Description: High resolution global grids of revised Priestley-Taylor and Hargreaves-Samani coefficients for assessing ASCE-standardized reference crop evapotranspiration and solar radiation Vassilis G. Aschonitis, Dimitris Papamichail, Kleoniki Demertzi, Nicolo Colombani, Micol Mastrocicco, Andrea Ghirardini, Giuseppe Castaldelli, and Elisa Anna Fano Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi:10.5194/essd-2016-59,2016 Manuscript under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) The study provides high resolution global grids of revised annual coefficients for the Priestley-Taylor and Hargreaves-Samani evapotranspiration methods after calibration based on ASCE-standardized Penman-Monteith method. Additional analysis was also performed in order to develop respective coefficients for the solar radiation formula of Hargreaves-Samani. The results of the study can be used to improve evapotranspiration assessment for regions with limited climatic data.

Description: From pole to pole: 33 years of physical oceanography on board of R/V POLARSTERN Amelie Driemel, Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt, Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller, Antje Boetius, Gereon Budéus, Boris Cisewski, Ralph Engbrodt, Steffen Gauger, Walter Geibert, Patrizia Geprägs, Dieter Gerdes, Rainer Gersonde, Arnold L. Gordon, Hannes Grobe, Hartmut H. Hellmer, Enrique Isla, Stanley S. Jacobs, Markus Janout, Wilfried Jokat, Michael Klages, Gerhard Kuhn, Jens Meincke, Sven Ober, Svein Østerhus, Ray G. Peterson, Benjamin Rabe, Bert Rudels, Ursula Schauer, Michael Schröder, Stefanie Schumacher, Rainer Sieger, Jüri Sildam, Thomas Soltwedel, Elena Stangeew, Manfred Stein, Volker H. Strass, Jörn Thiede, Sandra Tippenhauer, Cornelis Veth, Wilken-Jon von Appen, Marie-France Weirig, Andreas Wisotzki, Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow, and Torsten Kanzow Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi:10.5194/essd-2016-64,2016 Manuscript under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) Our oceans are always in motion – huge water masses are circulated by winds and by global seawater density gradients resulting from different water temperatures and salinities. Measuring temperature and salinity of the world's oceans is crucial e.g. to understand our climate. Since 1983, the research icebreaker POLARSTERN has been the basis of numerous water profile measurements in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We report on a unique collection of 33 years of polar salinity and temperature data.

Description: The global methane budget 2000–2012 Marielle Saunois, Philippe Bousquet, Ben Poulter, Anna Peregon, Philippe Ciais, Josep G. Canadell, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Giuseppe Etiope, David Bastviken, Sander Houweling, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Francesco N. Tubiello, Simona Castaldi, Robert B. Jackson, Mihai Alexe, Vivek K. Arora, David J. Beerling, Peter Bergamaschi, Donald R. Blake, Gordon Brailsford, Victor Brovkin, Lori Bruhwiler, Cyril Crevoisier, Patrick Crill, Kristofer Covey, Charles Curry, Christian Frankenberg, Nicola Gedney, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Misa Ishizawa, Akihiko Ito, Fortunat Joos, Heon-Sook Kim, Thomas Kleinen, Paul Krummel, Jean-François Lamarque, Ray Langenfelds, Robin Locatelli, Toshinobu Machida, Shamil Maksyutov, Kyle C. McDonald, Julia Marshall, Joe R. Melton, Isamu Morino, Vaishali Naik, Simon O'Doherty, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Glen P. Peters, Isabelle Pison, Catherine Prigent, Ronald Prinn, Michel Ramonet, William J. Riley, Makoto Saito, Monia Santini, Ronny Schroeder, Isobel J. Simpson, Renato Spahni, Paul Steele, Atsushi Takizawa, Brett F. Thornton, Hanqin Tian, Yasunori Tohjima, Nicolas Viovy, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Michiel van Weele, Guido R. van der Werf, Ray Weiss, Christine Wiedinmyer, David J. Wilton, Andy Wiltshire, Doug Worthy, Debra Wunch, Xiyan Xu, Yukio Yoshida, Bowen Zhang, Zhen Zhang, and Qiuan Zhu Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 697-751, doi:10.5194/essd-8-697-2016, 2016 An accurate assessment of the methane budget is important to understand the atmospheric methane concentrations and trends and to provide realistic pathways for climate change mitigation. The various and diffuse sources of methane as well and its oxidation by a very short lifetime radical challenge this assessment. We quantify the methane sources and sinks as well as their uncertainties based on both bottom-up and top-down approaches provided by a broad international scientific community.

Description: New anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene; HYDE 3.2 Kees Klein Goldewijk, Arthur Beusen, Jonathan Doelman, and Elke Stehfest Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi:10.5194/essd-2016-58,2016 Manuscript under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) This is an update of the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) which is an internally consistent combination of historical population estimates and time-dependent land use allocation algorithms for 10 000 BCE–2015 CE. Categories include cropland, separated into irrigated and rain fed rice and non-rice crops. Grazing lands are divided into more intense pasture and less intensive rangelands. Population include total, urban, rural population, population density and built-up area.

Description: A global water resources ensemble of hydrological models: the eartH2Observe Tier-1 dataset Jaap Schellekens, Emanuel Dutra, Alberto Martínez-de la Torre, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Albert van Dijk, Frederiek Sperna Weiland, Marie Minvielle, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Bertrand Decharme, Stephanie Eisner, Gabriel Fink, Martina Flörke, Stefanie Peßenteiner, Rens van Beek, Jan Polcher, Hylke Beck, René Orth, Ben Calton, Sophia Burke, Wouter Dorigo, and Graham P. Weedon Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi:10.5194/essd-2016-55,2016 Manuscript under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) The dataset combines the results of ten global models that describe the global continental water cycle. The data can be used as input for water resources studies, flood frequency studies etc. at different scales from continental to medium scale catchments, especially in data scare regions. We compared the results with earth observation data and conclude that most uncertainties are found in snow dominated regions and tropical rainforest and monsoon regions.

Description: C-GLORSv5: an improved multipurpose global ocean eddy-permitting physical reanalysis Andrea Storto and Simona Masina Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 679-696, doi:10.5194/essd-8-679-2016, 2016 A large number of applications related to the study of ocean climate require reliable datasets of the main physical variables of the ocean. Ocean reanalyses are a methodology based on the synthesis of information from ocean observations and models, and near-surface atmospheric observations into a dataset in a way as consistent in time as possible. In this paper, we describe and validate an upgraded version of the CMCC global ocean physical reanalysis (1980–present) at 1 / 4° resolution.

Description: An explicit GIS-based river basin framework for aquatic ecosystem conservation in the Amazon Eduardo Venticinque, Bruce Forsberg, Ronaldo Barthem, Paulo Petry, Laura Hess, Armando Mercado, Carlos Cañas, Mariana Montoya, Carlos Durigan, and Michael Goulding Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 651-661, doi:10.5194/essd-8-651-2016, 2016 Despite large-scale infrastructure development in the Amazon Basin, relatively little attention has been paid to the wetlands, fisheries and other aspects of aquatic ecosystems. In this data article, we present a GIS framework that was developed for the analysis, management and monitoring of aquatic systems in the Amazon Basin.

Description: Using ground-penetrating radar, topography and classification of vegetation to model the sediment and active layer thickness in a periglacial lake catchment, western Greenland Johannes Petrone, Gustav Sohlenius, Emma Johansson, Tobias Lindborg, Jens-Ove Näslund, Mårten Strömgren, and Lars Brydsten Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 663-677, doi:10.5194/essd-8-663-2016, 2016 This paper presents data and resulting models of spatial distributions of maximum active layer thickness and sediment thickness and their connection to surface vegetation and topography from the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The data set constitutes geometrical information and will be used in coupled hydrological and biogeochemical modeling together with previous published hydrological data ( doi:10.5194/essd-7-93-2015 , 2015) and biogeochemical data ( doi:10.5194/essd-8-439-2016 , 2016).

Description: PeRL: A Circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake Database Sina Muster, Kurt Roth, Moritz Langer, Stephan Lange, Fabio Cresto Aleina, Annett Bartsch, Anne Morgenstern, Guido Grosse, Benjamin Jones, A. Britta K. Sannel, Ylva Sjöberg, Frank Günther, Christian Andresen, Alexandra Veremeeva, Prajna R. Lindgren, Frédéric Bouchard, Mark J. Lara, Daniel Fortier, Simon Charbonneau, Tarmo A. Virtanen, Gustaf Hugelius, Juri Palmtag, Matthias B. Siewert, William J. Riley, Charles D. Koven, and Julia Boike Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi:10.5194/essd-2016-56,2016 Manuscript under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) Waterbodies are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. Most waterbodies are ponds having a surface area smaller than 100 × 100 m. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake Database (PeRL) for the first time mapped ponds as small as 10 × 10 m. PeRL maps can be used to document changes both by comparing them to historical and future imagery. The distribution of waterbodies in the Arctic is important to know in order to manage resources in the Arctic and to improve climate predictions in the Arctic.

Description: KRILLBASE: a circumpolar database of Antarctic krill and salp numerical densities, 1926–2016 Angus Atkinson, Simeon L. Hill, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Volker Siegel, Ricardo Anadon, Sanae Chiba, Kendra L. Daly, Rod Downie, Peter Fretwell, Laura Gerrish, Graham W. Hosie, Mark J. Jessopp, So Kawaguchi, Bjørn A. Krafft, Valerie Loeb, Jun Nishikawa, Helen J. Peat, Christian S. Reiss, Robin M. Ross, Langdon B. Quetin, Katrin Schmidt, Deborah K. Steinberg, Roshni C. Subramaniam, Geraint A. Tarling, and Peter Ward Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi:10.5194/essd-2016-52,2016 Manuscript under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) KRILLBASE is a data rescue and compilation project to improve the availability of information on two key Southern Ocean's zooplankton: Antarctic krill and salps. We provide a circumpolar database that combines 15,194 scientific net hauls (1926 to 2016) from ten countries. These data provide a resource for analysing the distribution and abundance of krill and salps throughout the Southern Ocean, to support ecological and biogeochemical research as well as fisheries management and conservation.