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  • 1
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    In:  EPIC3Use of proxies in paleoceanography: examples from the South Atlantic (G. Fischer, G. Wefer, eds.) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 715-727, ISBN: 3-540-66340-1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 2
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    In:  EPIC3Soil biology & biochemistry, 31, pp. 999-1006
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Berichte zur Polarforschung (Reports on Polar Research), Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 340, 183 p., ISSN: 0176-5027
    Publication Date: 2018-09-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" , notRev
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  • 4
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Berichte zur Polarforschung (Reports on Polar Research), Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 342, 245 p., ISSN: 0176-5027
    Publication Date: 2018-09-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" , notRev
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  • 5
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Terra Antartica, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 6(1), 228 p.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 7
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In this paper the results of an analysis of the material intensity of advanced composite materials are presented. The analysis is based on the MIPS-concept of the Wuppertal Institute which allows the calculation of the overall material intensity of products and services. It can be shown that the production of one kg of E-Glass fibers is connected with the consumption of 6.2 kg materials, 95 kg water and 2.1 kg oxygen which is of similar size compared to the inputs required in steel production. Material inputs required to produce one kg of p-aramid are 37 kg of materials and 19.6 kg air. Values for carbon fibers are even higher yielding to 61.1 kg of abiotic materials and 33.1 kg of air. Similarly, the production of epoxy resins is connected with larger material flows than the production of polyester resins. Of core materials, inputs per kg for PVCfoam exceed those in PUR-foam production by a factor of 1.4 in water to 2.3 in abiotic material consumption. However, ecologically decisive are not the inputs per kg but the material input per service unit. Therefore, the material input per service unit computed for the body of a passenger ship and a robot arm are compared with alternative steel and aluminium versions. Both examples show that in the case of significant inputs during the user phase of products, even a more material intensive investment in the production phase can yield significant ecological benefits over the whole life-cycle compared to metal versions. Improvements can easily reach a factor of two albeit significant potential for engine optimizations have still been neglected. Results already include the actual recycling quota of metals whereas for composites only virgin material has been calculated as any form of real recycling does not actually exist but only certain types of downrecycling. Of those treatment options, first material recycling and second the use in blast furnaces would lead to better results in resource productivity than incineration and landfills. The paper finally draws some conclusions about the potential advantages of material substitution in the automotive industry. Due to the rather short real operation time of cars during their user phase - around six months - an investment in advanced composite materials in car production only results in a significant improvement of the overall eco-efficiency of cars if it allows a substantial weight reduction of the overall vehicle.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 8
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    In:  EPIC3Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 246 p., ISSN: 978-3540665281
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: 〈b〉Kurzfassung〈/b〉〈p〉In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden LANDSAT TM- und ERS SAR-Daten zur Erfassung der Landnutzung im Einzugsgebiet der Sieg genutzt.Das 2853 qkm große Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im zentralen, ostrheinischen Teil des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges.〈p〉Die Auswertung der optischen Daten dient der Erstellung einer Parameterisierungs- und Validierungsbasis für distributive, hydrologischeModellierungsverfahren. Die Landnutzung stellt in diesem Zusammenhang einen Kernparameter dar, der für das Einzugsgebiet flächendeckendaus TM-Daten bestimmt wird. Methodisch wird nach Atmosphärenkorrektur, Georeferenzierung und Topographischer Normalisierung einesmonotemporalen TM-Datensatzes die Landnutzung mit einer überwachten Maximum Likelihood-Klassifikation bestimmt. Im Rahmen derNachbearbeitung kommen zur Ergebnisverbesserung u.a. GIS-Verfahren der Nachbarschaftsanalyse zum Einsatz.〈p〉Als weitere Bestandteile der Parameterisierungs- und Validierungsbasis werden aus unterschiedlichen Quellen Daten zu Klima, Böden undLandnutzung homogenisiert, aufbereitet und innerhalb eines Geographischen Informations- und Datenbank-Systems strukturiert archiviert,sowie Höhendaten verschiedener Landesvermessungsämter zum Aufbau von Digitalen Geländemodellen genutzt.〈p〉Die Analyse der Radardaten stützt sich auf Aufnahmen aus der ERS-1/2 Tandem Mission (1995/1996). Methodische Fragen stehen bei derAuswertung im Vordergrund, daher werden die Untersuchungen nicht auf Gesamteinzugsgebietsebene durchgeführt, sondern in einem, mitZusatzdaten besonders gut dokumentierten, Teilgebiet. Die weitgehende Bewölkungs- und Beleuchtungsunabhängigkeit stellt einenwesentlichen Vorteil der Mikrowellenverfahren dar, allerdings gestaltet sich die Auswertung, vor allem in reliefiertem Gelände, methodischaufwendiger als die Analyse optischer Fernerkundungsdaten. Zur Isolierung des Reliefeinflusses in den PRI-Daten werdenHauptkomponententransformationen eingesetzt, der Speckle-Effekt wird mit Hilfe adaptiver Filterverfahren reduziert. Die Georeferenzierungerfolgt unter Berücksichtigung eines Digitalen Geländemodells. Aus SLC-Daten verschiedener Tandempaare werden interferometrischeKohärenzbilder berechnet. Die Erfassung der Landnutzung erfolgt unter Berücksichtigung von Intensitäts- und Kohärenzinformation mitüberwachten und unüberwachten Klassifikationsverfahren sowie verschiedenen GIS-Verarbeitungen.〈p〉Die Ergebnisse der unterschiedlichen Ansätze und Methoden werden abschließend vergleichend diskutiert und in den Gesamtzusammenhangder Arbeit gestellt.〈p〉〈b〉Summary〈/b〉〈p〉The study focuses on land use detection using LANDSAT TM and ERS SAR data in the River Sieg catchment. The study area is located in the Renish Slate Mountains (Central Uplands, Germany) and covers 2853 sqkm.〈p〉The parameterization of physically-based, distributed hydrological watershed models requires areal analysis of the water cycle components. Besides topographical, pedological and geological factors the actual land use is an importantinput parameter for the physical and chemical modelling of the watershed hydrology and plays a significant role in the GIS-based delineation of the modelling entities that are used to preserve the spatial heterogeneity of catchmentswithin physically-based, distributed hydrological models.〈p〉Hence, the visible/infrared remote sensing data is used for an areal determination of land use in the Sieg catchment. The data preprocessing includes atmospheric correction, rectification and topographic normalization of a monotemporalTM dataset. The classification utilizes a supervised maximum likelihood classificator. To enhance the accuracy of the classification result neighborhood-based GIS-postprocessing techniques are applied.〈p〉Furthermore additional reference information from different sources (including meteorological, pedological, digital terrain and detailed land use data) is edited, unified and archived in GI- and DB-systems to complete theparameterization and validation database.〈p〉The all weather capability is an important advantage of active microwave sensors. However, the analysis of this kind of data is more complicated due to the different factors influencing the backscatter intensity, the scene geometry, theradiometric terrain effect in mountainous regions and the speckle. Another advantage of SAR-systems is the possibility to analyze the phase content of the data making an interferometric processing possible.〈p〉In this study ERS-1/2 tandem mission data is used to clarify the feasibility of SAR-based land use detection in hilly terrain. Multitemporal PRI and SLC data is evaluated for this purpose. Adaptive filter techniques are used for specklesupression in the PRI data. The geometric correction includes a Digital Elevation Model. The radiometric terrain effect is isolated and rejected with the help of Principal Components Analysis. The SLC data is used for an estimation ofthe interferometric coherence between different tandem partners. The land use classification utilizes supervised and unsupervised techniques under consideration of backscatter intensity and coherence information. SeveralGIS-techniques are used to enhance the classification accuracy.〈p〉Finally the results of the different approaches and methodologies are compared and discussed within the scope of the formulated questions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 10
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    IUGG Secretariat, CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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