces -- 12.5 Metal-based coating as antimicrobial disinfectant -- 12.6 Mode of action in antimicrobial polymer coatings -- 12.7 Applications -- 12.7.1 Applications of antibacterial polymeric coatings -- 12.7.2 Applications of antifungal polymeric coatings -- 12.7.3 Applications of antiviral coatings -- 12.8 Challenges -- 12.9 Safety concerns and risk mitigation -- 12.10 Conclusion and future outlook -- References -- 13 - Antifouling mechanisms in and beyond nature: leverages in realization of bioinspired biomimetic antifouling co ... -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Biofouling in the marine environment -- 13.3 Wettability concepts -- 13.4 Developments in polymeric antifouling coatings -- 13.5 Natural superhydrophobic surfaces and mechanisms of bioinspired wettability -- 13.6 Effect of topographies and textures and biomimetic approaches investigated -- 13.7 Self-cleaning surfaces. , 13.8 Development of bioinspired slippery liquid-infused surfaces.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- Preface -- SOLAR SYSTEM NEIGHBOURS -- Why Does Earth Support Life while other Planets in our Solar System Do Not? The Goldilocks Principle -- Life on Earth, Running the Program Backwards -- Fossils of the Earliest Life -- Bacteria and Archaea -- Archaea -- Oxygen and Complex Organisms -- Last Universal Common Ancestor -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Endorsement -- Abstract -- Early Chemical Developments on a Young Planet -- THE LAST UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR -- STEPS LEADING UP TO THE LAST UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR -- DELIVERY OF WATER AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO THE COOLING EARTH -- An Explanation for the Observed Hydrogen Isotope Ratio -- Stanley Miller's Experiments -- THE INGREDIENTS: DELIVERY OF WATER AND ORGANICS TO THE COOLING EARTH -- CONCLUSION -- Order From Chaos: Formation of Vesicles and their Contents -- NOW THAT WE HAVE ESTABLISHED A PROBABLE SOURCE OF INGREDIENTS, HOW DID THIS BEGIN TO TAKE SHAPE AS LIFE? -- THE PREBIOTIC ERA AND MOLECULAR PALAEONTOLOGY -- EARLY OBSERVATIONS THAT LED TO THE RNA WORLD HYPOTHESIS -- MOLECULES CAPABLE OF SELF-ASSEMBLY: MORE ORDER FROM CHAOS -- SELF-ORGANIZATION -- CLAY TEMPLATES FOR POLYMER FORMATION -- FORMATION OF VESICLES IN FIRE AND ICE -- BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA -- Archaea -- ARCHAEA MEMBRANES -- FORMATION OF VESICLES IN FIRE AND ICE -- CONCLUSION -- Plate Tectonics that Generate the Fire -- DEEP VENTS VS. HOT SPRINGS -- CONCLUSION -- Formation of Peptides, Nucleotides and RNA -- SELF-REPRODUCTION BY LIMITED PEPTIDES -- NUCLEOTIDES -- THE RNA MOLECULE -- IN MODERN BIOCHEMISTRY, THERE ARE SEVERAL FORMS OF RNA WITHIN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, EACH OF WHICH HAS A DIFFERENT SHAPE AND FUNCTION. -- RIBOZYMES AND THE RNA WORLD -- THE RNA WORLD -- PRODUCTION OF RIBOZYMES -- THE RNA-PEPTIDE WORLD. , PRIMITIVE SELECTION OF THE FITTEST EMERGING THROUGH FUNCTIONAL SYNERGY IN NUCLEOPEPTIDE NETWORKS -- CONCLUSION -- Development of the Genetic Code -- [Collective Evolution and the Genetic Code] -- Collective Evolution and the Genetic Code -- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction -- NUCLEOPROTEIN NETWORKS -- BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFE -- The Origin and Evolution of Viruses as Molecular Organisms October 2009 Nature Precedings 4TY - -- THEORIES AND EXPERIMENTS OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION -- WHAT SET UP THE CONDITIONS FOR LIFE TO ARISE? -- A Study of the Interaction of Glycine and its Oligohomopeptides with Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions -- CONCLUSION -- Sense-Antisense Peptide Recognition, Peptides and Protein Folding -- PROTEIN FOLDING -- The Folding Problem -- IS THERE A PLACE FOR ANTISENSE IN EVOLUTION? -- Implications for Modern Biochemistry -- CONCLUSION -- Summary of the Stages of the Process Toward the Origin of Life -- STAGE 1 -- STAGE 2 -- STAGE 3 -- Appendix -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Subject Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- About the Author -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Prologue -- 1 The Streets Belong to All of Us -- 2 Caution - Children at Play -- 3 The Story That's Never Told -- 4 On Automatic Pilot -- 5 Public Space as if People Mattered -- What's the Next Step? -- Acknowledgements -- Endnotes -- Glossary.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Introduction -- Contents -- Tyrannosaurus rex -- Giganotosaurus -- Allosaurus -- Deinonychus -- Utahraptor -- Spinosaurus -- Iguanodon -- Triceratops -- Stygimoloch -- Psittacosaurus -- Ankylosaurus -- Velociraptor -- Brachiosaurus -- Diplodocus -- Dreadnoughtus -- Maiasaura -- Corythosaurus -- Parasaurolophus -- Plateosaurus -- Therizinosaurus -- Coelophysis -- Microraptor -- Compsognathus -- Avimimus -- Archaeopteryx -- Quetzalcoatlus -- Pterodactylus -- Elasmosaurus -- Kronosaurus -- Mixosaurus -- Tylosaurus -- Dimetrodon -- Gastonia -- Sarcosuchus.

Note: Cover -- Theorizing Music Evolution -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Introduction: Music and Evolution Revisited -- The Revival of Evolutionary Musicology -- Historicizing Music as a Deconstructed Thing -- Evolutionary Claims Are Ontological Claims -- Book Structure and Chapter Summaries -- 1. Herbert Spencer Writes to Alfred Tennyson -- Spencer the Evolutionist -- Spencer Writes to Charles Darwin -- The Shifting Terrain of Victorian Evolution Theories -- Spencer's Earworm -- 2. Charles Darwin vs. Herbert Spencer on the Origins of Music -- Music in Darwin's Early Notebooks and The Descent of Man -- Music in Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals -- Spencer's Theory of Music Perception -- Spencer and Darwin's Entwined Theories of Music -- A Debate without a Winner -- 3. Sound Symbolism in Spencer's Evolutionary Thought -- Spencer's Evolutionary Theory of Music-​Basic Theses -- Sound Symbolism as Imperial Metaphor in Spencer's Evolutionary Thought -- Music and Language as Constructed through Theories of Origins -- Plato's Contribution: Centering Sound Symbolism -- Implications and Consequences of Spencer's Sound Symbolism -- Evolutionary Voices and Nonlinear Histories -- 4. The Darwinian Musical Hypothesis -- What Is the Darwinian Musical Hypothesis? -- Antoinette Brown Blackwell's Feminist Critique of Darwin -- Problems with Applying Darwin's Theory of Sexual Selection -- Darwinian Musical Aesthetics -- Against Adaptationism -- 5. Edmund Gurney's Darwinian Music Formalism -- Gurney's Evolutionary Music Theory as Idealized Model -- Gurney, Darwin, and "Association" -- Problematizing Gurnian Formalism -- Conclusion: Post-​Darwinian Music Theory -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- A Convex Mirror -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. The Single Thought -- Introduction -- 1. Philosophy as a system -- 2. What is the single thought? -- 3. The unity and its parts -- 4. Science and philosophy of nature in the system -- 5. The Second Book of The World as Will and Representation -- 6. Philosophy of nature -- 2. An Early and Abiding Engagement with the Sciences -- Introduction -- 1. A taste for the sciences -- 2. The choice of Göttingen -- 3. Scientific education at Göttingen and Berlin -- 4. From physiology to philosophy -- 5. Berlin and the animal magnetism affair -- 3. Metaphysician and Naturforscher at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century -- Introduction -- 1. Kielmeyer, Schelling, and Naturphilosophie -- 2. Will and evolution -- 3. The Romantic legacy -- 4. Spiritism and physiology -- 5. Goethe, master and adversary -- 6. Colors as specific sensations in the eye -- 4. Metaphysics of Nature in The World as Will and Representation -- Introduction -- 1. The will between metaphysics and science -- 2. Analogy -- 3. Ideas and forces -- 4. Stufenfolge, teleology, and temporality -- 5. Philosophy of nature -- 5. In Dialogue with Kant and Schelling -- Introduction -- 1. On Kant's metaphysics of nature -- 2. The fascination of Schelling's Naturphilosophie -- 3. Appreciation and criticism of Naturphilosophie -- 4. Distinguishing science from philosophy -- 5. The conundrum of the philosophy of nature -- 6. Toward a philosophy of science -- 6. A New Season -- Introduction -- 1. Great hopes, hard times -- 2. A second edition of The World as Will and Representation? -- 3. The Supplements and the system -- 4. The rediscovery of Kant and Schelling's ghost -- 5. A new status for the sciences: professionalism and disciplines -- 7. Philosophy of the Sciences. , Introduction -- 1. The Vorlesungen and the system -- 2. Turning points -- 3. Foliant 37 -- 4. Philosophizing scientists -- 5. Philosophizing on the sciences -- 6. Physiology and philosophy -- 8. On Will in Nature: A Philosophical Work -- Introduction -- 1. A new appreciation of On Will in Nature -- 2. Confirmation and the scientists' insight into the will -- 3. Relinquishing the Ideas -- 4. Will and causality -- 5. The crucial role of On Will in Nature -- 9. Grappling with the Sciences -- Introduction -- 1. The chemical syllogism -- 2. A new approach to teleology -- 3. Creative drives -- 4. Intellect and brain, representation and reality -- 5. Matter, forces, and scientific realism -- 10. Essences, Emergence, and Ground -- Introduction -- 1. Ideas, or explaining the phenomenal world -- 2. Ideas and aesthetic experience -- 3. Ideas as essences -- 4. Teleology as an emergent property -- 5. Will and metaphysics -- 6. Definitions of will -- 7. Will and metaphysical grounding -- Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography -- Index.