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  • Articles  (78)
  • 2015-2019  (78)
  • 2015  (78)
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  • Articles  (78)
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  • 2015-2019  (78)
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  • 1
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    Geomorphic and sedimentary responses of the Bull Creek Valley (Southern High Plains, USA) to Pleistocene and Holocene environmental change (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-23
    Description: Publication date: Available online 21 December 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Hanna M. Arauza, Alexander R. Simms, Leland C. Bement, Brian J. Carter, Travis Conley, Ammanuel Woldergauy, William C. Johnson, Priyank Jaiswal Fluvial geomorphology and stratigraphy often reflect past environmental and climate conditions. This study examines the response of Bull Creek, a small ephemeral creek in the Oklahoma panhandle, to environmental conditions through the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Fluvial terraces were mapped and their stratigraphy and sedimentology documented throughout the course of the main valley. Based on their elevations, terraces were broadly grouped into a late-Pleistocene fill terrace (T3) and two Holocene fill-cut terrace sets (T2 and T1). Terrace systems are marked by similar stratigraphies recording the general environmental conditions of the time. Sedimentary sequences preserved in terrace fills record the transition from a perennial fluvial system during the late glacial period and the Younger Dryas to a semiarid environment dominated by loess accumulation and punctuated by flood events during the middle to late Holocene. The highest rates of aeolian accumulation within the valley occurred during the early to middle Holocene. Our data provide significant new information regarding the late-Pleistocene and Holocene environmental history for this region, located between the well-studied Southern and Central High Plains of North America.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Holocene glacier fluctuations inferred from lacustrine sediment, Emerald Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Publication date: Available online 17 December 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Taylor S. LaBrecque, Darrell S. Kaufman Physical and biological characteristics of lacustrine sediment from Emerald Lake were used to reconstruct the Holocene glacier history of Grewingk Glacier, southern Alaska. Emerald Lake is an ice-marginal threshold lake, receiving glaciofluvial sediment when Grewingk Glacier overtops the topographic divide that separates it from the lake. Sub-bottom acoustical profiles were used to locate core sites to maximize both the length and resolution of the sedimentary sequence recovered in the 4-m-long cores. The age model for the composite sequence is based on 13 14 C ages and a 210 Pb profile. A sharp transition from the basal inorganic mud to organic-rich mud at 11.4 ± 0.2 ka marks the initial retreat of Grewingk Glacier below the divide of Emerald Lake. The overlaying organic-rich mud is interrupted by stony mud that records a re-advance between 10.7 ± 0.2 and 9.8 ± 0.2 ka. The glacier did not spill meltwater into the lake again until the Little Ice Age, consistent with previously documented Little Ice Ages advances on the Kenai Peninsula. The retreat of Grewingk Glacier at 11.4 ka took place as temperature increased following the Younger Dryas, and the subsequent re-advance corresponds with a climate reversal beginning around 11 ka across southern Alaska.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a paleosol catena, the Zinj archeological level, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-12
    Description: Publication date: Available online 10 December 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Steven G. Driese, Gail M. Ashley Paleosols record paleoclimatic processes in the Earth's Critical Zone and are archives of ancient landscapes associated with archeological sites. Detailed field, micromorphologic, and bulk geochemical analysis of paleosols were conducted near four sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania within the same stratigraphic horizon as the Zinjanthropus ( Paranthropus ) boisei archeological site. Paleosols are thin (〈 35 cm), smectitic, and exhibit Vertisol shrink–swell features. Traced across the paleolandscape over 1 km and just beneath Tuff IC (1.845 Ma), the paleosols record a paleocatena in which soil moisture at the four sites was supplemented by seepage additions from adjacent springs, and soil development was enhanced by this additional moisture. Field evidence revealed an abrupt lateral transition in paleosol composition at the PTK site (〈 1.5 m apart) in which paleosol B, formed nearest the spring system, is highly siliceous, vs. paleosol A, formed in smectitic clay. Thin-section investigations combined with mass-balance geochemistry, using Chapati Tuff as parent material and assuming immobile Ti, show moderately intense weathering. Pedotransfer functions indicate a fertile soil system, but sodicity may have limited some plant growth. Paleosol bulk geochemical proxies used to estimate paleoprecipitation (733–944 mm/yr), are higher than published estimates of 250–700 mm/yr using δD values of lipid biomarkers.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 4
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    Evidence for historical human-induced extinctions of vertebrate species on La Désirade (French West Indies) (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Publication date: Available online 8 December 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Myriam Boudadi-Maligne, Salvador Bailon, Corentin Bochaton, Fabrice Casagrande, Sandrine Grouard, Nathalie Serrand, Arnaud Lenoble Pit cave 6 on Pointe Gros Rempart (Baie-Mahault, La Désirade, French West Indies) is a stratified fossil-bearing site. While the archaeological material and faunal remains from the oldest assemblage demonstrate it to have formed during the Amerindian period, the second assemblage dates to the first one-hundred years of the island's colonial period (mid-18th to mid-19th centuries). Faunal analysis revealed the presence of 4 now locally extinct or extinct species, three of which have never before been documented on La Désirade ( Ameiva sp., Leiocephalus cf. cuneus and Alsophis sp.). Changing faunal spectrums (invertebrates and vertebrates) due to environmental destabilisation combined with aspects of the island's colonial economy demonstrate habitat degradation and over-grazing to be the principal causes of extinctions and or extirpations.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Geochemical “fingerprints” for Olduvai Gorge Bed II tuffs and implications for the Oldowan–Acheulean transition (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-08
    Description: Publication date: Available online 7 December 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Lindsay J. McHenry, Jackson K. Njau, Ignacio de la Torre, Michael C. Pante Bed II is a critical part of early Pleistocene Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Its deposits include transitions from humid to more arid conditions (with associated faunal changes), from Homo habilis to erectus , and from Oldowan to Acheulean technology. Bed II (~ 1.8–1.2 Ma) is stratigraphically and environmentally complex, with facies changes, faulting, and unconformities, making site-to-site correlation over the ~ 20 km of exposure difficult. Bed II tuffs are thinner, less evenly preserved, and more reworked than those of Bed I. Five marker tuffs (Tuffs IIA–IID, Bird Print Tuff (BPT)), plus local tephra, were collected from multiple sites and characterized using stratigraphic position, mineral assemblage, and electron probe microanalysis of phenocryst (feldspar, hornblende, augite, titanomagnetite) and glass (where available) composition. Lowermost Bed II tuffs are dominantly nephelinitic, Middle Bed II tuffs (BPT, Tuff IIC) have basaltic components, and upper Bed II Tuff IID is trachytic. The BPT and Tuff IID are identified widely using phenocryst compositions (high-Ca plagioclase and high-Ti hornblende, respectively), though IID was originally (Hay, 1976) misidentified as Tuff IIC at Loc 91 (SHK Annexe) in the Side Gorge. This work helps establish a high-resolution basin-wide paleolandscape context for the Oldowan–Acheulean transition and helps link hominin, faunal and archaeological records.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 6
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    Middle Holocene coastal environment and the rise of the Liangzhu City complex on the Yangtze delta, China (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-19
    Description: Publication date: Available online 14 November 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Yan Liu, Qianli Sun, Ian Thomas, Li Zhang, Brian Finlayson, Weiguo Zhang, Jing Chen, Zhongyuan Chen The large prehistoric city of Liangzhu and its associated earthen dike emerged on the Yangtze delta-coast after two millennia of occupation in this area by scattered communities. Details of its development have been widely discussed in the literature. Our results reveal that the city was selectively built at the head of an embayment backed by hills, with close access to food, freshwater and timber, and with protection from coastal hazards. Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating shows that it was built around 4.8–4.5 ka, and the earthen dike was constructed a little later at ~ 4.1 ka. During this time, saltwater wetlands were changing to freshwater in response to rapid coastal progradation as the postglacial sea-level rise stabilized. This facilitated rice farming and furthered the development of the city with elaborate city planning. The younger large-scale earthen dike and artificial ponds possibly suggest increasing demand for flood mitigation and irrigation.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 7
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    Centennial- to millennial-scale change of Holocene shallow marine environments recorded in ostracode fauna, northeast Japan (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: Publication date: Available online 11 November 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Toshiaki Irizuki, Miki Kobe, Ken’ichi Ohkushi, Hodaka Kawahata, Katsunori Kimoto Using the record of shallow-marine ostracode fauna and sediment grain size data from an 865-cm-long piston core obtained from Mutsu Bay, northeast Japan, paleoceanographic changes of the bay were determined at high resolution for the early to middle Holocene. Changes in the relative frequencies of several species showed periodicities of 1300–1800 years similar to Bond cycles. At around 10,300 cal yr BP and again, at 9500–9300 cal yr BP, cold water strongly influenced the bay owing to cooling events. Since at least 10,200 cal yr BP the Tsugaru Warm Current influenced the surface waters, and, since ca. 7400 cal yr BP, also the bottom waters of the bay. Since ca. 8400 cal yr BP the water depth rapidly increased and peaked at 7000–5900 cal yr BP due to global sea-level rise. Subsequently, a drop of water temperature and sea level in the bay at 5900 and around 4000 cal yr BP influenced the composition of the ostracode assemblages. These millennial-scale oscillations in relative sea level and bay temperature during the Holocene can be correlated to paleoclimate records elsewhere.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 8
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    Late Plio-Pleistocene humidity fluctuations in the western Qaidam Basin (NE Tibetan Plateau) revealed by an integrated magnetic–palynological record from lacustrine sediments (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: Publication date: Available online 11 November 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Christian Herb, Andreas Koutsodendris, Weilin Zhang, Erwin Appel, Xiaomin Fang, Silke Voigt, Jörg Pross Deciphering the climatic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau region during the Plio-Pleistocene is hampered by the lack of continuous archives and proxy datasets indicative of moisture availability. Here we assess the suitability of magnetic susceptibility (χ) measured on lacustrine sediments as a paleohydrological proxy based on material from drill core SG-1 (2.69–0.08 Ma) from the western Qaidam Basin. Our assessment is based on directly comparing χ with the Artemisia /Chenopodiaceae (A/C) pollen ratio, which represents a sensitive, well-established proxy for moisture changes in arid environments. We find that higher and lower χ values represent drier and less dry conditions, respectively, for the Late Plio-Pleistocene. Less dry phases were likely caused by transiently increased influence of the westerlies and/or decreased influence of the Asian winter monsoon on glacial–interglacial time scales. An exception from this relationship is the interval between ~ 1.9 and 1.3 Ma, when the SG-1 χ record exhibits a 54 ka cyclicity, which may indicate summer monsoon influence on the Qaidam Basin during that time. After ~ 1.3 Ma, the summer monsoon influence may have ceased due to global cooling, with the consequence that the Asian winter monsoon and the westerlies exerted a stronger control on the hydrology of the Qaidam Basin.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
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  • 9
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    Calibrating the pollen signal in modern rodent middens from northern Chile to improve the interpretation of the late Quaternary midden record (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: Publication date: Available online 11 November 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): María Eugenia de Porras, Antonio Maldonado, Andrés Zamora-Allendes, Claudio Latorre The use of rodent middens from northern Chile as paleoecological archives has at times been questioned due to concerns about their biogenic origin and the degree to which their record represents vegetation composition rather than rodent habits. To address such concerns, we carried out a modern calibration study to assess the representation of vegetation by pollen records from rodent middens. We compared vegetation censuses with soil-surface and midden (matrix and feces) pollen samples from sites between 21° and 28°S. The results show that (1) the pollen signal from the midden matrix provides a more realistic reflection of local vegetation than soil-surface samples due to the pollen-deposition processes that occur in middens; and (2) in contrast to feces pollen assemblages, which feature some biases, rodent dietary habits do not seem to influence midden matrix pollen assemblages, probably because midden agents are dietary generalists. Our finding that modern pollen data from rodent middens reflect vegetation patterns confirms the reliability of midden pollen records as paleoecological archives in northern Chile.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Paleohydrology of the Santiaguillo Basin (Mexico) since late last glacial and climate variation in southern part of western subtropical North America (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-08
    Description: Publication date: Available online 6 November 2015 Source: Quaternary Research Author(s): Priyadarsi D. Roy, Claudia M. Chávez-Lara, Laura E. Beramendi-Orosco, José L. Sánchez-Zavala, Gowrappan Muthu-Sankar, Rufino Lozano-Santacruz, Jesús D. Quiroz-Jimenez, Nayeli López-Balbiaux Stratigraphy, geochemistry and radiocarbon dating of a succession of sediment in the Santiaguillo Basin (central-northern Mexico) help reconstruct the millennial-scale dynamics of hydrological variability that occurred in the southern part of western subtropical North America since the late last glacial. Runoff was generally above average during the late last glacial from ~ 27 to 18 ka. Following this interval, runoff decreased and deposition of authigenic carbonate and aeolian transported sediment increased until ~ 4 ka. Heinrich 1 and 2, and Younger Dryas were intervals of reduced runoff and increased aeolian activity. The wetter climate of central-northern Mexico and arid conditions in north–northwestern Mexico during the late last glacial were probably related to formation of tropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific during the autumn with restricted rainfall swaths and an absent/weaker North American Monsoon. Enhanced North American Monsoon and tropical cyclones with expanded rainfall swaths brought more summer and autumn precipitation to a broader region extending from the central-northern Mexico to the continental interiors of southwestern US during the early Holocene.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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