Note: Front Cover -- Developmental Plasticity: Behavioral and Biological Aspects of Variations in Development -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: Evolutionary and Genetic Background -- Chapter 1. Evolution and Genetic Variability -- Introduction -- Contemporary Variability between Species -- Evolutionary Variability -- Sources of Variability -- Variability within Species -- Molecules and Variability -- Polygenic Systems -- Developmental Variability within the Organism -- Summary -- Acknowledgment -- Bibliography -- References -- Part II: The Sensory Base -- Chapter 2. The Infancy of Human Sensory Systems -- Introduction -- Prenatal Origins of Sensory Development -- Sensory Bases of Infant Perception -- Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Learning and Ethology -- Chapter 3. Learning Theory, Ethological Theory, and Developmental Plasticity -- Introduction -- Problems Raised by the Goal-Directedness of Behavior -- Learning Theory -- Ethological Theory -- Developmental Plasticity in the Perspectives of Learning and Instinct Theory -- Evolution of Developmental Plasticity: Implications for the Analysis of Immediate Causation -- The Confluence of Ideas: Emergence of Interest in Animal Perception -- References -- Chapter 4. The Infancy of Human Learning Processes -- Introduction -- The Pleasures of Sensation as Incentives for Infant Learning -- The Infant as Learner -- The Functions of Early Human Learning -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Innate Programs for Perceptual Development: An Ethological View -- Introduction -- Perceptual Adaptations to Local Conditions: Honeybees -- Sensitive Periods for Perceptual Change: Chick Pecking -- Imprinting and Perceptual Development: Birds -- Configurational Features and Sign Stimuli: The Herring Gull -- Innate Constraints on Vocal Imitation: Birdsong. , Species-Specific Processing of Vocal Stimuli: Macaques -- Color Vision, Naming, and Preferences -- The Ontogeny of Speech Perception -- Conclusions on the Ethology of Perceptual Development -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IV: Asymmetries and Variation -- Chapter 6. Lateralization and Its Implications for Variation in Development -- The Origins of Asymmetry -- Lateralization of the Brain -- Development of the Hand-Brain Relationship -- Sex Differences in Cerebral Asymmetry -- Why Variation? -- References -- Part V: Epistemology, Theory, and Method -- Chapter 7. Development and Plasticity -- Introduction -- Developmental Perspectives -- Developmental Perspective and Plasticity -- The Roles of Experience -- Multimodal and Polyphasic Development -- Theoretical and Methodological Implications of a Multimodal-Polyphasic Model -- Cultural and Biological Instances of Plasticity in Development -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. Epistemology and Developmental Psychology -- Introduction -- Does Mental Development Have a Unique Destination? -- The Grounds for Skepticism about Any Universal Destination -- The Need for an Alternative Approach -- Alternative Developmental Destinations and Trajectories -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- A. POSTMORTEM OF AN EXAMPLE -- 1. The stages of decision-making -- 2. The aim of graphics: a higher level of information -- 2.1 Useful information -- 2.2 Information levels -- 2.3 Measurement of useless constructions -- 3. The three successive forms of graphic application -- 3.1 The matrix analysis of a problem -- 3.2 Graphic information-processing -- 3.3 Graphic communication -- 3.4 Outline of work -- B. GRAPHIC CONSTRUCTIONS -- 1. A "synoptic" of graphic constructions -- 2. Permutation matrices -- 2.1 The reorderable matrix -- 2.2 The weighted matrix -- 2.3 The image-file -- 2.4 The matrix-file -- 2.5 The array of curves -- 3. Ordered tables -- 3.1 Tables with 1, 2 or 3 characteristics -- 3.2 Superimpositions and collections of tables -- 4. Reorderable networks -- 5. Ordered networks: topography and cartography -- 5.1 Information provided by a map -- 5.2 The base map -- 5.3 Cartography with one ordered characteristic -- 5.4 Cartography with several characteristics -- C. THE GRAPHIC SIGN SYSTEM (A Semiological Approach to Graphics) -- 1. Specificity of graphics -- 2. The bases of graphics -- 3. Variables of the image: the plane, size and value -- 4. Differential variables -- 5. The law of visibility -- 6. Summary -- D. THE MATRIX ANALYSIS OF A PROBLEM AND THE CONCEPTION OF A DATA TABLE -- 1. The apportionment table -- 2. The homogeneity schema -- 3. The pertinency table -- 4. Applications of matrix analysis -- CONCLUSION.

Note: Front Cover -- Environment and Development in Africa -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- LIST OF DIAGRAMS -- LIST OF MAPS -- LIST OF TABLES -- INTRODUCTION -- Chapter One. CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES -- HOW MANY AFRICANS? -- HOW THE CONSTRAINTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT MAY BE LIMITED OR OVERCOME -- FINDING ANSWERS FOR BASIC NEEDS -- HOW HEALTHY IS AFRICA? -- A DIFFERENT KIND OF SETTLEMENT -- Chapter Two. SCENARIO 1: DEPENDENT GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL MISUSE -- Chapter Three. SCENARIO 2: GREATER ECONOMIC AUTONOMY, MORE ATTENTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Chapter Four. SCENARIO 3: ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT -- PROVISIONAL CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Note: Front Cover -- Solar Houses in Europe: How they have Worked -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION -- SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS -- DEMAND -- COLLECTORS -- HEAT STORAGE -- CIRCULATION AND CONTROL -- CHAPTER 2. HOW THE BUILDINGS HAVE PERFORMED -- ANNUAL PERFORMANCE -- MONTHLY PERFORMANCE -- DAILY PERFORMANCE -- CHAPTER 3. LESSONS FROM THE SURVEY -- CLIMATE -- BUILDING -- OCCUPANTS -- CONTROLS -- COMPONENT AND SYSTEM DESIGN -- COLLECTORS -- HEAT STORAGE -- CHAPTER 4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DESIGN -- COLLECTORS -- PRIMARY CIRCUIT -- HEAT STORAGE -- SYSTEM CONTROLS -- CHAPTER 5. STATISTICAL SUMMARIES -- TABLE 1 Climate -- TABLE 2 Building Parameters -- TABLE 3 System Parameters -- TABLE 4 Heating System -- TABLE 5 Annual Performance -- TABLE 6 Annual Performance -- TABLE 7 Annual Solar Contribution -- CHAPTER 6. MONITORING -- DESIGN -- INSTRUMENTATION -- DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS -- PROPOSAL FOR A LOW COST DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM -- PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR THE PROPOSED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM -- DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS -- GLOSSARY -- CHAPTER 7. REPORTS ON 31 PROJECTS -- LIST OF PROJECTS.

Note: Front Cover -- National Energy Plans in the Asia-Pacific Region -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD -- BACKGROUND PAPER -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ENERGY GROWTH RATES IN PERSPECTIVE -- III. DISPROPORTIONATE DISTRIBUTIONS -- IV. TYPES OF CHANGE -- V. ENERGY'S ROLE IN SOCIETY -- VI. AGENDA OF RESEARCH -- Part I: A Framework for Energy Policies in the Asia-Pacific Region -- CHAPTER 1. WORLD SUPPLIES OF PETROLEUM IN THE 1980s -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. WORLD PETROLEUM SUPPLIES IN THE 1980s -- III. OPEC SUPPLY POLICY -- IV. FUTURE OIL PRICES -- V. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. REGIONAL OIL DEPENDENCY: RISING OIL IMPORT BILLS, THE EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS, AND NOILDC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. REGIONAL OIL DEPENDENCY -- III. THE DEMAND FOR ENERGY, RISING OIL IMPORTS PRICES, AND NOILDC EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS -- IV. SOME ALLOCATIVE IMPLICATIONS -- V. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Part II: United States Energy Policies -- CHAPTER 3. U.S. ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLY SCENARIOS: A RETROSPECTIVE APPRAISAL OF THE U.S. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STUDY BY THE COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS (CONAES) -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MAJOR ISSUES -- III. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS -- IV. ENERGY DEMAND SCENARIOS -- V. ENERGY SUPPLY SCENARIOS -- VI. INTEGRATED STUDY SCENARIOS -- VII. SOLAR ENERGY -- VIII. THE BREEDER REACTOR -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY APPROACH: FROM CONVENTIONAL TO ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE LEGISLATIVE MANDATE -- 3. SETTING GOALS -- 4. FORECASTING ENERGY DEMAND -- 5. FORECASTING ENERGY SUPPLY -- 6. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURES -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 5. REFLECTIONS ON THE ENERGY PROBLEM AS A WHOLE -- Part Ill: Energy Policies of Oil-Exporting Countries -- CHAPTER 6. NATIONAL ENERGY PLANNING IN INDONESIA -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. , III. PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDS, 1979-84 -- IV. FORECASTING THE FUTURE -- V. CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 7. SOME ASPECTS OF ENERGY POLICY AND PROGRAMS IN CHINA -- Part IV: Energy Policies of Industrial Oil-Importing Countries -- CHAPTER 8. JAPAN'S ENERGY OUTLOOK -- CHAPTER 9. KOREA'S ENERGY OUTLOOK -- CHAPTER 10. SINGAPORE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CONSERVATION -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION -- III. AUTOMOBILE CONSUMPTION -- IV. DIRECT INDUSTRIAL CONSUMPTION -- V. THE PUBLIC UTILITIES BOARD (PUB) -- VI. THE BUNKER MARKET -- Part V: Energy Policies of Countries More Than 50% Dependent on Oil Imports -- CHAPTER 11. ENERGY PLANNING IN NEW ZEALAND -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. RESOURCE AVAILABILITY -- III. ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENERGY PLANNING -- IV. PRICING AND CONSERVATION -- V. OVERVIEW OF ENERGY DEMAND -- VI. LIQUID FUELS DEVELOPMENT -- VII. NATURAL GAS -- VIII. ELECTRICITY -- IX. COAL -- X. CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 12. PERSPECTIVES FOR MID-TERM ENERGY STRATEGIES IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PETROLEUM USE -- III. ALTERNATE STRATEGIES -- IV. THE ALTERNATIVES -- V. CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 13. THAILAND'S NATIONAL ENERGY PLAN -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THAILAND'S ENERGY SITUATION -- III. THAILAND'S NATIONAL ENERGY PLAN -- CHAPTER 14. THE PHILIPPINES' FIVE-YEAR ENERGY PROGRAM: 1981-85 -- I. RESOURCE MOBILIZATION FOR THE FIVE-YEAR ENERGY PROGRAM -- II. NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY -- III. ENERGY POLICY STRATEGIES -- IV. THE ENERGY PLAN IN CAPSULE (REVISED TARGETS, 1981-1985) -- V. SECTORAL PROGRAMS -- Part VI: Energy Policies of Countries Less Than 50% Dependent on Oil Imports -- CHAPTER 15. AUSTRALIA'S ENERGY POLICY -- I. ENERGY RESOURCES -- II. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS -- III. THE AUSTRALIAN RESPONSE -- IV. EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF OIL -- V. NEW FUEL SOURCES -- VI. OVERVIEW. , CHAPTER 16. THE ENERGY SITUATION IN BANGLADESH AND A STRATEGY FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ENERGY BALANCE: PRIMARY ENERGY -- III. CONTRIBUTION OF NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY -- IV. ENERGY RESOURCES OF BANGLADESH -- V. PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE -- VI. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY -- VII. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. NEPAL'S ENERGY SITUATION -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. NEPAL'S ENERGY SITUATION -- III. FUTURE ENERGY PLANS -- IV. CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 18. ENERGY POLICY AND PLANNING IN INDIA -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENERGY PLANNING IN INDIA -- 3. ENERGY RESOURCES OF INDIA -- 4. ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA -- 5. ENERGY FORECASTS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Part VII: The Role of International Institutions in Energy Research -- CHAPTER 19. ACTIVITIES IN THE ENERGY FIELD OF THE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ESCAP) -- I. ACTIVITIES OF ESCAP IN THR ENERGY FIELD -- SUMMARY OFESCAP'S ACTIVITIES 1975-1979 AND 1980-1981 -- CHAPTER 20. THE ROLE OF THE OPEC SECRETARIAT IN ENERGY RESEARCH -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. OPEC ACTIVITES -- III. CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 21. THE LATIN AMERICAN ENERGY ORGANIZATION (OLADE) -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ORGANIZATION OF OLADE -- III. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, OUTLOOK AND PLANNING FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR -- IV. DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL PROJECTS AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY -- V. COMMERCIALIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION, AND CAPITAL GOODS -- VI. FINANCING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY PROGRAMS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX I: (LIMA AGREEMENT) -- APPENDIX II: (PRONOUNCEMENT OF SAN JOSE) -- PROGRAM AGENDA -- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.

Note: Front Cover -- Solar Energy Applications in Houses: Performance and Economics in Europe -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contributors -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Outline of the book -- 1.2 An introduction to solar energy use in buildings -- 1.3The energy situation of the EC countries -- 1.4 Why consider solar energy when other sources of supply exist? -- CHAPTER 2. ASPECTS OF CLIMATE RELEVANT TO SOLAR SYSTEM AND HOUSE DESIGNS -- 2.1 General climate characteristics of the EC region -- 2.2 Solar radiation in the EC region -- 2.3 Radiation on inclined surfaces -- 2.4 Temperature distribution -- 2.5 Effects of wind, snow, hail and rain -- 2.6 Climate of towns -- CHAPTER 3. SPACE HEATING REQUIREMENTS IN THE VARIOUS EC CLIMATES -- 3.1 Heat losses of a building -- 3.2 Heat requirement of a building -- 3.3 Building practices in the EC countries -- 3.4 Measures to reduce heating requirements -- CHAPTER 4. PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS -- 4.1 The direct-gain approach -- 4.2 Thermal storage wall systems -- 4.3 The attached sunspace -- 4.4 The thermal storage roof -- 4.5 Convective loop systems -- CHAPTER 5. COMPONENTS OF ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS -- 5.1 The solar heat collector -- 5.2 The heat store -- 5.3 Heat pumps -- CHAPTER 6. PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS -- 6.1 Domestic water heating -- 6.2 Solar swimming pool heating -- 6.3 Solar space heating -- 6.4 Solar space cooling -- CHAPTER 7. ECONOMICS OF SOLAR SPACE AND WATER HEATING -- 7.1 Costs of solar systems -- 7.2 Evaluation method -- 7.3 Amortisation periods for solar energy systems -- CHAPTER 8. PROMOTION OF SOLAR ENERGY USE -- 8.1 Energy policies and R& -- D programmes in the EC countries -- 8.2 Legal and financial support by governments -- 8.3 Support through information -- CHAPTER 9. CONCLUDING REMARKS. , Active solar energy systems - The most widely studied approach -- Present shortcomings of active systems -- Passive solar energy use - A challenge for architectural designers -- Thermal characteristics of buildings and solar space heating performance -- Economics of active solar energy systems -- Advice for buyers -- Supporting activities by governments -- REFERENCES.

Note: Front Cover -- Structural Order in Polymers -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- In Memoriam GIULIO NATTA, 1903-1979 -- Organizing Committee -- PREFACE -- PART I: SPECIAL SESSION ON STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS AND DIOLEFINS -- CHAPTER 1. STRUCTURAL REGULARITY AND CRYSTALLINITY IN MACROMOLECULES -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURAL ORDER AND DISORDER IN MACROMOLECULES -- STEREOREGULAR VINYL POLYMERS -- SPECIFICATION OF CHIRAL ELEMENTS AND STEREOCHEMICAL CONFIGURATION IN VINYL POLYMERS -- THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF THE CRYSTALLINE STATE IN POLYMERS -- KINETICS OF CRYSTALLIZATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. HOW NATURE LOST A MONOPOLY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE AND CHAIN CONFORMATION OF STEREOREGULAR POLYMERS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. CONCEPTS ON THE MECHANISM OF STEREOSPECIFIC PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION -- INTRODUCTION -- DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER OF ACTIVE CENTERS AND THEIR REACTIVITY IN PROPAGATION USING SELECTIVE RADIOACTIVE QUENCHING AGENTS -- SUPPORTED TITANIUM HALOGENIDES AS POLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS -- ROLE OF ORGANOMETALLIC COCATALYSTS -- POLYMER CHAIN TRANSFER -- INTIMATE MECHANISM OF THE PROPAGATION REACTION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. THE STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION OF DIENES: MECHANISTIC ASPECTS -- INTRODUCTION -- MONOMER INSERTION -- FORMATION OF 1,4-POLYMERS -- POLYMERIZATION TO 1,2 OR 3,4 POLYMERS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6. POLYPROPYLENE: A QUARTER OF A CENTURY OF INCREASINGLY SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT -- INTRODUCTION -- ORIGINS OF POLYPROPYLENE -- COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE -- FUTURE PROSPECTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PART II: CONSTITUTIONAL AND CONFIGURATIONAL ORDER IN SYNTHETIC POLYMERS AND BIOPOLYMERS. , CHAPTER 7. STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY OF LACTAM POLYMERS -- INTRODUCTION -- FORMATION OF HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURES -- CONSEQUENCES OF SIDE REACTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. SYNTHESIS OF SEQUENCE DEFINED POLYNUCLEOTIDES VIA DIESTER, TRIESTER AND PHOSPHITE COUPLING METHODS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PHOSPHODIESTER APPROACH -- THE PHOSPHOTRIESTER APPROACH -- THE PHOSPHITE TRIESTER APPROACH AND SYNTHESIS ON A POLYMER SUPPORT -- APPLICATION OF POLYNUCLEOTIDE CHEMISTRY TO IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. ON THE METHODOLOGY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURE RESEARCH IN SOLID POLYMERS -- INTRODUCTION -- CRYSTAL LAMELLA -- THE LAMELLAR THICKNESS (FOLD LENGTH) -- NEUTRON SCATTERING - APPLICATION TO POLYMER SINGLE CRYSTALS -- BLOCK C0P0LYMERIC COMPOSITES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. ORDER VERSUS REGULARITY IN GLOBULAR PROTEINS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN -- THE TERTIARY STRUCTURE -- THE TERTIARY STRUCTURE AS AN "APERIODIC CRYSTAL MOLECULE -- THE PACKING DENSITY OF GLOBULAR PROTEINS -- HOMOLOGOUS PROTEINS AS "ISOMORPHOUS CRYSTAL MOLECULES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11. PROPERTIES OF MACROMOLECULES IN LIQUID CRYSTAL SOLVENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- POLYMER NEMATIC PHASE DIAGRAMS -- ORIENTATIONAL ORDER PARAMETER IN POLYMER/NEMATIC SOLUTIONS -- INFLUENCE OF THE POLYMERIC CHAINS ON THE FRICTION COEFFICIENTS OF THE NEMATIC PHASE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12. OPTICAL AND SCATTERING STUDIES OF POLYMER BLENDS -- INTRODUCTION -- AMORPHOUS/AMORPHOUS BLENDS -- CRYSTALLINE/AMORPHOUS BLENDS -- CRYSTALLINE/CRYSTALLINE BLENDS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART III: POLYMERS TAILORED TO SPECIFIC PURPOSES -- CHAPTER 13. STRUCTURAL ORDER AND BLOOD COMPATIBILITY OF POLYMERIC PROSTHESES -- INTRODUCTION -- PLATELET ADHESION TO POLYMER SURFACE. , PROTEIN ADSORPTION TO POLYMER SURFACES -- SMALL DIAMETER VASCULAR PROSTHESES DEVELOPMENT -- POLYMER SURFACE MORPHOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN POLYMER SYSTEMS -- INTRODUCTION -- I. PHOTOCHEMICAL DISSOCIATION REACTIONS -- II. PHOTOCHEMICAL ISOMERIZATIONS -- III. DISSOCIATION - RECOMBINATION REACTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15. IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES AND CELLS -- INTRODUCTION -- ENZYMOLOGY -- PROCESSES -- ANALYSIS -- MEDICINE -- TAILOR-MADE MODIFICATIONS OF AN ENZYME'S CATALYTIC PROPERTIES THROUGH THE SURROUNDING POLYMER SUPPORT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SYNTHETIC MEMBRANES -- INTRODUCTION -- GAS TRANSPORT -- WATER VAPOR TRANSPORT -- ORGANIC VAPOR TRANSPORT -- REFERENCES.

Note: Front Cover -- Biological Husbandry: A Scientific Approach to Organic Farming -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION: ORIGINS OF THE INTERNATIONALINSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL HUSBANDRY -- CHAPTER 1. AN AGRICULTURE FOR THE FUTURE -- Introduction -- An assessment of conventional agriculture -- Biological agriculture -- Integrated agriculture -- Conclusions -- References -- PART I: SOIL STRUCTURE, FLORA AND FAUNA -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 2. PRIORITIES FOR SOIL USE IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES -- Essential features of a temperate climate as they affect soil -- Requirements of plant roots -- The development of a granular soil structure -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 3. ORGANIC MATTER CYCLES IN TROPICAL SOILS ANDHUSBANDRY SYSTEMS (with special reference to Africa) -- Preamble -- The variability of tropical environments -- The adaptation of traditional agricultural systems -- Towards an ecologically based tropical agricultural development -- References -- CHAPTER 4. PLANT-MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS -- References -- CHAPTER 5. INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE ON SOILINVERTEBRATE ANIMALS -- Introduction -- Fertilizers -- Cultivation -- Retrospect and prospect -- References -- CHAPTER 6. THE COMPOSTING OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES -- Introduction -- The need for composting -- Principles of composting -- The practice of farm composting -- Composting procedures in various situations -- Reduction of nitrogen losses -- Heat recovery -- Types of compost and their use -- References -- PART II: AGRICULTURAL METHODS -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 7. BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL -- Introduction -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 8. THE PLACE OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS INBIOLOGICAL HUSBANDRY -- References -- CHAPTER 9. PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF ENERGY SAVING ANDRECYCLING IN BIOLOGICAL HUSBANDRY -- Farm-scale methane production. , Direct drilling without herbicides -- Municipal sewage utilization -- Industrial and urban wastes -- Biological nitrogen fixation -- References -- CHAPTER 10. THE RELATIONSHIP OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO BIOLOGICALHUSBANDRY -- Organic carbon soil conditioners -- Organic nitrogen fertilizer or fertilizer replacements -- References -- CHAPTER 11. LIMITING FACTORS IN BIOLOGICAL HUSBANDRY-A BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH -- Introduction -- Photosynthetic potential -- Nitrogen -- Fixation of nitrogen gas -- Phosphate and potassium -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 12. ALLELOCHEMICALS IN A FUTURE AGRICULTURE -- Introduction -- The nature of allelopathy and allelochemicals -- The role of allelochemicals in weed/crop associations -- Some roles of allelochemicals in a future agriculture -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 13. THE ROLE OF SEAWEED IN 'CLOSED CYCLE'AGRICULTURE -- PART III: BIOLOGICAL HUSBANDRY IN THE TROPICS -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 14. THE SCOPE FOR BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA -- Introduction -- Manures -- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria -- Natural predators -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 15. DEVELOPING STABLE AND PRODUCTIVE BIOLOGICALCROPPING SYSTEMS FOR THE HUMID TROPICS -- Introduction -- The bush fallow and shifting cultivation -- Planted fallow -- Alley cropping -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 16. AN APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY FOR INDIANAGRICULTURE -- Land -- Climate -- Plant nutrition -- Energy -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 17. THE EFFECTS OF THREE ORGANIC MATERIALS ON THECATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THREE UGANDAN SOILS -- Introduction -- Materials and methods -- Results and discussion -- References -- CHAPTER 18. MINIMUM TILLAGE AND MULCH FARMING IN THESEMIARID AREAS OF EAST AFRICA -- CHAPTER 19. INDIAN AGRICULTURE-WAS ALBERT HOWARD RIGHT?A REASSESSMENT OF HIS PIONEERING CONTRIBUTIONS. , CHAPTER 20. BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE AND DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS -- PART IV: SYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURE -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 21. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF BIODYNAMICAGRICULTURE -- Origin and scope -- The need for complementary concepts -- The farm as an organism -- Yields and returns -- Lasting fertility -- Preparations -- The quality of feed and food -- References -- CHAPTER 22. THE BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF SMALLHOLDINGS -- Biology in agriculture -- Small-scale farming -- Economies of scale -- Relative efficiency of small- and large-scale farming -- Appropriate biology for small-scale farming -- Potential for small-scale farming in the UK -- References -- CHAPTER 23. ORGANIC FIELD CROP PRODUCTION IN THE MIDWESTERNUNITED STATES -- The position of organic farming in United States agriculture -- Recent research on organic agriculture in the United States -- Possible implications for agricultural research -- The social context of agricultural research -- References -- CHAPTER 24. DEVELOPING AGRICULTURE OF VILLAGE COMMUNITYPROJECTS IN THE WESTERN SOLOMONS -- CHAPTER 25. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ARK PROJECT AS A MODELFOR ECOLOGICAL FOOD PRODUCTION -- PART V: COMPARATIVE STUDIES -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 26. A QUALITATIVE COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONALAND BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE -- Introduction -- The lack of any qualitative difference between biological andconventional systems -- The qualitative superiority of a biological system -- The qualitative inferiority of conventional agriculture -- Discussion and conclusions -- CHAPTER 27. ENERGY UTILIZATION IN ORTHODOX AND BIOLOGICALAGRICULTURE: A COMPARISON -- Introduction -- Historical perspectives -- Biological agriculture -- Less-developed agricultural systems -- National agricultural systems -- The future -- References. , CHAPTER 28. ELEMENTS OF ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL HUSBANDRYMETHODS ON FOUR FARMS IN SOUTH-EASTERN FRANCE -- Organization and approach of the study -- Introduction to the farms -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Reference -- CHAPTER 29. ANALYSIS OF VEGETABLES PRODUCED BY ORTHODOX ANDBIOLOGICAL METHODS -- SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS -- PART VI: POSTSCRIPT -- CHAPTER 30. FEEDING THE WORLD -- INDEX.

Note: Front Cover -- Toxicology of Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Health and Ecological Effects -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS -- SECTION I: HUMAN EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- CHAPTER 1. HALOGENATED SUBSTANCES: ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF HALOGENATED BIPHENYLS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN ANIMALS AND HEALTH EFFECTS IN HUMANS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. TRENDS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN HUMAN TISSUE -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTICIDES -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- INTRODUCTION -- DESIGN OF THE STUDY -- THE STUDY UNIVERSE -- ANALYTIC TECHNIQUE -- MORTALITY BY JOB AND PRODUCT -- HEALTH STATUS OF SURVIVING EMPLOYEES -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. HEALTH STATUS OF FACTORY WORKERS WITH LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- CASE STUDIES. D-GLUCARIC ACID. -- CASE STUDIES. TOTAL PORPHYRINS AND PORPHYRIN PATTERN -- REFERENCES -- SECTION II: HEPATOTOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY -- CHAPTER 6. TOXICOLOGY OF POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS -- ABSTRACT -- KEY WORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MIXTURE -- MICROSOMAL ENZYME INDUCTION BY PBB -- TOXICITY OF PBB -- CORRELATION OF TOXICITY WITH CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- CARCINOGENICITY OF PBB -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYCHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES AND POLYCHLORINATED TERPHENYLS AS MICROSOMAL ENZYME INDUCERS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 8. PCBs AS MICROSOMAL ENZYME INDUCERS: STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RULES -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. BIOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ALTERATION OF RAT LIVER BY PHOTOHEPTACHLOR -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- LITERATURE CITED -- CHAPTER 10. RETRODIFFERENTIATION: A MECHANISM FOR THE DEPRESSION OF OUABAIN BILIARY EXCRETION IN MALE RATS TREATED WITH 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- TCDD EFFECTS ON OUABAIN BILIARY EXCRETION -- TCDD EFFECTS ON ATPase ACTIVITIES -- CORRELATION OF ATPase ACTIVITIES WITH OUABAIN BILIARY EXCRETION -- MECHANISMS FOR TCDD-INDUCED DEPRESSION IN OUABAIN EXCRETION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11. MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY OF 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROAZOBENZFNE AND 3,3',4,4'-TETRACRLOROAZOXYBENZENE: IMPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- SHORT-TERM CARCINOGENICITY/MUTAGENICITY STUDIES -- INDUCTION OF HEPATIC MICROSOMAL ENZYMES -- PATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN RODENTS -- DIPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12. AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CARCINOGENICITY OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES -- ABSTRACT -- KEY WORDS -- CARCINOGENICITY OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgement -- Literature Cited -- SECTION III: CYTOTOXICITY, TERATOGENICITY, MUTAGENICITY, AND NEUROTOXICITY -- CHAPTER 13. IN VITRO MEASUREMENT OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL TOXICITY -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Toxicity in vivo and IN vitro -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- TEXT -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 15. CARDIOVASCULAR TERATOGENESIS IN CHICK EMBRYOS TREATED WITH 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. WATER CHLORINATION AS A SOURCE OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- NATURAL ORGANOHALOGEN MUTAGENS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. MODE OF ACTION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- SITE OF ACTION OF DDT AND ITS DERIVATIVES -- MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DDT AND ITS DERIVATIVES -- COMPARISON WITH PYRETHROIDS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18. NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- BEHAVIORAL STUDIES IN RATS -- STUDIES IN. VITRO -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- SECTION IV: METABOLISM AND TOXICODYNAMICS -- CHAPTER 19. THE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO METABOLISM OF 2,3,7,8- TETRACHLOROD-p- ORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN IN THE GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTER -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20. BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF CYCLODIENES AND THEIR PHOTOISOMERS AND HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE IN MAMMALS AND FISH -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21. DISPOSITION OF PERSISTENT HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS IN HIGHER ANIMALS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. DISPOSITION OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ACCUMULATION FROM DIETARY SOURCES -- MULTIPLE ORAL DOSES -- INTRAVENOUS DOSES -- ROUTES OF EXCRETION -- GENERALIZATIONS -- PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING -- PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS ON METABOLISM AND EXCRETION -- APPLICATIONS. , ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23. METABOLISM AND BILIARY EXCRETION OF CHLORDECONE (KEPONE) IN HUMANS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- SECTION V: TOXICITY, EMBRYOTOXICITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE -- CHAPTER 24. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PCBs AND PBBs ON MINK AND FERRETS - A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- PROCEDURES -- RESULTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. FATE OF HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- PHOTOLYSIS -- HYDROLYSIS -- SOIL ADSORPTION -- SOIL DEGRADATION -- AQUEOUS BIODEGRADATION -- MICROBIAL EFFECTS -- BIOCONCENTRATION -- FATE IN MAMMALS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 26. SEDIMENT SORPTION AND TOXICITY OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES TO MARINE INVERTEBRATES -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 27. NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM PCBs: BIOAVAILABILITY AND INACTIVATION WITH ACTIVATED CARBON -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Front Cover -- Animal Protein Supplies, Part B -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Previous Volumes -- Part A: General Considerations -- Chapter I. The Upper Limits of Livestock Production -- I. Introduction -- II. Factors That Interact to Determine Upper Limits of Livestock Production -- III. Potentials for Increases in Production, by Types of Areas -- IV. An Overall Assessment of Potential Increases in Animal Production -- References -- Chapter II. Government Policy and the Production of Animal Protein: An International Perspective -- I. Introduction -- II. The Livestock Sector and Economic Development -- III. The Subtleties of Economic Policy -- IV. The Biology of Livestock and Economic Policy -- V. Economic Policies Relating to the Livestock Sector -- VI. Implications and Lessons Learned -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter III. The Nutritional and Metabolic Impact of Variable Protein Intake in Man -- I. Introduction -- II. Considerations in Determining Protein Requirements -- III. General Health Aspects of Adequate Protein Intake -- IV. Effects of Excessive Protein Intake -- V. Protein Effects on Serum Lipid Levels -- VI. Altered Protein Intake in the Future -- VII. Summary -- References -- Part B: Swine, Poultry, and Small Ruminants -- Chapter IV. Developments in Pork Production -- I. Historical Perspective -- II. Moral and Economic Considerations -- III. Energetic Efficiency -- IV. Nutrient Requirements -- V. Nutritional Value of Pork -- VI. Future Limitations and Challenges -- References -- Chapter V. Issues in Poultry Production -- I. Introduction -- II. The Poultry Industry -- III. Poultry Rations -- IV. Mechanization in the Commercial Broiler and Layer Industries -- V. Energy Requirements -- VI. Breeding. , VII. Potential for Increase in Poultry Production in Less-Industrialized Countries -- VIII. Comment -- References -- Chapter VI. Small Ruminants as Food Producers -- I. Introduction -- II. Small Ruminant Resources -- III. Products -- IV. Production and Efficiency -- V. Production Systems -- VI. PROSPECTS -- References -- Part C: Noncompetitive Sources of Food and Feed -- Chapter VII. Amino Acid Fortification -- I. Introduction -- II. Significance of Protein Quality -- III. Measurement of Protein Quality -- IV. Protein-Energy Interactions -- V. Amino Acid Fortification: Supporting Data -- VI. Applications in Animal Nutrition -- VII. Applications in Human Nutrition -- VIII. Discussion -- IX. Summary -- References -- Chapter VIII. Microorganismls as Feed and Food Protein -- I. Introduction -- II. Yeast Proteins -- III. Bacterial Proteins -- IV. Algae Protein -- V. Fungal Protein -- VI. Activated Sewage Sludge -- VII. Influence of Conditions of Growth and Processing on Nutritional Value -- VIII. Toxicology -- IX. Amino Acid Content -- X. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter IX. Noncompetitive Sources of Carbohydrates for Animal Feeding -- I. Introduction -- II. Cellulose Synthesis and Characteristics -- III. Utilization of Cellulose as an Energy Source in Animal Feeding -- IV. Effect of Time of Harvest, Processing, and Chemical Treatment on Animal Utilization -- V. Economics of Cellulose Utilization by Ruminants -- References -- Chapter X. Recycling of Animal Wastes by Feeding -- I. Introduction -- II. Nutritional Value of Animal Waste -- III. Effect of Feeding Waste on Quality of Products -- IV. Safety Considerations -- V. Summary -- References -- PART D: COMMENTARY ON THE PROTEIN PROBLEM -- Chapter XI. Protein- Requirements, Availability, Preferences -- I. Introduction -- II. Determination of Protein Requirement. , III. Correction for Protein Quality -- IV. Controversy Concerning Protein Requirements -- V. Requirement Expressed as Protein Concentration -- VI. Availability of Protein -- VII. Availability of Fat -- VIII. Food Preferences -- IX. Concluding Comments -- References -- Chapter XII. Protein Food Models -- I. Introduction -- II. A Nutrition Framework -- III. Food Concepts: Application to Regions I and II -- IV. Food Concepts: Application to Regions III, IV, and V -- V. General Properties of Technological Solutions in Matters Relating to Food and Nutrition -- VI. Comment -- References -- Index -- FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.