Description: 35th IAMSLIC Annual Conference & 13th Biennial EURASLIC Conference held 27 September - 1 October, 2009 at Brugge, Belgium

Description: Projekt Nr.: RUS 06/017, Projekttitel „POMOR – Deutsch-Russischer Masterstudiengang für angewandte Meeres- und Polarwissenschaften“. Laufzeit 01.01.2007 - 30.04.2010.

Description: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 320/321, "Pacific Equatorial Age Transect" (Sites U1331–U1338), was designed to recover a continuous Cenozoic record of the equatorial Pacific by coring above the paleoposition of the Equator at successive crustal ages on the Pacific plate. These sediments record the evolution of the equatorial climate system throughout the Cenozoic. As we gained more information about the past movement of plates and when in Earth's history "critical" climate events took place, it became possible to drill an age transect ("flow-line") along the position of the paleoequator in the Pacific, targeting important time slices where the sedimentary archive allows us to reconstruct past climatic and tectonic conditions. The Pacific Equatorial Age Transect (PEAT) program cored eight sites from the sediment surface to basement, with basalt aged between 53 and 18 Ma, covering the time period following maximum Cenozoic warmth, through initial major glaciations, to today. The PEAT program allows the reconstruction of extreme changes of the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD) across major geological boundaries during the last 53 m.y. A very shallow CCD during most of the Paleogene makes it difficult to obtain well-preserved carbonate sediments during these stratigraphic intervals, but Expedition 320 recovered a unique sedimentary biogenic sediment archive for time periods just after the Paleocene/Eocene boundary event, the Eocene cooling, the Eocene–Oligocene transition, the "one cold pole" Oligocene, the Oligocene–Miocene transition, and the middle Miocene cooling. Expedition 321, the second part of the PEAT program, recovered sediments from the time period roughly from 25 Ma forward, including sediments crossing the Oligocene/Miocene boundary and two major Neogene equatorial Pacific sediment sections. Together with older Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program drilling in the equatorial Pacific, we can delineate the position of the paleoequator and variations in sediment thickness from ~150°W to 110°W longitude.

Description: This is the second volume of the entirely rewritten, revised and updated version of the original FAO Catalogue of Cephalopods of the World (1984). The present Volume is a multiauthored compilation that reviews 28 families, i.e. (in alphabetical order), Ancistrocheiridae, Architeuthidae, Australiteuthidae, Bathyteuthidae, Batoteuthidae, Brachioteuthidae, Chiroteuthidae, Chtenopterygidae, Cranchiidae, Cycloteuthidae, Enoploteuthidae, Gonatidae, Histioteuthidae, Joubiniteuthidae, Lepidoteut hidae, Loliginidae, Lycoteuthidae, Magnapinnidae, Mastigoteuthidae, Neoteuthidae, Octopoteuthidae, Ommastrephidae, Onychoteuthidae, Pholidoteuthidae, Promachoteuthidae, Psychroteuthidae, Pyroteuthidae and Thysanoteuthidae, with 83 genera and the 295 species known and named to the date of the completion of the volume. It provides accounts for all families and genera, as well as illustrated keys. Information under species accounts includes: valid modern systematic name and original citatio n of the species (or subspecies); synonyms; English, French and Spanish FAO names for the species; illustrations of dorsal and ventral aspects of the whole animal (as necessary) and other distinguishing illustrations; field characteristics; diagnostic features; geographic and vertical distribution, including GISmap; size; habitat; biology; interest to fishery; local names when available; a remarks section (as necessary) and literature. The Volume is fully indexed and also includes sectio ns on terminology and measurements, an extensive glossary, an introduction with an updated review of the existing biological knowledge on squids (including fisheries information andmain catch data for recent years) and a dedicated bibliography. Due to the conspicuous amount of literature addressingmany squid species, an appendix is included in the online version, where those references considered most pertinent to the species are listed, by family and species, in alphabetical order by au thor; key words, also, are reported.

Description: Salt expelled during the formation of ice in polynyas leads to a downward precipitation of brine that causes thermohaline convection and erodes the density stratification of the water column. In this thesis we investigate by means of flux models and satellite data the ability of the Western New Siberian (WNS) flaw polynya to modify the stratification of the water column and to form saline bottom water. The accuracy of existent microwave satellite-based polynya monitoring methods is assessed by a comparison of derived estimates with airborne electromagnetic ice thickness measurements and aerial photographs taken across the polynya. The cross-validation indicates that in the narrow flaw polynyas of the Laptev Sea the coarse resolution of commonly used microwave channel combinations provokes errors through mixed signals at the fast and pack ice edges. Likewise, the accuracy of flux models is tested by comparing model results to ice thickness and ice production estimates derived from high-resolution thermal infrared satellite observations. We find that if a realistic fast ice boundary and parameterization of the collection depth H is used and if the movement of the pack ice edge is prescribed correctly, the model is an appropriate tool for studying polynya dynamics and estimating associated fluxes. Hence, a flux model is used to examine the effect of ice production on the stratification of the water column. The ability of the polynya to form dense shelf bottom water is investigated by adding the brine released during an except ionally strong WNS polynya event in 2004 to the average winter density stratification of the water body. Owing to the strong density stratification and the apparent lack of extreme polynya events in the eastern Laptev Sea, we find the likelihood of convective mixing down to the bottom to be extremely low. We conclude that the recently observed breakdown of the stratification during polynya events is therefore predominantly related to wind- and tidally-driven turbulent mixing.

Description: The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) brings together scientists with interests in physical oceanography, the carbon cycle, marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems, and other users and collectors of ocean interior data to develop a sustained global network of hydrographic sections as part of the Global Ocean Climate Observing System. A series of manuals and guidelines are being produced by GO-SHIP which update those developed by the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) in the early 1990s. Analysis of the data collected in WOCE suggests that improvements are needed in the collection of nutrient data if they are to be used for determining change within the ocean interior. Production of this manual is timely as it coincides with the development of reference materials for nutrients in seawater (RMNS). These RMNS solutions will be produced in sufficient quantities and be of sufficient quality that they will provide a basis for improving the consistency of nutrient measurements both within and between cruises. This manual is a guide to suggested best practice in performing nutrient measurements at sea. It provides a detailed set of advice on laboratory practice for all the procedures surrounding the use of 1 gas-segmented continuous flow analysers (CFA) for the determination of dissolved nutrients (usually ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate) at sea. It does not proscribe the use of a particular instrument or related chemical method as these are well described in other publications. The manual provides a brief introduction to the CFA method, the collection and storage of samples, considerations in the preparation of reagents and the calibrations of the system. It discusses how RMNS solutions can be used to “track” the performance of a system during a cruise and between cruises. It provides a format for the meta-data that need to be reported along side the sample data at the end of a cruise so that the quality of the reported data can be evaluated and set in context relative to other data sets. Most importantly the central manual is accompanied by a set of nutrient standard operating procedures (NSOPs) that provide detailed information on key procedures that are necessary if best quality data are to be achieved consistently. These cover sample collection and storage, an example NSOP for the use of a CFA system at sea, high precision preparation of calibration solutions, assessment of the true calibration blank, checking the linearity of a calibration and the use of internal and externally prepared reference solutions for controlling the precision of data during a cruise and between cruises. An example meta-data report and advice on the assembly of the quality control and statistical data that should form part of the meta-data report are also given.

Description: Die Mündungsgebiete von Elbe und Weser bilden die beiden größten deutschen Ästuare. Sie weisen eine Reihe von hydrologischen, geologischen und klimatischen Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Ziel der Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, ob und wieweit diese Gemeinsamkeiten auch in planktologisch/mikrobiologischer Hinsicht gelten. Hierzu wurden bei niedrigem Oberwasserabfluss im Juni 2005 Oberflächenproben in 10 km Abständen in beiden Ästuaren von ihrem limnischen Bereich bis in die Deutsche Bucht genommen. Untersucht wurden die abiotischen Parameter Temperatur, Salzgehalt, Gesamt- und Feintrübung 〈 2 μm sowie die biologischen Parameter Chlorophyll a und Phäopigmente, Bakterienzahl und bakterielle Biomasseproduktion. Die biologischen Variablen hatten ihr Maximum stets in der limnischen Zone. Hier beliefen sich die Werte in der Elbe auf 10,3 μg l-1 Chlorophyll a (Chl a), 9,5 x 109 l-1 Bakterien (BZ) und eine bakterielle Biomasseproduktion (BBP) von 4,3 μg C l-1 h-1. In der Weser lagen sie bei 22,5 μg l-1 (Chl a), 7,8 x 109 l-1 (BZ) und 4,1 μg C l-1 h-1 (BBP). Ein Minimum wurde im Bereich der oberen Brackwassergrenze mit 5,2 μg l-1 (Chl a), 5,4 x 109 l-1 (BZ) und 1,0 μg C l-1 h-1 (BBP) in der Elbe und mit 3,8 μg l-1 (Chl a), 7,4 x 109 l-1 (BZ) und 1,4 μg C l-1 h-1 (BBP) in der Weser gefunden. An der seewärtigen Grenze der Ästuarregionen trat ein erneutes Maximum auf. Damit stimmten beide Ästuare sowohl in der regionalen Verteilung als auch in der Größe der Parameter weitgehend überein.

Description: Ancient Lake Ohrid is a steep-sided, oligotrophic, karst lake that was tectonically formed most likely within the Pliocene and often referred to as a hotspot of endemic biodiversity. This study aims on tracing significant lake level fluctuations at Lake Ohrid using high-resolution acoustic data in combination with lithological, geochemical, and chronological information from two sediment cores recovered from sub-aquatic terrace levels at ca. 32 and 60m water depth. According to our data, significant lake level fluctuations with prominent lowstands of ca. 60 and 35m below the present water level occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and MIS 5, respectively. The effect of these lowstands on biodiversity in most coastal parts of the lake is negligible, due to only small changes in lake surface area, coastline, and habitat. In contrast, biodiversity in shallower areas was more severely affected due to disconnection of today sublacustrine springs from the main water body. Multichannel seismic data from deeper parts of the lake clearly image several clinoform structures stacked on top of each other. These stacked clinoforms indicate significantly lower lake levels prior to MIS 6 and a stepwise rise of water level with intermittent stillstands since its existence as water-filled body, which might have caused enhanced expansion of endemic species within Lake Ohrid.