Description:    Total mercury concentration in water, seston, soils, and muscle tissues of fish in water bodies in Khan Hoa province was determined. Hg concentration in water does not exceed 40 ng/l. It migrates in water mostly in dissolved form. Hg concentration in soils of the examined water bodies varies from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/(kg dry mass) and that in the muscle tissues of fish on the average does not exceed 1.4 mg/(kg dry mass). Content Type Journal Article Category Water Quality and Protection: Environmental Aspects Pages 799-805 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811060091 Authors N. V. Lobus, Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, 152742 Russia V. T. Komov, Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, 152742 Russia Nguyen Thi Hai Thanh, Coastal Department of the Russia Vietnamese Tropical Center, Joint Russia-Vietnam Research and Technological Center, Nha Trang Nyachang, Vietnam Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    The available observational data on the pollution of tributaries and areas of the Caspian Sea by petroleum hydrocarbons and products are examined. The possible petroleum input from sources in the sea is assessed using up-to-date data of satellite observations of sea surface pollution by oil films. The hydroecological CNPSi-model is applied to studying water pollution processes by petroleum hydrocarbons in ten areas chosen in the Caspian Sea and the subsequent biodegradation of those pollutants. The model calculations of the within-year dynamics of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations use mean annual observational data on within-year variations in water mediium characteristics (water temperature, light intensity, and transparency), as well as the morphometric parameters of sea areas (the area, mean depth, and water volumes). The characteristics of water exchange between the areas were evaluated using a hydrodynamic model. The model calculations were used to characterize the within-year variations in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations, the biomasses of petroleum-oxidizing bacteria, the characteristics of their oxidation activity and bioproduction, and the internal fluxes of petroleum hydrocarbons (their input from various sources, horizontal and vertical transport, and biotransformation) in different sea areas. Calculation results were used to compile annual balances for the processes of input and consumption of petroleum hydrocarbons in the chosen and aggregated sea areas. Content Type Journal Article Category Water Quality and Protection: Environmental Aspects Pages 774-798 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811040075 Authors A. V. Leonov, Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskii prosp. 36, Moscow, 117997 Russia O. V. Chicherina, Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskii prosp. 36, Moscow, 117997 Russia L. V. Semenyak, All-Russia Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, ul. Verkhnyaya Krasnosel’skaya 17, Moscow, 197140 Russia Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    In the present work, a resistance equation has been developed empirically for the alluvial channel by using a large database of flume and field experimental observations. Advantage of the present model is that it includes the effect of Froude number, Reynolds number and particle relative roughness parameter on friction factor. Developed model predicts well the friction factor in the alluvial channel. The validity of the equation is tested with most recent experimental and field observations and is found in good agreement. Curves of friction factor at different relative roughness have been developed for the field application. Content Type Journal Article Category Hydrophysical Processes Pages 745-754 DOI 10.1134/S009780781106008X Authors Bimlesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 India Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    The paper is based on a box model of heat and mass exchange with the incorporation of a block for calculating latent heat flux, supplemented by parameterization of heat and mass exchange between shallow water area and the atmosphere. The results of calculation of evaporation from the water area of the Ivankovo Reservoir, with allowance made for more intense evaporation from shallows, are given. The latent heat fluxes from shallow and deep-water zones of the water body are shown to differ, depending on weather conditions and water level; the increase in the evaporated-water volume due to taking into account the shallow-water effect is evaluated. Content Type Journal Article Category Interaction Between Continental Waters and the Environment Pages 818-826 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811060121 Authors G. N. Panin, Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 3, Moscow, 119333 Russia M. G. Grechushnikova, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia V. V. Puklakov, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    hydrologic models are important tools to estimate runoff from a catchment. Identification of broad based parameters of a hydrologic model for development of direct runoff hydrograph is a key issue for the modelers. Optimization and regionalization of hydrologic parameters for application of Nash’s model is investigated in this paper. Six catchments dominated by hill torrent flows were selected for this purpose. Fifty seven rainfall events were used for regionalization of parameters and about 55 events were used for validation of the results. The hydrologic parameters of the Nash Model, number of linear cascades (N) and storage coefficient (k) were determined using optimization based upon Downhill Simplex method. The data was collected by field measurements and from Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Pakistan. The physical parameters of the catchments were derived from the satellite images of the watersheds with the help of ERDAS software. The performance of the model was assessed by the model efficiency. It is concluded that the conceptual Nash model can simulate direct runoff hydrograph using regional hydrologic parameters with model efficiency of 67%. Content Type Journal Article Category Water Resources and the Regime of Water Bodies Pages 735-744 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811060030 Authors A. R. Ghumman, Civil Engineering Deparment, Al Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia M. M. Ahmad, COMSATS, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan H. N. Hashmi, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan M. A. Kamal, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    The major hydrological and geographic characteristics of the Godavari River and the coastal zone of the Bay of Bengal that have their effect on the hydrological regime and the morphological structure of the river delta are considered. The hydrographic, climatic, and environmental conditions in the Godavari delta are described. The specific features of hydrological processes in the delta are considered, including river and bay water mixing and the impact of tropic storms and hurricanes on the delta. The main features of morphological processes in the delta are revealed, including cyclic changes in the delta in Holocene and the dynamics of the channel network and delta coastline in the past 150 years. It is shown that the processes of erosion and retreat of the delta coastline became more active in the late XX century. Content Type Journal Article Category Water Resources and the Regime of Water Bodies Pages 720-734 DOI 10.1134/S009780781106011X Authors V. N. Mikhailov, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    The purpose of this paper is to apply “Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)” model to assess the impacts of climate change on stream discharge and sediment yield from Song Cau watershed in Northern Viet Nam. Three climate change scenarios B1, B2, and A2; representing low, medium, and high levels of greenhouse gas emission, respectively, were considered in this study. The highest changes in stream discharge (up to 11.4%) and sediment load (15.3%) can be expected in wet season in 2050s according to the high emission scenario (A2), while for the low emission scenario the corresponding changes equal to 8.8% and 12.6%. The results show that the stream discharge is likely to increase in the future during the wet season with increasing threats of sedimentation. Content Type Journal Article Category Interaction Between Continental Waters and the Environment Pages 827-836 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811060133 Authors D. B. Phan, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912 Taiwan C. C. Wu, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912 Taiwan S. C. Hsieh, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912 Taiwan Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    Data on the annual, maximal, and minimal runoff for about 3000 gauges, taken from international archives, as well as data on total runoff into the World Ocean are given. The rivers for which the gauges considered in the study are outlet gauges were divided into 6 groups by their nourishment type, lake abundance, and the degree of potential anthropogenic impact on runoff regime. Twenty-two quantitative input river basin quantitative parameters and runoff characteristics, as well as 102 basic numerical characteristics evaluated by the author, including parameters of stochastic models, identified for each series, were analyzed for each runoff series. To study the effect of the non-Gaussian distribution of runoff series on analysis results, calculations for each series were carried out twice: for original series and for series converted into those with normal distribution. It is shown that most series of annual and maximal runoff in lake-free rivers whose regime shows no anthropogenic disturbance (including rivers with glacier nourishment) can be adequately described, at a time scale of the order of decades, by a time series of mutually uncorrelated random variables. Models of first-order autoregression process and higher order models are predominant in the description of annual runoff series of lake-type rivers and rivers, whose basins contain large reservoirs and irrigation systems, as well as in the description of minimal-runoff series of all types of rivers. Content Type Journal Article Category Water Resources and the Regime of Water Bodies Pages 693-708 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811060054 Authors S. G. Dobrovolski, Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 3, Moscow, 119333 Russia Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description:    A study of the transformation of Lake Ladoga ecosystem in 1996–2005 shows that a decrease in the phosphorus load after 1995 has not cause a decrease in lake ecosystem productivity. Mathematical modeling provided an explanation of the observed phenomenon, thus justifying limnologists’ hypothesis that phosphorus turnover within a water body accelerates with increasing abundance of bacterioplankton and aquatic fungi. Computational experiments have shown that the additional amount of phosphorus that is required for maintaining phytoplankton productivity is additionally released by destructors (bacterioplankton and aquatic fungi) from detritus and organic matter dissolved in water. Content Type Journal Article Category Water Quality and Protection: Environmental Aspects Pages 806-817 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811060145 Authors L. A. Rukhovets, St. Petersburg Institute for Economics and Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Chaikovskogo 1, St. Petersburg, 191187 Russia N. A. Petrova, Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sevast’yanova 9, St. Petersburg, 196199 Russia V. V. Menshutkin, St. Petersburg Institute for Economics and Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Chaikovskogo 1, St. Petersburg, 191187 Russia G. P. Astrakhantsev, St. Petersburg Institute for Economics and Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Chaikovskogo 1, St. Petersburg, 191187 Russia T. R. Minina, St. Petersburg Institute for Economics and Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Chaikovskogo 1, St. Petersburg, 191187 Russia V. N. Poloskov, St. Petersburg Institute for Economics and Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Chaikovskogo 1, St. Petersburg, 191187 Russia T. N. Petrova, Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sevast’yanova 9, St. Petersburg, 196199 Russia O. M. Susareva, Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sevast’yanova 9, St. Petersburg, 196199 Russia Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6

Description: Isotopic properties of earth hydrosphere Content Type Journal Article Category Reviews Pages 837-839 DOI 10.1134/S0097807811060157 Authors Yu. A. Sapozhnikov, Moscow State University Moscow, 119991 Moscow, Russia Journal Water Resources Online ISSN 1608-344X Print ISSN 0097-8078 Journal Volume Volume 38 Journal Issue Volume 38, Number 6