Note: Intro -- Sensors: A Comprehensive Survey, Volume-2 -- Contents -- Volume 2: Chemical and Biochemical Sensors, Part I -- List of Contributors -- 1 Definitions and Typical Examples -- 2 Historical Remarks -- 3 Chemical Sensor Technologies: Empirical Art and Systematic Research -- 4 Specific Molecular Interactions and Detection Principles -- 5 Specific Features of Electrochemical Sensors -- 6 Multicomponent Analysis in Chemical Sensing -- 7 Liquid Electrolyte Sensors: Potentiometry, Amperometry, and Conductometry -- 8 Solid State Electrochemical Sensors -- 9 Electronic Conductance and Capacitance-Sensors -- 10 Field Effect Chemical Sensors -- Device Principles -- Ion-Sensitive FETs -- Field Effect Gas Sensors -- 11 Calorimetric Chemical Sensors -- 12 Optochemical Sensors -- 13 Mass-Sensitive Devices -- Index -- List of Symbols and Abbreviations.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Overview -- 1.1 Development of the MedDiet -- 1.1.1 A brief history of the MedDiet -- 1.1.2 The traditional MedDiet and present day MedDiets -- 1.1.3 International differences -- 1.1.4 National representations of the MedDiet -- 1.1.5 Sources of information for the general public -- 1.2 Lifestyle factors -- 1.2.1 Meal patterns -- 1.2.2 Siestas -- 1.2.3 Physical activity -- 1.2.4 Sunshine -- 1.3 Health benefits -- 1.3.1 Mediterranean dietary patterns -- 1.3.2 Endorsements -- 1.4 The MedDiet, past, present and future -- 1.4.1 Current trends -- 1.4.2 The Greek experience -- 1.4.3 Not all bad news -- 1.4.4 Future prospects -- References -- SECTION 1: CONSTITUENTS -- 2 Constituents and Physiological Effects of Mediterranean Plant Foods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Carbohydrates -- 2.2.1 Glycaemic index -- 2.2.2 Honey -- 2.2.3 Physiological effects of carbohydrates -- 2.2.4 Fibre -- 2.3 Fats -- 2.4 Organic acids -- 2.5 Minerals -- 2.6 Vitamins -- 2.6.1 Water soluble vitamins -- 2.6.2 Fat soluble vitamins -- 2.7 Phytochemicals -- 2.7.1 Classes of phytochemicals -- 2.7.2 Sensory properties of phytochemicals -- 2.7.3 Phenolics -- 2.7.4 Terpenes -- 2.7.5 Sulphur-containing compounds -- 2.7.6 Polyacetylenes -- 2.7.7 Nitrogen-containing compounds -- 2.8 Mediterranean plants as medicines -- References -- 3 Influences of the Supply Chain on the Composition of Mediterranean Plant Foods -- 3.1 Significance of the supply chain -- 3.2 Growth conditions -- 3.2.1 A brief overview of plant metabolism -- 3.2.2 Soil -- 3.2.3 Sun -- 3.2.4 Water -- 3.2.5 Other environmental factors -- 3.3 Plant cultivar -- 3.4 Food retailers and food processing -- 3.4.1 Anatomical distribution of nutrients -- 3.4.2 Freshness -- References -- 4 Influences of Food Preparation and Bioavailability on Nutritional Value -- 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Food preparation -- 4.2.1 Chopping -- 4.2.2 Cooking -- 4.3 Nutrient bioavailability -- 4.3.1 Pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals -- 4.3.2 Liberation -- 4.3.3 Absorption -- 4.3.4 Distribution -- 4.3.5 Metabolism -- 4.3.6 Excretion -- 4.3.7 Inter-individual variations in phytochemical pharmacokinetics -- References -- 5 Guide to the Composition of Mediterranean Plant Foods -- 5.1 Types of plant foods consumed as part of a MedDiet -- 5.1.1 Consumption -- 5.1.2 Diversity of consumption -- 5.2 Vegetables -- 5.2.1 Green leafy vegetables -- 5.2.2 Other green vegetables -- 5.2.3 Root vegetables -- 5.2.4 Alliums -- 5.2.5 Solanaceous vegetables -- 5.2.6 Legumes -- 5.3 Wheat products -- 5.4 Fruits -- 5.4.1 Citrus fruits -- 5.4.2 Apples and related fruits -- 5.4.3 Stone fruits -- 5.4.4 Grapes -- 5.4.5 Other berries -- 5.4.6 Pomegranates -- 5.4.7 Figs -- 5.4.8 Dates -- 5.4.9 Olives -- 5.5 Herbs and spices -- 5.6 Nuts and seeds -- 5.6.1 Nuts -- 5.6.2 Seeds -- References -- 6 Olive Oil and Other Fats -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Olive oil -- 6.2.1 Consumption and production -- 6.2.2 Origin and varieties of olive trees -- 6.2.3 Olive oil production -- 6.2.4 Traceability and European regulations -- 6.2.5 Biochemical composition -- 6.3 Other fat sources -- 6.3.1 Nuts and seeds -- 6.3.2 Herbs and spices -- 6.3.3 Meat and dairy -- 6.3.4 Eggs -- 6.3.5 Fish and shellfish -- References -- 7 Wine and Other Drinks -- 7.1 Wine -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Production -- 7.1.3 Composition -- 7.1.4 Metabolism of wine -- 7.1.5 Consumption patterns and health -- 7.1.6 The resveratrol controversy -- 7.2 Aniseed-flavoured spirits -- 7.2.1 Consumption -- 7.2.2 Composition -- 7.2.3 Physiological effects -- 7.3 Tea -- 7.3.1 Consumption -- 7.3.2 Composition -- 7.3.3 Physiological effects -- 7.4 Coffee -- 7.4.1 Consumption -- 7.4.2 Composition and physiological effects -- References. , SECTION 2 HEALTH EFFECTS -- 8 Epidemiological Methods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study designs -- 8.2.1 Descriptive epidemiology -- 8.2.2 Ecological studies -- 8.3 Analytical epidemiology -- 8.3.1 Case-control and prospective studies -- 8.4 Intervention studies -- 8.5 Expression and interpretation of data from epidemiological studies -- 8.6 Dietary patterns -- 8.6.1 A priori dietary patterns -- 8.6.2 A posteriori dietary patterns -- 8.7 Criteria for judging epidemiological data -- References -- 9 General Mechanisms for Disease Prevention -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methods for studying the effects of nutrients on disease mechanisms -- 9.2.1 General considerations -- 9.2.2 In vitro models -- 9.2.3 Animal models -- 9.2.4 Human intervention studies -- 9.3 Oxidative stress -- 9.3.1 What are free radicals? -- 9.3.2 Production of reactive species -- 9.3.3 Effects of reactive species -- 9.3.4 Antioxidant defences -- 9.3.5 Measuring antioxidant activity -- 9.3.6 Antioxidant activity in the Mediterranean diet -- 9.3.7 Limitations of the dietary antioxidant theory -- 9.4 Inflammation -- 9.4.1 The inflammatory response -- 9.4.2 The MedDiet and inflammation -- 9.4.3 n-3 Fatty acids -- 9.4.4 Phenolics -- 9.4.5 Pro-inflammatory foods -- 9.5 Modulation of cell signalling pathways by phenolics -- 9.5.1 Cell signalling pathways in disease -- 9.6 Gene interactions -- 9.6.1 Genetic predisposition to diet - nutrigenetics -- 9.6.2 Effects of diet on gene expression -- 9.7 Increased stress resistance -- 9.7.1 The general concept -- 9.7.2 Mechanistic basis of hormesis -- 9.8 Nutrient interactions and the Mediterranean dietary pattern -- 9.8.1 Minimising spikes in plasma concentrations -- 9.8.2 Synergistic interactions -- References -- 10 Metabolic Disorders -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Obesity -- 10.2.1 Introduction -- 10.2.2 Epidemiology -- 10.2.3 Mechanisms. , 10.3 Metabolic syndrome -- 10.3.1 Introduction -- 10.3.2 Epidemiology -- 10.3.3 Mechanisms -- 10.4 Type 2 diabetes -- 10.4.1 Introduction -- 10.4.2 Epidemiology -- 10.4.3 Mechanisms -- References -- 11 Cardiovascular Diseases -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Nutrition and the biology of CVD -- 11.2.1 Atherogenesis -- 11.2.2 Cardiac arrhythmias -- 11.3 Epidemiological evidence and mechanisms -- 11.3.1 Fat and fatty acids -- 11.3.2 Plant food constituents -- 11.3.3 Whole foods -- 11.3.4 Dietary patterns -- References -- 12 Cancers -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Nutritional factors and the biology of cancer -- 12.2.1 Introduction -- 12.2.2 Carcinogenesis -- 12.2.3 The issue of selectivity -- 12.2.4 Mediterranean dietary pattern and cancer prevention -- 12.3 Epidemiological evidence and mechanisms -- 12.3.1 Fats -- 12.3.2 Plant food constituents -- 12.3.3 Tea -- 12.3.4 Coffee -- 12.3.5 Wine and alcohol -- 12.3.6 Plant foods -- 12.3.7 Dietary patterns -- References -- 13 Neurological and Other Disorders -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Dementias -- 13.2.1 Introduction -- 13.2.2 Epidemiology -- 13.2.3 Mechanisms -- 13.3 Parkinson's disease -- 13.3.1 Introduction -- 13.3.2 Epidemiology -- 13.3.3 Mechanisms -- 13.4 Depression -- 13.4.1 Introduction -- 13.4.2 Epidemiology -- 13.4.3 Mechanisms -- 13.5 Rheumatoid arthritis -- 13.5.1 Introduction -- 13.5.2 Epidemiology -- 13.5.3 Mechanisms -- 13.6 Age-related macular degeneration -- 13.6.1 Introduction -- 13.6.2 Epidemiology -- 13.6.3 Mechanisms -- 13.7 All cause mortality -- 13.7.1 Fruit and vegetables -- 13.7.2 Alcohol -- 13.7.3 Wine -- 13.7.4 Dietary pattern -- 13.8 General conclusions -- References -- 14 Public Health Issues -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 Public health and its objectives -- 14.1.2 The challenges of public health in Europe -- 14.2 Which MedDiet? -- 14.3 Which constituents are important in the MedDiet?. , 14.3.1 Olive oil -- 14.3.2 Cereals and legumes -- 14.3.3 Fruit and vegetables -- 14.3.4 Herbs and spices -- 14.3.5 Meat and dairy products -- 14.3.6 Wine and tea -- 14.3.7 How can the Mediterranean dietary pattern be implemented? -- 14.4 Transferring the Mediterranean dietary pattern -- 14.4.1 Public health recommendations and education -- 14.4.2 Governments' and communities' food policies -- 14.4.3 Individual choices and attitudes -- References -- SECTION 3 APPENDICES -- Appendix 1 Abbreviations -- Appendix 2 Epidemiological Studies -- Index.

Note: Intro -- CRYSTALS IN GLASS -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Introduction: 36 Years of Research and Discoveries about Glass Crystallization -- Glass Myth Shattered (Science Now, May 16, 1998) -- Acknowledgments -- Letter from S. D. Stookey - The Inventor of Glass-ceramics -- Crystals in Glass - A Celebration of Science and Art -- Internal Nucleation in Glasses -- Lithium Disilicate Crystals in an Isochemical Glass -- Spherulitic Crystals in a Stoichiometric Barium Disilicate Glass -- Internal Crystallization in Ti-cordierite Glass -- Papaya-seed-like Nanocrystals in Fresnoite Glass -- Lithium Diborate Crystals in an Isochemical Glass -- Internal Crystal in a Diopside Glass -- Lithium Niobium Disilicate (Double) Crystals in a Nonstoichiometric Glass -- Crystals in Li2O-Doped Soda-lime-silica Glasses -- Textured Worm-like Crystals in a Bioactive Glass Fiber -- Liquid-liquid Phase Separation and Crystallization in Photo-thermo-refractive Glass -- Star-like Crystals in the Volume of PTR Glass -- Cristobalite Crystals in PTR Glass -- Surface Layer and Internal Crystallization in PTR Glass -- The Courtyard Effect in Stoichiometric Soda-lime-silica Glass -- The Courtyard Effect in Stoichiometric Soda-lime-silica Glass -- The Courtyard Effect-LS Crystals in a Eutectic Glass -- Hematite Crystals in Soda-lime-silica Glass -- Ionic Conducting Glass-ceramics -- Surface Nucleation on Glasses -- Surface Crystallization of Lithium Diborate Glass -- Cordierite Crystal on the Surface of a Cordierite Glass -- Surface Nucleation on Cordierite Glass -- Nucleation on Scratches, Cracks, and Bubbles -- Crystals on Bubble Surfaces in a Diopside Glass -- Surface Crystallization on a Calcium Phosphate Glass -- Surface Crystallization on Ca-rich Diopside Glass -- Surface Crystallization on Ca-rich Diopside Glass. , Wollastonite Needles in a Commercial Window (Soda-lime-silica) Glass -- Needle-like Crystals on CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- "Onion-rings" 1Na2O.2CaO.3SiO2 Crystals on the Surface an Isochemical Glass -- Laser-induced Surface Crystallization of Sm2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 Glass -- Viscous Sintering with Concurrent Crystallization -- Sintering with Concurrent Surface Crystallization of Diopside Glass Spheres -- Sintering with Concurrent Crystallization of Two Diopside Glass Spheres -- Sintering and Surface Crystallization of Spherical Soda-lime-silica Glass Particles -- Eutectic Crystallization -- Crystallization Propagating from the Surface of a CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Eutectic Crystallization on a CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Eutectic Crystallization of CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Hummingbird-like Crystals on the Surface of a Eutectic CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Orchid-like Crystallization in a Eutectic CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Star-fruit-like Crystals in a Eutectic Glass -- Cracks and Bubbles in Glass-ceramics -- Self-cracking of Crystals in Isochemical Glass -- Spontaneous Crack Propagation in a Bioactive Glass-ceramic -- Toughening of a Glass-ceramic by Crack De. ection -- Toughening of a Dental Glass-ceramic by Crack De. ection -- Nucleation of Bubbles in a Bio Glass-ceramic -- Reviews of "Crystals in Glass: A Hidden Beauty" -- About the Author.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Radioactivity and the biological effects of ionizing radiation -- 1.1. Units used -- 1.2. Natural radioactivity -- 1.3. Biological effects of ionizing radiation -- 1.4. Radiation protection principles -- 2. Nuclear safety organization -- 2.1. Nuclear security and safety -- 2.2. Nuclear safety organization and responsibility sharing -- 2.3. Safety analysis reports and regulations -- 2.4. Developments in safety goals -- 2.5. Safety Culture -- 3. Deterministic safety approach -- 3.1. Determination of specific risks -- 3.2. Potential risks, residual risks, acceptable risks -- 3.3. The barriers -- 3.4. The defense in depth concept -- 3.5. Quality Control -- 4. Analysis of operating conditions -- 4.1. Classification of operating conditions -- 4.2. Definition of design basis operating condition categories -- 4.3. Choice of operating conditions -- 4.4. Operating conditions: list and subdivisions -- 4.5. Operating condition analysis process -- 4.6. Consideration of internal or external hazards -- 5. Assessment of the radiological consequences of accidents -- 5.1. Quantities of radioactive products involved -- 5.2. Release rates -- 5.3. Transfer and deposit in reactor systems -- 5.4. Transfer and deposit in buildings -- 5.5. Leak rate to the outside atmosphere and filtering provisions -- 5.6. Environmental transport and deposit conditions -- 5.7 Pathways to man -- 5.8. Dose conversion factors -- 5.9. Changes in radiological consequence calculation methods -- 6. An example of accident analysis: LOCA -- 6.1. Physical effects of a large break -- 6.2. Assumptions adopted in safety analysis -- 6.3. Acceptability criteria and results -- 6.4. Evaluation of radiological consequences -- 6.5. Safety demonstration evolution -- 7. Assessment of safety justifications -- 7.1. Data drawn from operating condition studies. , 7.2. Checking the number of lines of defense -- 7.3. New safety demonstration requirements for the N4 series -- 8. A particular barrier point: the steam generator tubes -- 8.1. Steam generator tube rupture without human intervention -- 8.2. Complementary French studies -- 8.3. Dealing with the problem for the N4 series -- 9. Internal hazards -- 9.1. Missiles from inside the containment -- 9.2. The results of piping breaks -- 9.3. Turbogenerator bursting -- 9.4. Protection against load dropping -- 9.5. Fire protection -- 9.6. Internal flooding -- 10. External hazards -- 10.1. Determination of earthquake hazards -- 10.2. Protection against aircraft crashes -- 10.3. Industrial hazards -- 10.4. Floods -- 10.5. Protection against other external hazards -- 11. Complementary operating conditions -- 11.1. Origins -- 11.2. The position of the safety authorities -- 11.3. Complementary operating conditions -- 12. Probabilistic assessment of an accident sequence -- 12.1. Effects of failures and initial assumptions -- 12.2. Chronological list of the elements forming the scenario -- 12.3. Required data -- 12.4. Assessment results -- 12.5. Revision of scenarios and their probabilities -- 13. The accident at Three Mile Island -- 13.1. The accident -- 13.2. Causes of the accident -- 13.3. Lessons learned from the accident -- 14. The state-oriented approach -- 14.1. Limits of the event-related approach -- 14.2. Development of the state-oriented approach -- 14.3. First application of the state-oriented approach -- 14.4 Generalization of the state-oriented approach -- 14.5. Safety panels -- 15. Preparation for the management of severe accidents -- 15.1. Core and vessel degradation -- 15.2. The Rasmussen report -- 15.3. "Source terms -- 15.4. Severe accident management studies in France -- 15.5. Radiological consequences of source term S3 and intervention provisions. , 15.6. List of ultimate emergency procedures -- 15.7. Summary of procedures -- 15.8. Internal Emergency Plan -- 15.9. The fourth level of defense in depth -- 16. Special risks associated with criticality accidents -- 16.1. Theoretical scenario -- 16.2. A plausible scenario and corrective measures -- 16.3. Identification of other dilution scenarios -- 16.4. Other criticality accident hazards -- 16.5. International information -- 17. Emergency preparedness and IPSN resources -- 17.1. Emergency preparedness -- 17.2. Role of the IPSN crisis team -- 17.3. Method and tools of the assessment cell -- 17.4. Methods and tools of the radiological consequences cell -- 17.5. Conclusion on the method and tools -- 17.6. External Emergency Plan -- 17.7. Environmental transfer and deposit conditions -- 18. Severe accident research and development work -- 18.1. Thermal hydraulic codes -- 18.2. Fission product codes -- 18.3. Fission product experiments -- 18.4. Corium and containment building behavior studies -- 18.5. Other on-going surveys -- 19. Probabilistic safety assessment -- 19.1. Initiation of the studies -- 19.2. Aims and organization of the studies -- 19.3. Core meltdown probability assessment method -- 19.4. Specificities of French studies -- 19.5. Results of the 900 PSA survey -- 19.6. Results of the 1300 PSA -- 19.7. Comparison with studies undertaken abroad -- 20. Applications and development of probabilistic studies -- 20.1. Use of probabilistic safety studies -- 20.2. Development of these studies and tools -- 20.3. Probabilistic assessment of radioactive release -- 20.4. Conclusions on the probabilistic safety studies -- 21. The Chernobyl accident -- 21.1. The Chernobyl plant and the RBMK reactors -- 21.2. The accident -- 21.3. The release and its consequences -- 21.4. Causes of the accident and lessons learned. , 21.5. Future of the other Chernobyl units -- 21.6. Lessons drawn in France -- 21.7. Information of the general public and communication -- 21.8. After Chernobyl -- 22. General operating rules -- 22.1. General operating rules -- 22.2. Technical Operating Specifications -- 22.3. Initial and periodic tests -- 22.4. Emergency operating procedures -- 23. Incident analysis -- 23.1. Incident selection -- 23.2. Significant incident analysis methods -- 23.3. Case of a repetitive incident -- 24. Detailed analysis of incidents involving human factors -- 24.1. Pressurizer heater damage at Flamanville 2 -- 24.2. Isolation of pressurizer level sensors at Cruas 2 -- 24.3. Isolation of pressurizer level sensors at Gravelines 4 -- 24.4. Analysis and lessons -- 24.5. Check on sensor operability -- 24.6. General considerations on maintenance activity quality -- 24.7. Defense in depth applied to operation -- 25. Preventive maintenance and in-service surveillance -- 25.1. In-service surveillance for large components -- 25.2. Preventive maintenance of equipment -- 25.3. Steam generators -- 25.4. Steam line defects -- 25.5. Closure head adapter cracking -- 26. Some French precursors -- 26.1. Incidents -- 26.2. Latent nonconformances revealed by inspections -- 27. Periodic safety review -- 27.1. Safety review methodology -- 27.2. Fessenheim and Bugey plant safety reviews -- 27.3. Safety review of the CP1 and CP2 standardized 900 MWe plant series -- 28. The international dimension -- 28.1. The IAEA standards and guides program -- 28.2. The Incident Reporting System -- 28.3. French-German comparisons -- 28.4. Services proposed by the IAEA -- 28.5. Plants of soviet design -- 29. The next generation of reactors -- 29.1. Setting up of French-German safety options -- 29.2. Changes in safety objectives -- 29.3. Application of the defense in depth concept. , 29.4. Preliminary characteristics of the EPR project -- 29.5. Illustration of defense in depth provisions -- 30. Safety considerations on other nuclear installations -- 30.1. Safety organization changes at the CEA -- 30.2. General safety approach -- 30.3. Safety objectives, notion of acceptability -- 30.4. Risk potentials -- 30.5. Design bases -- 30.6. Safety analysis of an installation -- 30.7. Operating safety -- 30.8. Plant end of life -- 30.9. Conclusion of this chapter -- Conclusion -- Appendix A - Basic safety rules -- A.1 Rules concerning pressurized water reactors (June 1995) -- A.2 Rules concerning basic nuclear installations other than reactors (June 1995) -- Appendix B - Regulatory texts related to quality -- B.1. Order of August, 10, 1984 -- B.2. Circular of August, 10, 1984 -- Appendix C - French nuclear power plants -- C.1. Graphite-moderated, gas-cooled reactors (GCR) -- C.2. Heavy water reactor (HWR) -- C.3. fast breeder reactors (FBR) -- C.4. Pressurized water reactor (PWR) -- Appendix D - Basic Nuclear Installations -- D.1. Experimental reactors in service -- D.2. Fuel cycle basic nuclear installations -- D.3. Other CEA basic nuclear installations -- D.4. Other nuclear installations -- D.5. Particle accelerators considered as basic nuclear installations.

Note: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Overview -- Chapter 1 Introduction and synthesis of key themes -- Chapter 2 Policy implications -- Organisations and Economies -- Chapter 3 Organising to deliver resilience -- Chapter 4 Managing for resilience -- Chapter 5 Boiling frogs, black swans and the Lucky Country - how resilient is our economy and how could we improve its resilience? -- Governance and Security -- Chapter 6 Governance for a surprising world -- Chapter 7 Security, prosperity and resilience -- Chapter 8 Resilience and global financial governance -- Energy and Settlements -- Chapter 9 Peak oil - catalyst for a resilient, sustainable society -- Chapter 10 Resilient cities -- Health and Education -- Chapter 11 Why are some people more resilient to health problems than others? -- Chapter 12 Reforming Australia's early childhood development systems - the role of resilience theory -- Chapter 13 Population health - a forgotten dimension of social resilience -- Chapter 14 Education - revolution or resilience -- Environment and Society -- Chapter 15 Resilience of social-ecological systems -- Chapter 16 Climate change - a resilience perspective -- Chapter 17 Resilience to global change -- Disaster Preparedness and Recovery -- Chapter 18 Biosecurity - preparing for the unexpected -- Chapter 19 Pandemic preparedness and resilience -- Chapter 20 The role of communication in supporting resilient communities -- Chapter 21 Beyond resilience in the face of disaster - transforming adversity by transforming ourselves and our systems -- Index.

Note: Intro -- ENZYME TECHNOLOGIES -- CONTENTS -- Contributors -- Preface -- PART A NEW APPROACHES TO FINDING AND MODIFYING ENZYMES -- 1 Functional Metagenomics as a Technique for the Discovery of Novel Enzymes and Natural Products -- 2 Directed Enzyme and Pathway Evolution -- 3 Combining Natural Biodiversity and Molecular-Directed Evolution to Develop New Industrial Biocatalysts and Drugs -- 4 Principles of Enzyme Optimization for the Rapid Creation of Industrial Biocatalysts -- PART B BIOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS -- 5 Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients -- 6 Enzymatic Processes for the Production of Pharmaceutical Intermediates -- 7 Novel Developments Employing Redox Enzymes: Old Enzymes in New Clothes -- PART C BIOSYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS -- 8 Drug Discovery and Development by Combinatorial Biosynthesis -- 9 Reprogramming Daptomycin and A54145 Biosynthesis to Produce Novel Lipopeptide Antibiotics -- 10 Pathway and Enzyme Engineering and Applications for Glycodiversification -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Oxidative Stress In Vertebrates and Invertebrates: Molecular Aspects of Cell Signaling -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Part I: Oxidative Stress in Vertebrates -- 1: Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Brain: Signaling for Neural Cell Survival or Suicide -- 2: Free Radicals, Signal Transduction, and Human Disease -- 3: Oxidative Stress and its Biochemical Consequences in Mitochondrial DNA Mutation-Associated Diseases: Implications of Redox Therapy for Mitochondrial Diseases -- 4: Oxidative Stress in Kainic Acid Neurotoxicity: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 5: Survival Strategy and Disease Pathogenesis According to the Nrf2-Small Maf Heterodimer -- 6: Caloric Restriction and Oxidative Stress -- 7: Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation -- 8: Neurosteroids in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Injury in Alzheimer Disease -- 9: Oxidative Stress in Adult Neurogenesis and in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease -- 10: Oxidative Stress and Parkinson Disease -- 11: Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases -- 12: Oxidative Stress and Aging: A Comparison between Vertebrates and Invertebrates -- 13: Oxidative Stress-Mediated Signaling Pathways by Environmental Stressors -- 14: Selenoproteins in Cellular Redox Regulation and Signaling -- 15: Antioxidant Therapy and its Effectiveness in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Disorders -- 16: The Protective Role of Grape Seed Polyphenols Against Oxidative Stress in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 17: Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties of Propolis (Bee Glue) -- Part II: Oxidative Stress in Invertebrates -- 18: Endocrine Control of Oxidative Stress in Insects -- 19: Oxidative Stress in the Airway System of the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster. , 20: Molecular Mechanisms of Antioxidant Protective Processes in Honeybee Apis mellifera -- 21: Molecular Basis of Iron-induced Oxidative Stress in the Honeybee Brain: A Potential Model System of Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurological Diseases -- 22: Modulation of Oxidative Stress by Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling in Drosophila: Implications for Human Diseases -- 23: Orchestration of Oxidative Stress Responses in Drosophila melanogaster: A Promoter Analysis Study of Circadian Regulatory Motifs -- 24: The Protective Role of Sestrins Against Chronic TOR Activation and Oxidative Stress -- 25: Current Advances in the Studies of Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Memory Impairment in C. elegans -- 26: Oxidative Challenge and Redox Sensing in Mollusks: Effects of Natural and Anthropic Stressors -- 27: Perspective and Directions for Future Studies -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Description -- Title page -- Map -- Dedication -- Map: Olifants Game Reserve -- Foreword -- Introduction -- From the 'Magdalena Method' to the Alliance with Olifants North -- The Klaserie Fence is History! -- Nothing Achieved … I'm Happy to Report -- Real Big Game Country -- To Cull or not to Cull, That is the Question -- Reflections on Youth and Nature Conservation -- Elephants … Their Future and Our Future -- Gerrit Scheepers -- There's No Substitute for Enthusiasm -- How 'Tau Kopje' Got its Name -- 'The Gentlemen's Club' … A Lesson in Loyalty -- Waterholes and Fire … a Practical Perspective -- Observations During Drought -- Global Warming and Rainfall Patterns -- Riding the Crest? -- 'Til Death Us Do Part … -- Shilo -- With a Little Human Help, 'Hang-lip' Gets a New Lease on Life -- Elephants Don't Like Joggers -- White Lions -- Some More on Lions, and a Word or Two on Trophy Hunting -- Mamba … a True Sssssssssstory -- A Close Call at Hide Dam -- In the Marula's Shade -- Management of Game Populations -- Back to My Roots … Turning 50! -- Fence Gone … Game Gone? -- Tree Huggers … We Have Them, Too! -- The Dynamism of Lions on Olifants -- Kudu and Bushpig Country -- A Stressful Time of Year -- Lion Update -- Vendetta … -- Jogging in the Bush -- Something of Value -- Bring 'em Back Alive … -- Poachers Caught … -- The 2000 Floods … 46 Years Early! -- Today's Special … Free Leopards! -- Snare Removed from Elephant … Poachers Removed from Circulation -- Compassion … A Game Ranger's Virtue? -- Rangers and Rifles -- Jest Jurgen … and There's More! -- Tracking - Science or Mysterious Art? -- Not Just Another Buffalo Story -- The Olifants Annual Game Census … Is it Necessary? -- Easter is the Best Time -- Orphaned Rhino -- Black Rhino -- Leaving a Bloodline - Legacy or Liability? -- Elephant Field Tests a Tyre. , Olifants Rangers Versus Poachers Disunited -- Lost in the Bush … -- Tannin: The Tree-saving Kudu-killer? -- Witchdoctors! -- Signs of Elephant Running out of Space? -- Pigeons and Prisoners -- My Way with Leopards -- Man-eaters -- Man-eaters Can Swim, Too -- Marula Madness -- Photographs -- Bibliography and references -- Acknowledgements -- Copyright.

Note: Front Cover -- Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 - Introduction and terminology -- 1.1 A LITTLE HISTORY -- 1.2 WHAT IS SOUND? -- 1.3 PROPAGATION OF SOUND THROUGH GAS -- 1.4 MEASURABLE ASPECTS OF SOUND -- 1.5 GENERAL -- 1.6 STANDARD INTERNATIONAL (SI) UNITS -- 1.7 PRESSURE AND DENSITY -- 1.8 SPEED AND VELOCITY -- 1.9 IMPEDANCE -- 1.10 INTENSITY, ENERGY DENSITY, AND LEVELS -- Notes -- Chapter 2 - The wave equation and solutions -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 DERIVATION OF THE WAVE EQUATION -- 2.3 GENERAL SOLUTIONS OF THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION -- 2.4 SOLUTION OF WAVE EQUATION FOR AIR IN A TUBE TERMINATED BY AN IMPEDANCE -- 2.5 SOLUTION OF WAVE EQUATION FOR AIR IN A TUBE FILLED WITH ABSORBENT MATERIAL -- 2.6 FREELY TRAVELING PLANE WAVE -- 2.7 FREELY TRAVELING CYLINDRICAL WAVE -- 2.8 FREELY TRAVELING SPHERICAL WAVE -- PART V: SOLUTIONS OF THE HELMHOLTZ WAVE EQUATION IN THREE DIMENSIONS -- 2.9 RECTANGULAR COORDINATES -- 2.10 CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES -- 2.11 SPHERICAL COORDINATES -- Notes -- Chapter 3 - Electro-mechano-acoustical circuits -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MEANINGS OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS -- 3.3 MECHANICAL ELEMENTS -- 3.4 ACOUSTICAL ELEMENTS -- 3.5 ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS -- 3.6 MECHANO-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER -- 3.7 EXAMPLES OF TRANSDUCER CALCULATIONS -- 3.8 CONVERSION FROM ADMITTANCE-TYPE ANALOGIES TO IMPEDANCE-TYPE ANALOGIES -- 3.9 THÉVENIN'S THEOREM -- 3.10 TRANSDUCER IMPEDANCES -- Chapter 4 - Acoustic components -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 ACOUSTIC MASS (INERTANCE) -- 4.3 ACOUSTIC COMPLIANCES -- 4.4 ACOUSTIC RESISTANCES -- 4.5 CAVITY WITH HOLES ON OPPOSITE SIDES-MIXED MASS-COMPLIANCE ELEMENT -- 4.6 Intermediate-sized tube-mixed mass-resistance element [a (in meters) 0.01/ f and a< -- 10/f] [2]. , 4.7 Perforated sheet-mixed mass-resistance element[a (in meters) 0.01/ f and a< -- 10/f] [2] -- 4.8 ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMERS -- 4.9 REFLECTION OF A PLANE WAVE FROM A PLANE -- 4.10 RADIATION FROM A PULSATING SPHERE -- 4.11 RADIATION FROM A MONOPOLE POINT SOURCE (SIMPLE SOURCE) -- 4.12 COMBINATION OF POINT SOURCES IN PHASE -- 4.13 STEERED BEAM-FORMING ARRAY OF POINT SOURCES -- 4.14 DIPOLE POINT SOURCE (DOUBLET) -- 4.15 RADIATION FROM AN OSCILLATING SPHERE -- 4.16 DIRECTIVITY INDEX AND DIRECTIVITY FACTOR -- 4.17 PULSATING SPHERE -- 4.18 OSCILLATING SPHERE -- 4.19 PLANE CIRCULAR PISTON IN INFINITE BAFFLE -- 4.20 PLANE CIRCULAR FREE DISK -- 4.21 PLANE CIRCULAR PISTON RADIATING FROM ONE SIDE ONLY IN FREE SPACE -- 4.22 SOUND IN LOSSY TUBES -- 4.23 WAVE EQUATION FOR AN INFINITE LOSSY TUBE -- Chapter 5 - Microphones -- 5.1 PRESSURE MICROPHONES -- 5.2 PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- 5.3 COMBINATION PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- 5.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC MOVING-COIL MICROPHONE (DYNAMIC MICROPHONE) -- 5.5 ELECTROSTATIC MICROPHONE (CAPACITOR MICROPHONE) -- 5.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC RIBBON MICROPHONES -- 5.7 ELECTRICAL COMBINATION OF PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT TRANSDUCERS -- 5.8. ACOUSTICAL COMBINATION OF PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- 5.9. DUAL-DIAPHRAGM COMBINATION OF PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- Notes -- Chapter 6 - Electrodynamic loudspeakers -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 CONSTRUCTION [2] -- 6.3 ELECTRO-MECHANO-ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT -- 6.4 POWER OUTPUT -- 6.5 THIELE-SMALL PARAMETERS [5] -- 6.6 SOUND PRESSURE PRODUCED AT DISTANCE r -- 6.7 FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CURVES -- 6.8 ELECTRICAL INPUT IMPEDANCE -- 6.9 EFFICIENCY -- 6.10 MEASUREMENT OF THIELE-SMALL PARAMETERS -- 6.11 EXAMPLES OF LOUDSPEAKER CALCULATIONS -- 6.12 MAGNET SIZE -- 6.13 VOICE-COIL DESIGN -- 6.14 DIAPHRAGM BEHAVIOR -- 6.15 DIRECTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS. , 6.16 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM -- 6.17 TRANSIENT RESPONSE -- 6.18 NONLINEARITY [14] -- References -- Chapter 7 - Loudspeaker systems -- 7.1 BRIEF SUMMARY OF COMMON LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS -- 7.2 UNBAFFLED DIRECT-RADIATOR LOUDSPEAKER -- 7.3 INFINITE BAFFLE -- 7.4 FINITE-SIZED FLAT BAFFLE -- 7.5 OPEN-BACK CABINETS -- 7.6 CLOSED-BOX BAFFLE [1,2] -- 7.7 MEASUREMENT OF BAFFLE CONSTANTS -- 7.8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION -- 7.9 ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT -- 7.10 ELECTRO-MECHANO-ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT -- 7.11 RADIATED SOUND -- 7.12 ALIGNMENTS FOR PREDETERMINED FREQUENCY-RESPONSE SHAPES -- 7.13 PORT DIMENSIONS -- 7.14 DIAPHRAGM DISPLACEMENT -- 7.15 ELECTRICAL INPUT IMPEDANCE AND EVALUATION OF QL -- 7.16 PERFORMANCE -- 7.17 CONSTRUCTION AND ADJUSTMENT NOTES -- 7.18 2-PORT NETWORK FOR A BASS-REFLEX ENCLOSURE -- 7.19 TRANSMISSION-LINE ENCLOSURES -- 7.20 CROSSOVER FILTERS -- 7.21 DUAL CONCENTRIC DRIVE UNITS -- Chapter 8 - Cellphone acoustics -- 8.1 LOUDSPEAKER AND MICROPHONE -- 8.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR A CELLPHONE LOUDSPEAKER -- 8.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS -- 8.4 HEAD AND TORSO SIMULATOR -- 8.5 MICROPHONES -- 8.6 MEASUREMENTS FOR TYPE APPROVAL -- References -- Chapter 9 - Horn loudspeakers -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 ELECTRO-MECHANO-ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT [1] -- 9.3 REFERENCE EFFICIENCY -- 9.4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE -- 9.5 EXAMPLES OF HORN CALCULATIONS -- 9.6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION -- 9.7 POSSIBLE PROFILES [2] -- 9.8 MOUTH SIZE -- 9.9 INFINITE PARABOLIC HORN [11] -- 9.10 INFINITE CONICAL HORN -- 9.11 INFINITE EXPONENTIAL HORN -- 9.12 INFINITE HYPERBOLIC HORN (HYPEX) [12] -- 9.13 FINITE HORNS -- 9.14 BENDS IN HORNS -- 9.15 CROSS-SECTIONAL SHAPES -- 9.16 MATERIALS -- Chapter 10 - Sound in enclosures -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 STATIONARY AND STANDING WAVES -- 10.3 NORMAL MODES AND NORMAL FREQUENCIES -- 10.4 STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT SOUND PRESSURES. , 10.5 EXAMPLES OF RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURES -- 10.6 BASIC MATTERS -- 10.7 THE REVERBERATION EQUATIONS -- 10.8 AIR ABSORPTION -- 10.9 TOTAL STEADY SOUND-PRESSURE LEVEL -- 10.10 OPTIMUM REVERBERATION TIME -- 10.11 SOUND STRENGTH G -- 10.12 EARLY AND REVERBERANT SOUND IN CONCERT HALLS -- 10.13 DISTANCE FOR EQUALITY OF DIRECT AND REVERBERANT SOUND FIELDS -- 10.14 SOUND LEVELS FOR SPEECH AND MUSIC -- References -- Chapter 11 - Room design for loudspeaker listening -- 11.1 CONCERT HALL ACOUSTICS -- 11.2 LISTENING ROOM ACOUSTICS -- References -- Chapter 12 - Radiation and scattering of sound by the boundary value method -- 12.1 RADIATION FROM A PULSATING INFINITE CYLINDER -- 12.2 RADIATION FROM AN INFINITE LINE SOURCE -- 12.3 SCATTERING OF A PLANE WAVE FROM A RIGID SPHERE -- 12.4 SCATTERING FROM A RIGID SPHERE BY A POINT SOURCE -- 12.5 RADIATION FROM A POINT SOURCE ON A SPHERE -- 12.6 RADIATION FROM A SPHERICAL CAP IN A SPHERE -- 12.7 RADIATION FROM A RECTANGULAR CAP IN A SPHERE -- 12.8 RADIATION FROM A PISTON IN A SPHERE -- 12.9 RADIATION FROM AN OSCILLATING CONVEX DOME IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE -- 12.10 RADIATION FROM AN OSCILLATING CONCAVE DOME IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE -- Chapter 13 - Radiation and scattering of sound by the boundary integral method -- 13.1 THE HUYGENS-FRESNEL PRINCIPLE -- 13.2 THE RAYLEIGH INTEGRALS AND GREEN'S FUNCTION -- 13.3 THE KIRCHHOFF-HELMHOLTZ BOUNDARY INTEGRAL -- 13.4 THE GREEN'S FUNCTION IN DIFFERENT COORDINATE SYSTEMS -- 13.5 BOUNDARY INTEGRAL METHOD CASE STUDY: RADIALLY PULSATING CAP IN A RIGID SPHERE -- 13.6 REFLECTION OF A POINT SOURCE FROM A PLANE -- 13.7 RADIATION FROM A RIGID CIRCULAR PISTON IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE -- 13.8 RADIATION FROM A RESILIENT CIRCULAR DISK WITHOUT A BAFFLE [16] -- 13.9 RADIATION FROM A RESILIENT DISK IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [19]. , 13.10 RADIATION FROM A RIGID CIRCULAR PISTON IN A FINITE CIRCULAR OPEN BAFFLE [23, 24] -- 13.11 RADIATION FROM A RIGID CIRCULAR PISTON IN A FINITE CIRCULAR CLOSED BAFFLE [30] (ONE-SIDED RADIATOR) -- 13.12 THE BABINET-BOUWKAMP PRINCIPLE -- 13.13 THE BOUWKAMP IMPEDANCE THEOREM [35] -- 13.14 RADIATION FROM AN INFINITELY LONG OSCILLATING STRIP IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [36,37] -- 13.15 THE FAR-FIELD PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AS A SPATIAL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF THE SOURCE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION -- 13.16 THE BRIDGE PRODUCT THEOREM -- 13.17 RADIATION FROM A RIGID RECTANGULAR PISTON IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [38,39] -- 13.18 MUTUAL RADIATION IMPEDANCE BETWEEN RIGID CIRCULAR PISTONS IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [40] -- 13.19 NEAR-FIELD ACOUSTICAL HOLOGRAPHY [41] -- 13.20 TIME-REVERSAL -- References -- Chapter 14 - State variable analysis of circuits -- 14.1 A BRIEF HISTORY -- 14.2 WHAT IS STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS? -- 14.3 WHY USE STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS? -- 14.4 WHAT ARE THE RESTRICTIONS? -- 14.5 SOME BASIC CIRCUIT THEORY -- 14.6 GRAPH THEORY -- 14.7 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 1: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT -- 14.8 SOLUTION OF THE WORKED EXAMPLE USING THE FADDEEV-LEVERRIER ALGORITHM [10] -- 14.9 FAR-FIELD ON-AXIS PRESSURE -- 14.10 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 2: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT USING THE NORTON EQUIVALENT SOURCE -- 14.11 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 3: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT USING A TRANSFORMER AND GYRATOR -- 14.12 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 4: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT USING CONTROLLED SOURCES -- 14.13 GYRATOR COMPRISING TWO CURRENT-CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCES -- References -- Appendix I - Frequency-response shapes for loudspeakers [1] -- References -- Appendix II - Mathematical formulas [1,2] -- References -- Appendix III - Conversion factors -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 What You Need to Know to Read This Book -- Notes and References -- 2 Introduction -- Notes and References -- 3 George Boole and Claude Shannon: Two Mini-Biographies -- 3.1 The Mathematician -- 3.2 The Electrical Engineer -- Notes and References -- 4 Boolean Algebra -- 4.1 Boole's Early Interest in Symbolic Analysis -- 4.2 Visualizing Sets -- 4.3 Boole's Algebra of Sets -- 4.4 Propositional Calculus -- 4.5 Some Examples of Boolean Analysis -- 4.6 Visualizing Boolean Functions -- Notes and References -- 5 Logical Switching Circuits -- 5.1 Digital Technology: Relays versus Electronics -- 5.2 Switches and the Logical Connectives -- 5.3 A Classic Switching Design Problem -- 5.4 The Electromagnetic Relay and the Logical NOT -- 5.5 The Ideal Diode and the Relay Logical AND and OR -- 5.6 The Bi-Stable Relay Latch -- Notes and References -- 6 Boole, Shannon, and Probability -- 6.1 A Common Mathematical Interest -- 6.2 Some Fundamental Probability Concepts -- 6.3 Boole and Conditional Probability -- 6.4 Shannon, Conditional Probability, and Relay Reliability -- 6.5 Majority Logic -- Notes and References -- 7 Some Combinatorial Logic Examples -- 7.1 Channel Capacity, Shannon's Theorem, and Error-Detection Theory -- 7.2 The Exclusive-OR Gate (XOR) -- 7.3 Error-Detection Logic -- 7.4 Error-Correction Theory -- 7.5 Error-Correction Logic -- Notes and References -- 8 Sequential-State Digital Circuits -- 8.1 Two Sequential-State Problems -- 8.2 The NOR Latch -- 8.3 The Clocked RS Flip-Flop -- 8.4 More Flip-Flops -- 8.5 A Synchronous, Sequential-State Digital Machine Design Example -- Notes and References -- 9 Turing Machines -- 9.1 The First Modern Computer -- 9.2 Two Turing Machines -- 9.3 Numbers We Can't Compute -- Notes and References -- 10 Beyond Boole and Shannon. , 10.1 Computation and Fundamental Physics -- 10.2 Energy and Information -- 10.3 Logically Reversible Gates -- 10.4 Thermodynamics of Logic -- 10.5 A Peek into the Twilight Zone: Quantum Computers -- 10.6 Quantum Logic-and Time Travel, Too! -- Notes and References -- Epilogue: For the Future: The Anti-Amphibological Machine -- Appendix: Fundamental Electric Circuit Concepts -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X.