Note: Cover -- Theorizing Music Evolution -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Introduction: Music and Evolution Revisited -- The Revival of Evolutionary Musicology -- Historicizing Music as a Deconstructed Thing -- Evolutionary Claims Are Ontological Claims -- Book Structure and Chapter Summaries -- 1. Herbert Spencer Writes to Alfred Tennyson -- Spencer the Evolutionist -- Spencer Writes to Charles Darwin -- The Shifting Terrain of Victorian Evolution Theories -- Spencer's Earworm -- 2. Charles Darwin vs. Herbert Spencer on the Origins of Music -- Music in Darwin's Early Notebooks and The Descent of Man -- Music in Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals -- Spencer's Theory of Music Perception -- Spencer and Darwin's Entwined Theories of Music -- A Debate without a Winner -- 3. Sound Symbolism in Spencer's Evolutionary Thought -- Spencer's Evolutionary Theory of Music-​Basic Theses -- Sound Symbolism as Imperial Metaphor in Spencer's Evolutionary Thought -- Music and Language as Constructed through Theories of Origins -- Plato's Contribution: Centering Sound Symbolism -- Implications and Consequences of Spencer's Sound Symbolism -- Evolutionary Voices and Nonlinear Histories -- 4. The Darwinian Musical Hypothesis -- What Is the Darwinian Musical Hypothesis? -- Antoinette Brown Blackwell's Feminist Critique of Darwin -- Problems with Applying Darwin's Theory of Sexual Selection -- Darwinian Musical Aesthetics -- Against Adaptationism -- 5. Edmund Gurney's Darwinian Music Formalism -- Gurney's Evolutionary Music Theory as Idealized Model -- Gurney, Darwin, and "Association" -- Problematizing Gurnian Formalism -- Conclusion: Post-​Darwinian Music Theory -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- A Convex Mirror -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. The Single Thought -- Introduction -- 1. Philosophy as a system -- 2. What is the single thought? -- 3. The unity and its parts -- 4. Science and philosophy of nature in the system -- 5. The Second Book of The World as Will and Representation -- 6. Philosophy of nature -- 2. An Early and Abiding Engagement with the Sciences -- Introduction -- 1. A taste for the sciences -- 2. The choice of Göttingen -- 3. Scientific education at Göttingen and Berlin -- 4. From physiology to philosophy -- 5. Berlin and the animal magnetism affair -- 3. Metaphysician and Naturforscher at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century -- Introduction -- 1. Kielmeyer, Schelling, and Naturphilosophie -- 2. Will and evolution -- 3. The Romantic legacy -- 4. Spiritism and physiology -- 5. Goethe, master and adversary -- 6. Colors as specific sensations in the eye -- 4. Metaphysics of Nature in The World as Will and Representation -- Introduction -- 1. The will between metaphysics and science -- 2. Analogy -- 3. Ideas and forces -- 4. Stufenfolge, teleology, and temporality -- 5. Philosophy of nature -- 5. In Dialogue with Kant and Schelling -- Introduction -- 1. On Kant's metaphysics of nature -- 2. The fascination of Schelling's Naturphilosophie -- 3. Appreciation and criticism of Naturphilosophie -- 4. Distinguishing science from philosophy -- 5. The conundrum of the philosophy of nature -- 6. Toward a philosophy of science -- 6. A New Season -- Introduction -- 1. Great hopes, hard times -- 2. A second edition of The World as Will and Representation? -- 3. The Supplements and the system -- 4. The rediscovery of Kant and Schelling's ghost -- 5. A new status for the sciences: professionalism and disciplines -- 7. Philosophy of the Sciences. , Introduction -- 1. The Vorlesungen and the system -- 2. Turning points -- 3. Foliant 37 -- 4. Philosophizing scientists -- 5. Philosophizing on the sciences -- 6. Physiology and philosophy -- 8. On Will in Nature: A Philosophical Work -- Introduction -- 1. A new appreciation of On Will in Nature -- 2. Confirmation and the scientists' insight into the will -- 3. Relinquishing the Ideas -- 4. Will and causality -- 5. The crucial role of On Will in Nature -- 9. Grappling with the Sciences -- Introduction -- 1. The chemical syllogism -- 2. A new approach to teleology -- 3. Creative drives -- 4. Intellect and brain, representation and reality -- 5. Matter, forces, and scientific realism -- 10. Essences, Emergence, and Ground -- Introduction -- 1. Ideas, or explaining the phenomenal world -- 2. Ideas and aesthetic experience -- 3. Ideas as essences -- 4. Teleology as an emergent property -- 5. Will and metaphysics -- 6. Definitions of will -- 7. Will and metaphysical grounding -- Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Contributors -- 1. Some Reflections on Causation -- 1. Recent Debates over Causation -- 2. Alternative Approaches: Beyond Difference-making and Mechanism -- 3. A Practice Turn (and Towards a Functional Approach?) -- 2. Causation: A Non-Reductionist, Theoretical-Term Analysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Thought Experiment and the Core Idea: Principles Linking Causation to Logical Probability -- 3. The Postulates for a Theoretical-Term Analysis of the Concept of the Relation of Causation -- 4. Defining the Relation of Causation -- 5. Some Highly Desirable Aspects of This Account of the Relation of Causation -- 6. The Alternatives to a Non-Reductionist Analysis of Causation -- 7. Some Central Objections to Humean Reductionist Analyses -- 8. The Fundamental Objection to a Non-Humean Reductionist Analysis -- 9. A Refutation of the Simplest Non-Reductionist View -- 10. Logical Probability and the Epistemological Problem of Laws of Nature -- 11. Summing Up -- 3. Robust Causal Realism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How Do We Come By Our Grasp of Causal Relations? -- 3. The Ontology of Causal Relations: Preliminaries -- 4. Knowledge of How the World Works -- 5. The Ontology of Necessary Causal Connection -- 6. Back to Epistemology: Knowledge of the World -- 7. Some Concluding Reflections -- 4. The Metaphysics of Causation: An Empiricist Critique -- 1. Overview -- 2. The Dilemma -- 3. First Horn: The Failed Quest for Factual Content -- 4. The Second Horn: Causal Metaphysics Is Not Factual -- 5. Causation Is Not Factual Discovery, but Convenient Definition -- 6. The Manipulability or Interventionist Conception of Causation -- 7. Solving Problems for the Interventionist Account -- 8. Downward Causation -- 9. Causal Maxims Are Reawakened -- 10. Conclusion. , 5. A Dispositional Account of Causation: Implications for the Biological Sciences -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Two-Event Model of Causation as a Philosophical BIAS -- 3. Implications for Biology: The Problem of Low External Validity -- 4. Diagnosis of the Problem_ A Humean Methodology -- 5. Causal Dispositionalism -- 6. Methodological Implications -- 6. Causal Efficacy: A Comparison of Rival Views -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Transmission Accounts -- 3. Mechanistic Accounts -- 4. Powers-Based Accounts -- 5. Influence: Unidirectional or Reciprocal? -- 6. Powerful Particulars Account -- 7. Case Study I: Collisions between Billiard Balls -- 8. Case Study II: Water Dissolving Salt -- 9. Conclusion -- 7. The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Causal Production: The Prospects of Variation to Trace the Transmission of Information -- 1. Why Bother with Causal Production? -- 2. Information Transmission as a Thin General Metaphysics for Causal Production -- 3. Tracing Transmission: Why Production Needs Variation -- 4. Discussion and Conclusion -- 8. Rebel With and Without a 'Cause': A Theory of Causation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Linguistics of Causatives -- 3. The Linguistics of Causative and Theories of Causation -- 4. A Problem for Truth-Conditional Theories of Causation -- 5. Further Problems for Truth-Conditional Theories -- 6. The Inferentialist Theory of Causation -- 7. Inferentialism and Causatives -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. Causal Fictionalism -- 1. Causation in the Human Sciences -- 2. Effective Strategies and Physical Laws -- 3. Finding Causes in a Physical World -- 4. The Nature of Supplementation -- 5. The Practical Role of Causal Models -- 6. Fictionalism -- 7. Retaining Causal Talk and Models -- 8. The Aim of Causal Models -- 9. The Fictionalist Attitude -- 10. Conclusion. , 10. Epistemic Causality and its Application to the Social and Cognitive Sciences -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Epistemic Theory of Causality -- 3. The Case for Epistemic Causality -- 4. Epistemic Causality in the Social Sciences -- 5. Epistemic Causality in the Cognitive Sciences -- 6. Conclusion -- Index.

Note: Cover -- The Oxford Handbook of Digital Ethics -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- Part I. Ethical Theories and Digital Ethics -- 1. The History of Digital Ethics -- 2. Virtues in the Digital Age -- 3. The Ethics of Human-​Robot Interaction and Traditional Moral Theories -- 4. Is There a Right to Internet Access? -- Part II. Social Media and Free Speech -- 5. A Normative Framework for Sharing Information Online -- 6. Fake News: Rebuilding the Epistemic Landscape -- 7. What's Wrong with Trolling? -- 8. The Moral Risks of Online Shaming -- 9. Is There Collective Responsibility for Misogyny Perpetrated on Social Media? -- 10. Extreme Speech, Democratic Deliberation, and Social Media -- Part III. Friendship, Love, and Sex -- 11. Friendship Online -- 12. The Moral Rights and Wrongs of Online Dating and Hook-​Ups -- 13. The Ethics of Sex Robots -- 14. The Ethics of Virtual Sexual Assault -- Part IV. Ethical Design of Technology -- 15. Ethical Dimensions of Persuasive Technology -- 16. How Robots Have Politics -- 17. Ethical Issues with Artificial Ethics Assistants -- 18. The Challenge of Value Alignment: From Fairer Algorithms to AI Safety -- 19. Digital Nudging: Exploring the Ethical Boundaries -- 20. Interpretability and Transparency in Artificial Intelligence -- Part V. Justice and Fairness -- 21. Algorithmic Bias and Access to Opportunities -- 22. The Ethics of Predictive Policing -- 23. (When) Is Adblocking Wrong? -- 24. Price Discrimination in the Digital Age -- Part VI. Health -- 25. The Ethics of Medical AI -- 26. Health and Digital Technology Partnerships: Too Close for Comfort? -- 27. Explainable Machine Learning, Patient Autonomy, and Clinical Reasoning -- Part VII. Privacy and Security -- 28. The Surveillance Delusion -- 29. Privacy in Social Media -- 30. The Ethics of Facial Recognition Technology. , 31. Ethical Approaches to Cybersecurity -- 32. The Ethics of Weaponized AI -- Part VIII. The Future -- 33. Should We Automate Democracy? -- 34. The Ethics of Quitting Social Media -- 35. The Ethics of Brain Uploading -- 36. How Does Artificial Intelligence Pose an Existential Risk? -- 37. Automation and the Future of Work -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Foreword -- Preface -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- Physical data, notation, and online materials -- 1 Symmetry everywhere -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Looking at symmetry -- 1.3 Some symmetrical objects -- 1.4 Defining symmetry -- 1.5 Symmetry in science -- 1.6 Symmetry in music -- 1.7 Symmetry in architecture -- 1.8 Summary and notation -- 1.8.1 Introducing symmetry notation -- References 1 -- Problems 1 -- 2 Geometry of crystals and molecules -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Reference axes -- 2.2.1 Crystallographic axes -- 2.3 Equation of a plane -- 2.4 Miller indices -- 2.4.1 Miller-Bravais indices -- 2.5 Zones -- 2.5.1 Weiss zone equation -- 2.5.2 Addition rule for crystal planes -- 2.6 Projection of three-dimensional features -- 2.6.1 Stereographic projection -- 2.6.2 Calculations in stereographic projections -- 2.6.3 Axial ratios and interaxial angles -- 2.7 Molecular geometry: VSEPR theory -- 2.8 Molecular geometry: experimental determination -- 2.8.1 Interatomic distances and angles -- 2.8.2 Conformational parameters -- 2.8.3 Internal coordinates -- 2.8.4 Errors and precision -- 2.9 Molecular geometry: theoretical determination -- 2.9.1 The Schrödinger equation -- 2.9.2 Atomic orbitals -- 2.9.3 Normalization -- 2.9.4 Probability distributions -- 2.9.5 Atomic s and p orbitals -- 2.9.6 Chemical species and molecular orbitals -- 2.10 Crystal packing -- References 2 -- Problems 2 -- 3 Point group symmetry -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Symmetry elements, symmetry operations and symmetry operators -- 3.3 Point groups -- 3.4 Symmetry in two dimensions -- 3.4.1 Rotation symmetry -- 3.4.2 Reflection symmetry -- 3.4.3 Combinations of symmetry operations in two dimensions -- 3.4.4 Two-dimensional systems and point group notation -- 3.4.5 Subgroups -- 3.5 Three-dimensional point groups -- 3.5.1 Rotation symmetry in three dimensions. , 3.5.2 Reflection symmetry in three dimensions -- 3.5.3 Roto-inversion symmetry -- 3.5.4 Stereogram representations of three-dimensional point groups -- 3.5.5 Crystallographic point groups -- 3.5.6 Crystal classes -- 3.5.7 Crystal systems -- 3.6 Derivation of point groups -- 3.6.1 Ten simple point groups -- 3.6.2 Combinations of symmetry operations in three dimensions -- 3.6.3 Euler's construction -- 3.6.4 Centrosymmetric point groups (Laue groups) and Laue classes -- 3.6.5 Projected symmetry -- 3.7 Point groups and physical properties of crystals and molecules -- 3.7.1 Enantiomorphism and chirality -- 3.7.2 Optical properties -- 3.7.3 Pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity -- 3.7.4 Dipole moments -- 3.7.5 Infrared and Raman activity -- 3.8 Point groups and chemical species -- 3.8.1 Point groups R -- 3.8.2 Point groups R -- 3.8.3 Point groups R1 -- 3.8.4 Point groups R2 -- 3.8.5 Point groups Rm -- 3.8.6 Point groups Rm -- 3.8.7 Point groups R2 and 1 -- 3.9 Non-crystallographic point groups -- 3.10 Hermann-Mauguin and Schönflies point group symmetry notations -- 3.10.1 Roto-reflection (alternating) axis of symmetry -- 3.10.2 The two symmetry notations compared -- 3.11 Point group recognition -- 3.12 Matrix representation of point group symmetry operations -- 3.12.1 Rotation matrices -- 3.13 Non-periodic crystals -- 3.13.1 Quasicrystals -- 3.13.2 Buckyballs -- 3.13.3 Icosahedral symmetry -- References 3 -- Problems 3 -- 4 Lattices -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 One-dimensional lattice -- 4.3 Two-dimensional lattices -- 4.3.1 Choice of unit cell -- 4.3.2 Nets in the oblique system -- 4.3.3 Nets in the rectangular system -- 4.3.4 Square and hexagonal nets -- 4.3.5 Unit cell centring -- 4.4 Three-dimensional lattices -- 4.4.1 Triclinic lattice -- 4.4.2 Monoclinic lattices -- 4.4.3 Orthorhombic lattices -- 4.4.4 Tetragonal lattices -- 4.4.5 Cubic lattices. , 4.4.6 Hexagonal lattice -- 4.4.7 Trigonal lattices -- 4.5 Lattice directions -- 4.6 Law of rational intercepts: reticular density -- 4.7 Reciprocal lattice -- 4.8 Rotational symmetry of lattices -- 4.9 Lattice transformations -- 4.9.1 Bravais lattice unit cell vectors -- 4.9.2 Zone symbols and lattice directions -- 4.9.3 Coordinates of points in the direct unit cell -- 4.9.4 Miller indices -- 4.9.5 Reciprocal unit cell vectors -- 4.9.6 Volume relationships -- 4.9.7 Reciprocity of F and I unit cells -- 4.9.8 Wigner-Seitz cells -- References 4 -- Problems 4 -- 5 Space groups -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 One-dimensional space groups -- 5.3 Two-dimensional space groups -- 5.3.1 Plane groups in the oblique system -- 5.3.2 Plane groups in the rectangular system -- 5.3.3 Limiting conditions on X-ray reflections -- 5.3.4 Plane groups in the square and hexagonal systems -- 5.3.5 The seventeen plane groups summarized -- 5.3.6 Comments on notation -- 5.4 Three-dimensional space groups -- 5.4.1 Triclinic space groups -- 5.4.2 Monoclinic space groups -- 5.4.3 Space groups related to point group 2 -- 5.4.4 Screw axes -- 5.4.5 Space groups related to point group m: glide planes -- 5.4.6 Space groups related to point group 2/m -- 5.4.7 Summary of the monoclinic space groups -- 5.4.8 Half-shift rule -- 5.4.9 Orthorhombic space groups -- 5.4.10 Change of origin -- 5.4.11 Standard and alternative settings of space groups -- 5.4.12 Tetragonal space groups -- 5.4.13 Space groups in the trigonal and hexagonal systems -- 5.4.14 Cubic space groups -- 5.4.15 Space groups and crystal structures -- 5.5 Matrix representation of space group symmetry operations -- 5.6 Black-white and colour symmetry -- 5.6.1 Black-white symmetry: potassium chloride -- 5.6.2 Colour symmetry -- 5.7 The international tables and other crystallographic compilations. , 5.7.1 The international tables for crystallography, Vol. A -- References 5 -- Problems 5 -- 6 Symmetry and X-ray diffraction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 X-ray diffraction -- 6.3 Recording X-ray diffraction spectra -- 6.4 Reciprocal lattice and Ewald's construction -- 6.5 X-ray intensity data collection -- 6.5.1 Laue X-ray photography -- 6.5.2 Laue projection symmetry -- 6.5.3 X-ray precession photography -- 6.5.4 Diffractometric and image plate recording of X-ray intensities -- 6.6 X-ray scattering by a crystal: the structure factor -- 6.6.1 Limiting conditions and the structure factor -- 6.6.2 Geometrical structure factor for a centrosymmetric crystal -- 6.6.3 Geometrical structure factor for an I centred unit cell -- 6.6.4 Geometrical structure factor for space group P 21/c -- 6.6.5 Geometrical structure factor for space group Pma2 -- 6.6.6 Geometrical structure factor for space group P63/m -- 6.7 Using X-ray diffraction information -- References 6 -- Problems 6 -- 7 Elements of group theory -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Group requirements -- 7.3 Group definitions -- 7.4 Examples of groups -- 7.4.1 Group multiplication tables -- 7.4.2 Reference axes in group theory -- 7.4.3 Subgroups and cosets -- 7.4.4 Similarity transformations, conjugates and symmetry classes -- 7.5 Representations and character tables -- 7.5.1 Representations on position vectors -- 7.5.2 Representations on basis vectors -- 7.5.3 Representations on atom vectors -- 7.5.4 Representations on functions -- 7.6 A first look at character tables -- 7.6.1 Transformation of atomic orbitals -- 7.6.2 Orthonormality and orthogonality -- 7.6.3 Notation for irreducible representations -- 7.6.4 Complex characters -- 7.6.5 Linear groups -- 7.6.6 Some properties of character tables -- 7.7 The great orthogonality theorem -- 7.8 Reduction of reducible representations. , 7.9 Constructing a character table -- 7.9.1 Summary of the properties of character tables -- 7.9.2 Constructing the character table for point group D3h -- 7.9.3 Handling complex characters -- 7.10 Direct products -- 7.10.1 Representations on direct product functions -- 7.10.2 Formation of a character table by direct products -- 7.10.3 How the direct product has been used -- References 7 -- Problems 7 -- 8 Applications of group theory -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Structure and symmetry in molecules and ions -- 8.2.1 Application of models -- 8.2.2 Application of diffraction studies -- 8.2.3 Application of theoretical studies -- 8.2.4 Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics techniques -- 8.2.5 Symmetry adapted molecular orbitals -- 8.2.6 Transition metal compounds: crystal-field and ligand-field theories -- 8.2.7 The hexacyanoferrate(II) ion -- 8.3 Vibrational studies -- 8.3.1 Symmetry of normal modes -- 8.3.2 Boron trifluoride -- 8.3.3 Selection rules for infrared and Raman activity: dipole moment and polarizability -- 8.3.4 Harmonics and combination vibrations -- 8.4 Group theory and point groups -- 8.4.1 Cyclic point groups -- 8.4.2 Dihedral point groups -- 8.4.3 Cubic rotation point groups -- 8.4.4 Point groups from combinations of operators -- 8.5 Group theory and space groups -- 8.5.1 Triclinic and monoclinic space groups -- 8.5.2 Orthorhombic space groups -- 8.5.3 Tetragonal space groups -- 8.5.4 Cubic space groups -- 8.6 Factor groups -- 8.6.1 Factor group analysis of iron(II) sulphide -- 8.6.2 Symmetry ascent and correlation -- 8.6.3 Site group and factor group analyses -- References 8 -- Problems 8 -- 9 Computer-assisted studies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Derivation of point groups -- 9.3 Recognition of point groups -- 9.4 Internal and Cartesian coordinates -- 9.5 Molecular geometry -- 9.6 Best-fit plane. , 9.7 Reduction of a representation in point group.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1. Quantitative Genetic Variation in Populations of Darwin's Finches -- 2. Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Optimal Life-History Allocation in the Face of Genetically Based Trade-offs -- 3. Natural Selection and the Evolution of Adaptive Genetic Variation in Northern Freshwater Fishes -- 4. Understanding Natural Selection on Traits That Are Influenced by Environmental Conditions -- 5. Adaptive Evolution and Neutral Variation in a Wild Leafminer Metapopulation -- 6. Reaching New Adaptive Peaks: Evolution of Alternative Bill Forms in an African Finch -- 7. Geographic Variation in Flower Size in Wild Radish: The Potential Role of Pollinators in Population Differentiation -- 8. Detecting Inheritance with Inferred Relatedness in Nature -- 9. Laboratory and Field Heritabilities: Some Lessons from Drosophila -- 10. Intra- and Interpopulation Genetic Variation: Explaining the Past and Predicting the Future -- 11. Adaptive Genetic Variation in the Wild -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Y.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- List of abbreviations -- List of contributors -- PART I: METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITIONS -- 1 Introduction to Metal-Insulator Transitions -- 1.1 Why study metal-insulator transitions? -- 1.2 Basic mechanisms of metal-insulator transitions -- 1.3 Current theories of the metal-insulator transition -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Metal-Insulator Transitions in Two-dimensional Electron Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Transport properties -- 2.3 Magnetic properties of the electron liquid at large r[sub(s)] -- 2.4 Comparison with theory -- 2.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Anderson Localization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Anderson localization -- 3.3 Numerical simulations -- 3.4 Experimental signatures of localization -- References -- 4 Penultimate Fate of a Dirty-Fermi Liquid -- 4.1 Experimental systems -- 4.2 Diffusion regime -- 4.3 Theory: background -- 4.4 Finite-N: one loop -- 4.5 Two loops and the metal-insulator transition in the limit N & -- #8594 -- & -- #8734 -- -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Numerical Studies of Metal-Insulator Transitions in Disordered Hubbard Models -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Repulsive Hubbard model: magnetism and transport -- 5.3 Repulsive Hubbard model: spectral function -- 5.4 Attractive Hubbard model with site dilution -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Dynamical Mean-field Theories of Correlation and Disorder -- 6.1 Mott transitions in clean and disordered systems -- 6.2 Mott-Anderson transitions: typical medium theory -- 6.3 Mott-Anderson transitions: statistical DMFT -- 6.4 Glassy behavior of correlated electrons -- 6.5 Beyond DMFT: loop expansion and diffusion modes -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Visualizing Critical Correlations Near the Metal-Insulator Transition in Ga[sub(1-x)]Mn[sub(x)]As. , 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Experimental results -- 7.3 Analysis -- 7.4 Multifractal Wavefunctions -- 7.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Glassy Dynamics of Electrons Near the Metal-Insulator Transition -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Metal-insulator transitions in two dimensions -- 8.3 Glassy freezing of electrons in two dimensions -- 8.4 Summary -- 8.5 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Phase Competition and Inhomogeneous States as a New Paradigm for Complex Materials -- 9.1 Introduction: general aspects of phase competition -- 9.2 Colossal magnetoresistance trapped in a box -- 9.3 Superconducting clustered state for underdoped cuprates -- 9.4 Other cases of inhomogeneities in model Hamiltonians for oxides -- 9.5 Conclusions: a new paradigm has developed -- Acknowledgements -- References -- PART II: SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR TRANSITIONS: PRESENT STATUS AND OPEN QUESTIONS -- 10 Superconductor-Insulator Transitions: Present Status and Open Questions -- 10.1 Why study superconductor-insulator transitions? -- 10.2 Energy scales in a superconductor: the amplitude-phase dichotomy -- 10.3 Quantum phase transitions -- 10.4 The disorder-tuned superconductor-insulator transition -- 10.5 Superconductor-insulator transitions in clean systems -- 10.6 The parallel-field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition -- 10.7 The perpendicular-field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition -- 10.8 Conclusions and open questions -- References -- 11 Scaling Analysis of Direct Superconductor-Insulator Transitions in Disordered Ultrathin Films of Metals -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Quantum Phase Transitions -- 11.3 Experimental Approach -- 11.4 Thickness- and Perpendicular Magnetic Field-Tuned SI Transitions -- 11.5 Parallel Magnetic Field SI Transition -- 11.6 Electrostatic Control of the SI Transition -- 11.7 Nonlinear and Hot Electron Effects. , 11.8 Discussion -- 11.9 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Magnetic Field-Induced Novel Insulating Phase in 2D Superconductors -- 12.1 Magnetic field as the tuning parameter -- 12.2 Novel transport properties in the insulating phase -- 12.3 Finite-frequency behavior: superconducting correlations on the insulating side -- 12.4 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Evidence of Cooper Pairs on the Insulating Side of the Superconductor-Insulator Transition -- 13.1 Introduction: the superconducting order parameter and possible insulating phases -- 13.2 Evidence of fermionic insulators: thin amorphous films -- 13.3 Evidence of bosons in insulating thin amorphous films -- 13.4 Evidence of bosons in other homogeneous films -- 13.5 Amorphous nano-honeycomb films: direct evidence of Cooper pairs -- 13.6 Signatures of Cooper-pair localization and comparison to other film systems -- References -- 14 Superconductor-Insulator Transitions in Ultra-thin & -- #945 -- -Pb Films: Disorder, Magnetic-field, and Magnetic-impurity Tuning -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Experiments -- 14.3 Experimental approach -- 14.4 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Spin Effects Near the Superconductor-Insulator Transition -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The parallel field superconductor-insulator transition -- 15.3 Spin effects in the insulating phase -- 15.4 Summary and zero-temperature phase diagram -- References -- 16 Spectroscopic Imaging STM Studies of Electronic Structure in Both the Superconducting and Pseudogap Phases of Underdoped Cuprates -- 16.1 Introduction to electronic structure of hole-doped cuprates -- 16.2 Spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy -- 16.3 Doping dependence of nanoscale electronic disorder in Bi[sub(2)]Sr[sub(2)]CaCu[sub(2)]O[sub(8+& -- #8734 -- )] -- 16.4 Bogoliubov quasiparticle interference imaging. , 16.5 Low energy excitations in the superconducting phase -- 16.6 Low-energy excitations in the pseudogap phase -- 16.7 Broken spatial symmetries of E~ & -- #916 -- [sub(1)] states in both the dSC and -- 16.8 Overview, conclusions, and future -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Theoretical Studies of Superconductor-Insulator Transitions -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Free fermions in a random potential -- 17.3 Disorder-tuned superconductor-insulator transition -- 17.4 Parallel field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition -- 17.5 Conclusions -- 17.6 Conventions and standard formulas for imaginary-time Green's functions -- 17.7 Derivation of Kubo formulas for electromagnetic response -- 17.8 Electromagnetic response of Anderson model -- 17.9 Variational Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism -- References -- 18 Suppression of Tunneling of Superconducting Vortices Caused by a Remote Gate: Anderson's Orthogonality Catastrophe and Localization -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Anderson's orthogonality catastrophe -- 18.3 Tunneling with dissipative eddy currents -- 18.4 Comparison between the orthogonality catastrophe and tunneling with dissipation -- 18.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. For and Against Robustness -- The No-Miracles Argument for Robustness -- Probabilistic Approaches to Robustness -- Pragmatic Approaches to Robustness -- Epistemic Independence Approaches to Robustness -- Summary -- 2. The Mesosome: A Case of Mistaken Observation -- Introducing the Mesosome: Rasmussen and Culp -- The Mesosome Experiments -- Reliable Process Reasoning -- Rasmussen's Indeterminism -- 3. The WIMP: The Value of Model Independence -- Dark Matter and WIMPs -- DAMA's Model-Independent Approach -- Model-Dependent Approaches to Detecting WIMPS -- An Historical Argument Against Robustness -- Reliable Process Reasoning -- 4. Perrin's Atoms and Molecules -- Perrin's Table -- The Viscosity of Gases -- Brownian Movement: Vertical Distributions in Emulsions -- Brownian Movement: Displacement, Rotation and Diffusion of Brownian Particles -- Taking Stock -- Perrin's Realism about Molecules -- 5. Dark Matter and Dark Energy -- Dark Matter and the Bullet Cluster -- Type Ia Supernovae and Dark Energy -- Defeating Systematic Errors: The Smoking Gun -- Robustness in the Dark Energy Case -- 6. Final Considerations Against Robustness -- Independence and the Core Argument -- The Need for Independence Does Not Equal the Need for Robustness -- The Converse to Robustness Is Normally Resisted -- The Corroborating Witness: Not a Case of Robustness -- No Robustness Found in Mathematics and Logic -- Robustness Fails to Ground Representational Accuracy -- The Sociological Dimension of Robustness -- 7. Robustness and Scientific Realism -- The No-Miracles Argument for Scientific Realism -- In Support of Theoretical Preservationism -- Objections to Theoretical Preservationism -- Realism, the Pessimistic Meta-Induction and Preservationism -- The Improved Standards Response: 'Methodological Preservationism'. , Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Designing successful conservation education and outreach -- 1.1 The need for conservation education and outreach -- 1.2 Designing education and outreach programs -- 1.3 Planning -- 1.3.1 Review the mission -- 1.3.2 Identify goals and objectives -- 1.3.3 Identify target audiences -- 1.3.4 Include audience members and potential partners -- 1.3.5 Make an inventory of resources and constraints -- 1.3.6 Select activities and messages -- 1.4 Implementation -- 1.4.1 Pilot test activities -- 1.4.2 Program operations -- 1.5 Evaluation -- 1.5.1 Designing an evaluation -- 1.5.2 Evaluation objectives -- 1.5.3 Data collection for an evaluation -- 1.6 Summary -- 2. Learning and teaching -- 2.1 What is learning? -- 2.2 Learning and mental activity -- 2.2.1 Brain-based learning -- 2.3 Learning, experience, and reflection -- 2.3.1 Experiential learning cycle -- 2.3.2 Constructivism -- 2.3.3 Inquiry learning -- 2.4 Learning and social interaction -- 2.4.1 Activity theory -- 2.4.2 Social learning -- 2.4.3 Cooperative learning -- 2.5 Focus on thinking skills -- 2.5.1 Bloom's taxonomy -- 2.5.2 Critical thinking -- 2.5.3 Creative thinking -- 2.5.4 Systems thinking -- 2.6 Integrating learning theories -- 2.7 Summary -- 3. Changing conservation behaviors -- 3.1 Defining behavior -- 3.2 Informational needs -- 3.2.1 Theory of planned behavior -- 3.2.2 Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion -- 3.3 Influence of social groups -- 3.3.1 Diffusion of innovation -- 3.4 Self-efficacy -- 3.5 Motivation -- 3.5.1 Self-determination theory -- 3.5.2 Flow of behavior change model -- 3.5.3 Needs and benefits as motives -- 3.6 Conservation program development to influence behavior -- 3.7 Supportive environments are key -- 3.7.1 The reasonable person model -- 3.8 Designing programs to support change -- 3.8.1 The value-belief-norm model. , 3.8.2 Environmental citizenship behavior model -- 3.9 Summary -- 4. Conservation education in schools -- 4.1 Communicating with schools -- 4.1.1 Planning -- 4.1.2 Implementation -- 4.1.3 Evaluation -- 4.2 Acting as a resource for schools -- 4.2.1 Planning -- 4.2.2 Implementation -- 4.2.3 Evaluation -- 4.3 Supporting academic standards -- 4.3.1 Planning -- 4.3.2 Implementation -- 4.3.3 Evaluation -- 4.4 Integrating conservation education into legislation and educational policy -- 4.4.1 Planning -- 4.4.2 Implementation -- 4.4.3 Evaluation -- 4.5 A sample of approaches to conservation education in schools -- 4.6 Environment-based education -- 4.6.1 Planning -- 4.6.2 Implementation -- 4.6.3 Evaluation -- 4.7 Education for sustainability -- 4.7.1 Planning -- 4.7.2 Implementation -- 4.7.3 Evaluation -- 4.8 Summary -- 5. Making conservation come alive -- 5.1 Hands-on activities -- 5.1.1 Planning -- 5.1.2 Implementation -- 5.1.3 Evaluation -- 5.2 Storytelling -- 5.2.1 Planning -- 5.2.2 Implementation -- 5.2.3 Evaluation -- 5.3 Games -- 5.3.1 Planning -- 5.3.2 Implementation -- 5.3.3 Evaluation -- 5.4 Case studies -- 5.4.1 Planning -- 5.4.2 Implementation -- 5.4.3 Evaluation -- 5.5 Role-play -- 5.5.1 Planning -- 5.5.2 Implementation -- 5.5.3 Evaluation -- 5.6 Contests -- 5.6.1 Planning -- 5.6.2 Implementation -- 5.6.3 Evaluation -- 5.7 Field trips -- 5.7.1 Planning -- 5.7.2 Implementation -- 5.7.3 Evaluation -- 5.8 Backcountry skills -- 5.8.1 Planning -- 5.8.2 Implementation -- 5.8.3 Evaluation -- 5.9 Summary -- 6. Using the arts for conservation -- 6.1 Emotion, art, and learning -- 6.2 Visual arts for the protection of natural areas -- 6.2.1 Planning -- 6.2.2 Implementation -- 6.2.3 Evaluation -- 6.3 Art exhibits -- 6.3.1 Planning -- 6.3.2 Implementation -- 6.3.3 Evaluation -- 6.4 Hands-on arts programs -- 6.4.1 Planning -- 6.4.2 Implementation. , 6.4.3 Evaluation -- 6.5 Environmental literature -- 6.6 Keeping an environmental journal -- 6.6.1 Planning -- 6.6.2 Implementation -- 6.6.3 Evaluation -- 6.7 Environmental theater -- 6.7.1 Planning -- 6.7.2 Implementation -- 6.7.3 Evaluation -- 6.8 Music and the environment -- 6.8.1 Singing a conservation message -- 6.8.2 Planning -- 6.8.3 Implementation -- 6.8.4 Evaluation -- 6.9 Summary -- 7. Connecting classes and communities with conservation -- 7.1 Service-learning -- 7.1.1 Planning -- 7.1.2 Implementation -- 7.1.3 Evaluation -- 7.2 Issue investigation -- 7.2.1 Planning -- 7.2.2 Implementation -- 7.2.3 Evaluation -- 7.3 Project-based learning -- 7.3.1 Planning -- 7.3.2 Implementation -- 7.3.3 Evaluation -- 7.4 Public participation in scientific research -- 7.4.1 Planning -- 7.4.2 Implementation -- 7.4.3 Evaluation -- 7.5 Mapping -- 7.5.1 Planning -- 7.5.2 Implementation -- 7.5.3 Evaluation -- 7.6 Summary -- 8. Networking for conservation -- 8.1 Environmental groups and clubs -- 8.1.1 Planning -- 8.1.2 Implementation -- 8.1.3 Evaluation -- 8.2 Workshops and seminars -- 8.2.1 Planning -- 8.2.2 Implementation -- 8.2.3 Evaluation -- 8.3 Public presentations -- 8.3.1 Planning -- 8.3.2 Implementation -- 8.3.3 Evaluation -- 8.4 Information booths -- 8.4.1 Planning -- 8.4.2 Implementation -- 8.4.3 Evaluation -- 8.5 Professional posters -- 8.5.1 Planning -- 8.5.2 Implementation -- 8.5.3 Evaluation -- 8.6 Conferences -- 8.6.1 Planning -- 8.6.2 Implementation -- 8.6.3 Evaluation -- 8.7 Special events -- 8.7.1 Planning -- 8.7.2 Implementation -- 8.7.3 Evaluation -- 8.8 Partnerships -- 8.8.1 Planning -- 8.8.2 Implementation -- 8.8.3 Evaluation -- 8.9 Summary -- 9. Marketing conservation -- 9.1 Planning a social marketing program -- 9.1.1 Selecting a behavior -- 9.1.2 Assessing the audience -- 9.1.3 Communicating opportunities. , 9.1.4 Creating and selecting messages -- 9.1.5 Program implementation -- 9.1.6 Program evaluation -- 9.2 Social marketing tools -- 9.3 Signs, billboards, and posters -- 9.3.1 Planning -- 9.3.2 Implementation -- 9.3.3 Evaluation -- 9.4 Prompts -- 9.4.1 Planning -- 9.4.2 Implementation -- 9.4.3 Evaluation -- 9.5 Feedback -- 9.5.1 Planning -- 9.5.2 Implementation -- 9.5.3 Evaluation -- 9.6 Models -- 9.6.1 Planning -- 9.6.2 Implementation -- 9.6.3 Evaluation -- 9.7 Commitment -- 9.7.1 Planning -- 9.7.2 Implementation -- 9.7.3 Evaluation -- 9.8 Incentives and disincentives -- 9.8.1 Planning -- 9.8.2 Implementation -- 9.8.3 Evaluation -- 9.9 Press interviews -- 9.9.1 Planning -- 9.9.2 Implementation -- 9.9.3 Evaluation -- 9.10 Paid and public advertisements -- 9.10.1 Planning -- 9.10.2 Implementation -- 9.10.3 Evaluation -- 9.11 Summary -- 10. Getting your message out using the written word -- 10.1 Opinion articles -- 10.1.1 Planning -- 10.1.2 Implementation -- 10.1.3 Evaluation -- 10.2 Blog posts -- 10.2.1 Planning -- 10.2.2 Implementation -- 10.2.3 Evaluation -- 10.3 News releases -- 10.3.1 Planning -- 10.3.2 Implementation -- 10.3.3 Evaluation -- 10.4 Brochures -- 10.4.1 Planning -- 10.4.2 Implementation -- 10.4.3 Evaluation -- 10.5 Fact sheets and flyers -- 10.5.1 Planning -- 10.5.2 Implementation -- 10.5.3 Evaluation -- 10.6 Guidebooks -- 10.6.1 Planning -- 10.6.2 Implementation -- 10.6.3 Evaluation -- 10.7 Summary -- 11. Taking advantage of technology -- 11.1 The World Wide Web -- 11.1.1 Planning -- 11.1.2 Implementation -- 11.1.3 Evaluation -- 11.2 Social media -- 11.2.1 Planning -- 11.2.2 Implementation -- 11.2.3 Evaluation -- 11.3 Video -- 11.3.1 Planning -- 11.3.2 Implementation -- 11.3.3 Evaluation -- 11.4 Distance education -- 11.4.1 Online training and resources -- 11.4.2 Internet conferences -- 11.4.3 Planning -- 11.4.4 Implementation. , 11.4.5 Evaluation -- 11.5 Other technologies -- 11.5.1 Computer simulation and modeling -- 11.5.2 Podcasts -- 11.5.3 Apps -- 11.5.4 Geocaching -- 11.5.5 Environmental monitoring -- 11.6 Summary -- 12. Designing on-site activities -- 12.1 Laying the foundation: initial steps for designing on-site programs -- 12.2 Guided walks -- 12.2.1 Planning -- 12.2.2 Implementation -- 12.2.3 Evaluation -- 12.3 Exhibits -- 12.3.1 Planning -- 12.3.2 Implementation -- 12.3.3 Evaluation -- 12.4 Demonstrations -- 12.4.1 Planning -- 12.4.2 Implementation -- 12.4.3 Evaluation -- 12.5 Nature awareness and study -- 12.5.1 Planning -- 12.5.2 Implementation -- 12.5.3 Evaluation -- 12.6 Facility design -- 12.6.1 Planning -- 12.6.2 Implementation -- 12.6.3 Evaluation -- 12.7 Summary -- References -- Index.