Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Developmental Biology, Volume 3 -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1. MECHANISMS OF NEUROGENESIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER -- CHAPTER 2. THE ROLE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN MNMMALIAN PREGASTRULATION DEVELOPMENT -- CHAPTER 3. RETINOID SIGNALING IN MOUSE EMBRYOS -- CHAPTER 4. RNA LOCALIZATION DURING OOGENESIS IN DROSOPHILA -- CHAPTER 5. ACTIN AS A TISSUE-SPECIFIC MARKER IN STUDIES OF ASCIDIAN DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION -- INDEX.

Note: Photochemical Key Steps in Organic Synthesis -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- How To Use This Book -- General Features -- 1 Carbonyl Compounds -- 1.1 Aldehydes and Ketones -- 1.2 Enones and Dienones -- 2 Nitrogen-containing Chromophores -- 3 Aromatic Compounds -- 4 Alkenes, Arylalkenes and Cycloalkenes -- 5 Organometallic Compounds -- 6 Photooxygenation and Photoreduction -- 7 Photochemistry in Organized Media -- 8 Photochromic Compounds -- Graphical Index -- Index: Photochemical Key Steps -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- The first conservationist -- Growth rates -- Ecology -- The environmental movement -- Part One: Pollution and Amenity -- 2. The Age of Smoke and Smells -- Measurement of pollution -- The domestic fire -- Industrial smoke -- Acid, dust and smells -- Remedies for atmospheric pollution -- 3. From Smoke Abatement to Global Warming -- Deadly fog -- Smoke abatement -- The smokeless zone -- The Clean Air Act -- Competition for coal -- Invisible pollutants -- Global warming -- New sources of energy -- Effects of air pollution on health -- 4. Water Resources under Strain -- The water polluters -- Remedies for water pollution -- The state of the rivers -- Treatment of sewage -- The last sixty years -- 5. Land Loss and Reclamation -- Coastal erosion -- Land reclamation -- Erosion inland -- Forestry -- Loss of agricultural land to other uses -- Land prices -- 6. Towards a Green and Pleasant Land -- A feeling for the past -- Conservation of buildings and monuments -- Access to the countryside -- Noise pollution -- Part Two: The Prodigal Economy - and its Reform? -- 7. Energy -- Coal reserves -- Substitutes for coal -- Energy prices -- Economy in the winning and use of coal -- The demand for energy -- 8. Metals and Minerals -- Reserves of metal ores in Britain -- Substitution -- Metal prices -- 9. Any Old Iron? -- Recycling -- The waste trades -- Manufacture of shoddy -- Waste heat recovery -- Glass and metals -- Hazardous waste -- High-tech scrap collection -- Scrap and total supply of metals -- 10. Byproducts -- Byproducts from coal -- Alkali manufacture -- Soap-making -- Fertilisers -- Building materials -- The decline of byproducts? -- 11. Conclusion: Economic Growth and the Environment. , The quality of goods -- Economies of time and labour -- Economic growth and exhaustible resources -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, Volume 89 -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Digital Techniques in Electron Off-Axis Holography -- I. Introduction -- II. Electron Off-Axis Holography -- III. Problems of Off-Axis Holography -- IV. Examples of Applications -- V. Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 2. Optical Symbolic Substitution Architectures -- I. Introduction -- II. Optical Symbolic Substitution -- III. Coding Techniques -- IV. Signed-Digit Arithmetic Using OSS -- V. OSS Architectures -- VI. Limitations and Challenges -- References -- Chapter 3. Semiconductor Quantum Devices -- I. Introduction -- II. Quantum Devices -- III. Resonant Tunneling Devices -- IV. Aharonov-Bohm Effect-Based Devices -- V. T-Structure Transistors -- VI. Electron Wave Directional Couplers -- VII. Spin Precession Devices -- VIII. Granular Electron Devices -- IX. Connecting Quantum Devices on a Chip: The Interconnecting Problems -- X. Quantum-Coupled Architectures and Quantum Chips -- XI. Epilogue: The Long-Term Prognosis -- References -- Chapter 4. Fuzzy Relations and Applications -- I. Introduction to Fuzzy Set Theory -- II. Fuzzy Relational Calculus -- III. Special Types of Fuzzy Relations -- IV. Applications of Triangular Compositions -- V. Fuzzy Inference Mechanisms -- References -- Chapter 5. Basis Algorithms in Mathematical Morphology -- I. Introduction -- II. Basis Algorithms -- III. Applying the General Basis Algorithm -- IV. Filtering Properties and the Basis Representation -- V. Translation-Invariant Set Mappings -- VI. Gray-Scale Function Mappings -- VII. Transforming the Basis Representation -- VIII. Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 6. Mirror-Bank Energy Analyzers -- I. Introduction. , II. Equations for Charged Particle Trajectories in an Electrostatic Field Having a Symmetry Plane -- III. Peculiarities of Charged Particle Focusing and Energy Separation in a Mirror with a Two-Dimensional Electric Field -- IV. Energy Analyzers Based on Mirrors with Two-Plate Electrodes Separated by Direct Slits -- V. Peculiarities of Charged Particle Focusing and Separation in En- ergy in a Transaxial Mirror -- VI. Energy Analyzers Based on Transaxial Mirrors with Two-Plate Electrodes -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: SUPERCONDUCTING LEVITATION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- 1 INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC LEVITATION -- 1-1 Introduction -- 1-2 Magnetic Levitation Systems -- Active Magnetic Bearings Versus Passive Superconducting Bearings -- 1-3 Stability and Levitation -- Earnshaw's Theorem -- 1-4 Magnetic Fields and Forces -- Induced Magnetic Forces -- Magnetic Stiffness -- Magnetic Stresses -- 1-5 Bearings and Levitation -- Active Magnetic Bearings Using Normal Conductors -- Passive Superconducting Bearings -- 1-6 Magnetically Levitated Vehicles -- 2 PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETICS -- 2-1 Basic Laws of Electromagnetism -- Magnetic Stresses -- Nondimensional Groups -- Maxwell's Equations -- Low-Frequency Electromagnetics -- Electromagnetic Constitutive Relations -- Stationary Media -- Moving Media -- 2-2 Magnetic Forces -- Dipole-Dipole Forces -- Special Cases -- Current-Current Forces -- Current-Filament-Magnetized-Body Forces -- Body-Field Forces -- Magnetic Dipole-Field Forces -- Current-Field Forces -- The Magnetic Stress Method -- 2-3 Magnetic Stiffness -- Magnetic Stiffness and Magnetic Energy -- Nonlinear Effects -- 2-4 Magnetic Materials and Magnetic Circuits -- Magnetization Properties -- Domains -- Magnetic Circuits -- Demagnetization -- Forces on Magnetized Materials (J = 0) -- 3 SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS -- 3-1 The Phenomena of Superconductivity -- Zero Resistance -- Flux Exclusion -- Flux Vortex Structures-Type I and Type II Superconductors -- Critical Current -- Flux Quantization -- Penetration Depth -- 3-2 Review of Theory -- 3-3 Low-Temperature Superconducting Materials -- 3-4 High-Temperature Superconducting Materials -- Cuprates-Crystal Structure -- Cuprates-Superconducting Properties -- Critical Currents -- Thin Films -- Wires and Tapes -- Fullerenes -- 3-5 Processing of Bulk Superconductors -- 3-6 Magnetization and Levitation Forces. , 3-7 Superconducting Permanent Magnets -- Flux Creep -- 4 PRINCIPLES OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARINGS -- 4-1 Introduction -- Conventional Bearings -- Magnetic Bearing Systems -- Levitation with Permanent Magnets -- 4-2 Active Electromagnetic Bearings -- Stiffness of Active Bearings -- 4-3 Passive Superconducting Bearings -- Magnetic Forces -- Bearing Pressure -- 4-4 Characterization of Levitation Forces in High-Tc Materials -- Levitation Force Hysteresis -- Levitation Force-Distance Relation -- Magnetic Stiffness -- Suspension or Attractive Forces -- Magnetic Damping -- Lateral Magnetic Drag Force -- Rotary Drag Torque -- Low-Temperature Levitation of High-Tc Superconductors -- Levitation Force Versus Magnetic Field -- Force Creep -- Material Processing and Levitation -- Levitation Forces-Thickness Effect -- Levitation Forces in Thin-Film Superconductors -- 5 DYNAMICS OF MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED SYSTEMS -- 5-1 Introduction -- Literature Review -- 5-2 Equations of Motion -- Newton-Euler Equations of Motion -- Lagrange's Equations for Magnetic Systems -- The Inductance Method -- Linear Stability Analysis -- 5 -3 Single Degree of Freedom Dynamics -- Natural Frequencies of Levitated Bodies -- Vibration of a Persistent-Current Superconducting Mag-Lev Coil -- Levitated Superconducting Ring -- 5-4 Dynamics of a Spinning Levitated Superconductor -- 5 -5 Negative Damping Due to Eddy Currents -- 5-6 Dynamics of Mag-Lev Vehicles -- Lateral-Yaw Oscillation in Mag-Lev Vehicles -- 5-7 Active Controlled Levitation Dynamics -- 5-8 Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Levitated Bodies -- Vertical Heave Dynamics of a Mag-Lev Vehicle -- Chaotic Lateral Vibrations of a YBCO Magnetic Bearing -- 6 APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARINGS -- 6-1 Introduction -- Early Application: Superconducting Gyro -- 6-2 Rotary Motion Bearings -- Cryomachine Applications. , Energy and Momentum Storage -- 6-3 Linear Motion Bearings -- 6-4 Vibration Damping and Isolation -- 7 MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPORTATION -- 7-1 Introduction -- High-speed Wheel-Rail Systems -- 7-2 Principal Levitation Schemes -- EML-Ferromagnetic Rail -- EDL-Continuous-Sheet Track -- EDL-Ladder Track -- EDL-Discrete Coil Track -- EDL-Null-Flux Guideway -- 7-3 Mag-Lev Design Concepts -- Earlier Mag-Lev Research and Prototypes -- New Design Concepts -- National Mag-Lev Initiative -- The Magneplane -- Superconducting Electromagnetic Levitation System -- New U.S. EDL Designs -- 7-4 Technical Issues -- Technical Issues in Magnetic Transportation -- Aerodynamic Forces -- Grade-Climbing Capability -- Guideway Banking and Turns -- Propulsion Power -- Vehicle-Guideway Interaction -- Noise -- 7-5 Technical Impact of High-Tc Superconductors on Mag-Lev -- Cryostat Design -- Thermal Stability -- Smaller Magnet Design -- Mag-Lev with Superconducting Permanent Magnets -- Hybrid Ferromagnetic-Superconducting Mag-Lev -- 7-6 The Future of Mag-Lev -- REFERENCES -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Editors' Introduction -- Part 1 Essays in Science Education -- 1 Shortcut to the Future -- 2 A Vulgar Science Curriculum -- 3 Teaching about the Nature of Science Through History -- 4 Children Learning Science -- 5 Humane and Helpful Assessment -- 6 Examining Inquiring Minds? -- 7 Experimenting with Experimental Physics Teaching -- 8 Demonstration in Teaching and in Popularizing Physics -- 9 Modelling Clay for Computers -- 10 Early Astronomy and Physics Education -- 11 Nuclear Literacy -- Part 2 Eric Rogers and Physics Education -- 12 Examinations: Powerful Agents for Good or Ill in Teaching -- 13 Address to International Commission for Physics Education Conference Edinburgh 29 July-6 August 1975 -- 14 Eric Rogers and the Nuffield Physics Project -- 15 The Kinetic Theory of Gases -- 16 Apparatus for the Inquiring Mind -- 17 'Shredders' -- 18 Imagine: Eric Rogers and the National Curriculum -- 19 Trials Teacher -- Part 3 Remembering Eric Rogers -- 20 Eric Rogers 1902-1990 -- 21 Remembering Eric Rogers -- 22 Eric Rogers in Denmark -- 23 Eric Rogers: A Personal Memory -- 24 Eric Rogers in Brazil -- 25 Three Medal Citations -- 26 The Equivalence Principle Demonstrated -- 27 Eric Rogers Gets the Last Word: the Demon Theory of Friction.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Author -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- I: Introductory Statement -- II: Historical Perspective -- References -- Chapter 2: The ESCA Process -- I: Basic Principles and Procedures -- II: Problems: Relaxation and Satellites -- III: Problems: Introduction to Charging and Fermi Edge Coupling -- IV: Introduction to the Chemical Shift -- V: Recent Examples of the Use of Chemical Shifts -- A. Binding Energy Progressions for Simple Oxides and Their Significance -- 1. The Progressive Changes in the Chemical Shifts of the M Species -- 2. The Chemical Shifts Experiences by O(1s) for the Different Oxides -- B. Mixed Oxide Systems -- 1. Core Level Shifts for the Metallic Species -- 2. Chemical Shifts of O(1s) for Complex Oxides -- C. Oxide Ion Size and Shape "Polarization" -- D. Chemical Shifts and Zeolite Structure and Acidity -- VI: Summary of the Pros and Cons of Conventional ESCA -- References -- Chapter 3: The ESCA Spectrometer and Its Use -- I: Introduction to the Basic System -- II: Extensions and Improvements -- A. Monochromators - High Resolution and Acute Sensitivity -- B. Other Developments - Spatial Resolution -- III: The Present Performance Frontier -- IV: Standard Usage of the ESCA System -- A. Introduction -- B. Vacuum and System Maintenance -- C. Basic Calibrations -- D. More Exacting Calibrations -- E. Survey Scans -- F. Narrow Scans -- G. Narrow Scans - Addendum -- H. Operations Under Less than Optimal Conditions -- I. What Are The Limits? -- J. Problems -- 1. Charging -- 2. X-ray Satellites -- 3. Sample Damage -- 4. Poor Vacuum -- 5. Ghost Peaks and Mystery Shifts -- 6. Other Problems -- References -- Chapter 4: Quantum Mechanical Arguments -- I: Introduction to the Total (Primary Elastic) Process -- II: Inelastic Scattering Processes -- A. Relaxations. , 1. Frozen Orbit Approximation -- 2. Modification of Koopmans' Theorem for Slow Electrons -- B. Satellites - The Loss Process -- 1. The Sudden Approximation -- 2. The Two Extreme Cases -- References -- Chapter 5: Established ESCA Procedures -- I: Quantification -- II: Angular Resolution-Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AR-PES) -- A. Background -- B. Ar Development and Procedure -- C. The Use of Angular Resolution -- III: ESCA and Ion Sputter Etching -- A. Ideal Case -- B. Preferential Sputtering -- C. Specific Cases of Sputter Alteration -- IV: Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) and Gas Phase Analysis -- References -- Chapter 6: Loss Spectroscopy in ESCA: Its Causes and Utilization -- I: Introduction -- A. Related Plasmon-Type Transitions -- B. The Early History of Loss Spectroscopy and Plasmons -- II: Utilization of XPS-Induced Loss Spectroscopy (ESCALOSS): Advantages and Disadvantages -- A. Charging and Fermi Edge Decoupling -- B. Large, Relatively Easy to Discern Shifts, With Changes in Chemistry -- C. Nonchemical Basis for Chemical Shifts -- III: The Plasmon Domination Argument -- IV: General Quantum Mechanical Basis for ESCALOSS -- A. The Pines and Nozières Arguments (Extrinsic Only) -- 1. H° - The Various M odels -- 2. H1 - The Various Types of Electron Interactions -- B. Loss Spectral Development Following Photoelectron Ejection (Inclusion of Intrinsic Processes) -- C. Further Arguments on the Nature of the Electron-Induced Dispersions in Loss Spectroscopy -- D. On the Separation of the Hole and Electron-Induced Losses -- E. Escaloss -- 1. EL and EL for Materials with Nonzero Eg -- 2. Relaxations and Loss Peaks Inside the Free Electron Model -- 3. Summary of Photoelectron Loss Splittings for Different Models -- F. The Influence of Dispersions on Relaxation Effects in EL -- G. Final Argument for Effects of Dispersion. , V: Examples of the Use of ESCALOSS in Chemical Analysis -- A. Elemental Systems -- B. Indium Compounds -- C. SiO2 -Si° and A12O3-A1° Systems -- D. General Features -- VI: An Additional, Important ESCALOSS Spectroscopy Example - The Carbon Problem -- A. Introduction -- B. Graphite -- C. Carbon-Based Systems Devoid of Aromatic Structure - Polypropylene -- D. Adventitious Carbon -- E. Utility -- F. Rationale -- References -- Chapter 7: Old Problem Areas - New ESCA Analysis Methods -- I: The Charging Shift and Fermi Edge Referencing as Tools -- A. Fundamentals of the Charging Shift -- B. Differential Charging -- C. Morphological Considerations -- 1. Layered Structures -- 2. The Si° Implanted in SiO2 Systems -- D. Additional Morphological Considerations -- 1. Depth of Fields -- 2. Dispersions and Clusters -- 3. The Optimal Reduced Pt- -A12O3 System -- II: ESCA-Induced Valence Band Spectra -- A. Introduction -- B. Technicalities of the Method -- C. XPS-Valence Band Analyses of Conductive Systems -- D. Valence Bands of Nonconductive Compounds -- 1. Transition Metal Oxides -- 2. Valence Band Studies of Tetrahedral Compound Semiconductors -- 3. Valence Band Studies of Silica and Alumina -- 4. Valence Band Studies of Germanium Oxides -- 5. Valence Band Studies for Indium Oxides -- 6. Valence Band Studies of Ion-Altered Tin and Oxides -- 7. Valence Band Studies of Zeolites -- References -- Chapter 8: Areas of ESCA Application -- I: Introduction -- II: ESCA Studies of Elemental Oxidation -- A. The Natural Passivation of Elemental Metals: Origin and Consequences -- B. Valence Band Studies of the Oxidation of Select Metals -- 1. The Zn-O System -- 2. The Cd-O System -- III: ESCA Studies of Inorganic Systems -- A. General Bonding Concepts of Simple Oxide Systems -- B. Bonding in Mixed or Complex Oxides -- 1. Introduction to the Problem of Complex Oxides. , 2. Further on the Mixed Oxide Bonding Concept -- 3. ESCA Verification of the Concept -- 4. Extent and Limitation of the Mixed Oxide Bonding Concept -- 5. The Acid-Base Connection -- IV: XPS and Corrosion Science -- A. Alloys: Natural Passivation and Corrosion -- B. The Special Case of Mixed Hydroxides -- C. Natural Passivation of Semiconductors -- D. Natural Passivation and Corrosion of "Inert" Polymers - Biology and The World at Large -- 1. Generality -- E. Additional Implications of Natural Passivation -- 1. Termination of Passivation -- 2. Metals At or Near the LTO Limit - The Catalytic Connection -- V: ESCA Studies of the Carbonaceous Systems Involved in Polymers, Composites, and Related Chemistries -- A. Fundamental Problems -- 1. Analysis of Select ESCA-Based Methods for C-C and C-H Bond Identification -- 2. C(1s) Binding Energy -- 3. Charging and Conductivity -- 4. -> -- * Transitions -- 5. Character of the Valence Bands -- 6. Carbon(1s) (Plasmon-Dominated) Loss Spectra -- 7. Oxidation of Select Carbonaceous Systems -- 8. O(1s) Results -- 9. Analysis of the O(2s) Region -- 10. Comparisons with Other Oxides -- 11. Comparative Summary of the Different Methods -- B. ESCA Characterization of Carbon Micro-fibers as Reinforcements for Various Epoxy Resins -- VI: ESCA and Catalysis -- A. ESCA Studies of Zeolites and Clays -- 1. Zeolites -- 2. ESCA Studies of Select Clays -- B. ESCA Studies of Acrylonitrile (ACN) Catalysts -- C. Studies of Pt Metal Catalysis by High-Resolution ESCA -- 1. Analysis of the Alumina Support -- 2. Oxidized Pt on A12O3 System -- 3. Metals Reduction and Dispersion -- 4. Bimetallic Cases -- VII: ESCA in Biology and Medicine -- A. Biomedical ESCA Studies -- B. Unconventional Use of ESCA in Biological Research -- C. Investigations in Botany -- 1. ESCA of Leaves -- 2. Vacuum and X-ray Damage. , 3. Leaves in Various Stages of Senescence -- VIII: XPS Studies in High Tc Superconductors -- A. Bonding and Electronic Structure -- 1. Introduction -- 2. "Simple" Copper Oxides -- 3. Superconducting Copper-Containing Oxides -- 4. Connections Between the General Oxide Arguments and The Superconductors -- 5. Mechanistic Suggestions -- B. Studies of the Oxygen Intensity in 1-2-3 Systems -- References -- Chapter 9: Survey of Additional Promising New Methods -- I: Modem ESCA and The Continuing Uppsala Connection -- II: Inverse Photoemission and Two-Photon Photoemission -- A. Introduction -- B. Inverse Photoemission -- C. Two-Photon Spectroscopy -- D. Empty State Analysis - General Considerations -- III: Photoelectron Diffraction (PED) -- IV: Spin-Polarized Phenomena -- A. Spin-Polarized Photoemission Spectroscopy (SPPES) -- B. Spin-Polarized Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy (SPIPES) -- C. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Diffraction (SPPED) -- V: Photoelectron Microscopy -- VI: Photoemission of Adsorbed Xenon (PAX) -- VII: Photoelctron Shifts Due to Component Orientation -- A. Introduction -- B. Surface Core-Level Shifts: Discovery and Theoretical Controversy, 1978 to 1983 -- 1. Surface Core-Level Shifts - Metals -- C. Interfacial Shifts -- D. Alloy Formation and Surface Reconstruction -- 1. Alloy Formation: Intermediate Compounds -- 2. Surface Reconstruction -- E. Surface Shifts for Semiconductors -- F. Small Cluster Shifts -- G. Alternative Reasons For Some of the Orientation Shifts -- 1. Charging -- 2. Hydrogen Contamination -- VIII. Resonant Photoemission -- IX. Liquid Phase ESCA -- References -- Appendix I -- Appendix II -- Index.

Note: X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Ionic Liquids -- Table of Contents -- X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Liquids -- Halides Melts -- Oxyanion Melts -- MIscellaneous Melts -- Oxides -- References.

Note: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN MARINE SCIENCE: SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS, TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES, AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Research Needs -- Technology Development, Technology Transfer, and Infrastructure -- Public and Commercial Applications -- Coordination of Support -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 LIFE IN THE OCEANS: TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS -- SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- TECHNIQUES TO ADDRESS THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- Automation of Molecular Techniques -- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS -- Global Change -- Resources -- 3 PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND GENETIC STATUS OF MARINE ORGANISMS -- SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- TECHNIQUES TO ADDRESS THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS -- Physiological Condition of Marine Organisms -- Mariculture -- Environmental Quality -- Food Safety -- Bioremediation -- 4 MARINE ORGANISMS AS MODEL SYSTEMS -- SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- Signal Molecules and Genes Controlling Reproduction, Development, and Growth -- Neurobiology -- Differentiation and Pattern Formation -- TECHNIQUES TO ADDRESS THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS -- Human Health -- Marine Biotechnology -- 5 CHEMICAL ECOLOGY -- SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- TECHNIQUES TO ADDRESS THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS -- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS -- "Drugs from the Sea" and Agrichemicals -- Chitin -- Complex Polysaccharides -- Vitamins and Other Essential Nutrients -- Adhesives -- Microbial Products and Biochemical Processes -- 6 RECOMMENDATIONS -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, AND INFRASTRUCTURE -- PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS -- COORDINATION OF SUPPORT -- REFERENCES.