Note: Front Cover -- Photon, Beam and Plasma Assisted Processing -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- CONFERENCE ORGANISATION -- SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS AND SPONSORS -- PLENARY LECTURES -- Future Very-large-scale Integration Technology -- The δ Doping Layer: Electronic Properties and Device Perspectives -- High Temperature Superconducting Ceramics -- Part 1: THEORETICAL ASPECTS -- Chapter 1. A THERMAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MELTING OF c- AND a-SILICON UNDER PULSED EXCIMER LASERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The parameters -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN LAYERED STRUCTURES DURING LASER PROCESSING -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Simulation procedure -- 3. Silicon-on-sapphire -- 4. SiO2-covered silicon -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 2: DEPOSITION -- Chapter 3. LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA ENHANCED CVD OF HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE SINGLE CRYSTALLINE AND POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON MATERIALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Plasma enhanced CVD of single crystalline silicon layers at low temperatures -- 3. Plasma enhanced CVD of polycrystalline silicon layers at low temperature, preserving epitaxial information from the substrate -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4. DELTA-TYPE DOPING PROFILES IN SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Growth procedure for delta layers -- 3. Characterization of delta layers -- 4. Device applications -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5. SYNTHESIS OF SILICON CARBIDE POWDERS BY A CW CO2 LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. LOW TEMPERATURE PHOTON-CONTROLLED GROWTH OF THIN FILMS AND MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary. , Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. ArF LASER PHOTOCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON FROM DISILANE: SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES AND COMPARISON WITH THERMAL CVD * -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- References -- Chapter 8. PRECISION SURFACE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND FILM CHARACTERIZATION FOR LICVD OF a-Si:H FROM SiH4 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Chpater 9. PYROLYSIS AND IR LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF SiH4 MOLECULES IN THE PRESENCE OF NON REACTIVE AND REACTIVE ADDITIVES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. PHOTOASSISTED MBE OF CdTe THIN FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. PRECURSORS FOR THIN FILM OXIDES BY PHOTO-MOCVD -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Selection of precursors -- 3. Ultra-violet absorption of organometallic compounds -- 4. ß-Diketonates -- 5. Precursors of oxides -- 6. Aluminium oxide -- 7. Titanium dioxide -- 8. Lead oxide -- 9. Scandium oxide -- 10. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12. CW AND PULSED UV LASER-INDUCED DEPOSITION FROM Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, AND W(CO)6 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 13. LOW TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF CRYSTALLINE SILICON USING EXCIMER LASER IRRADIATION -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Large area oxidation -- 3. Patterned oxidation -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14. DEPOSITION OF HIGH QUALITY SiO2 LAYERS FROM TEOS BY EXCIMER LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiments -- 3. Physical properties of the SiO2 layers -- 4. Electrical properties -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15. EVAPORATION OF SOLIDS BY PULSED LASER IRRADIATION. , 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 16. PULSED LASER ABLATIVE DEPOSITION OF THIN METAL FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 17. GROWTH MODEL FOR MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental setup and results -- 3. A growth model for hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 18. THIN LAYERS OBTAINED BY PLASMA JET DEPOSITION AT LOW PRESSURE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Results -- 3. Diffusion and decomposition of the compounds or elements in the plasma jet -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19. LASER-INDUCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF CHROMIUM FILMS FROM CHROMIUMHEXACARBONYL USING A KrF EXCIMER LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiments -- 3. Model considerations -- 4. Results and discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 20. OXIDE GROWTH ON SILICIDES IN OXYGEN PLASMA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 21. PLASMA NITRIDED OXIDE FILMS AS A THIN GATE DIELECTRIC -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 22. MODELLING OF SILICON NITRIDE DEPOSITION BY 254 nm Hg-PHOTOSENSITIZATION AND 185 nm PHOTOLYSIS OF SiH4/NH3 GAS MIXTURE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Modelling -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 23. INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISM OF C02 LASER DRIVEN PRODUCTION OF ULTRAFINE SINTERABLE (Si3N4 AND SiC) POWDERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 24. EXCIMER LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS FOR Zn DEPOSITION -- 1. Introduction. , 2. UV photolysis of DMZn and DEZN -- 3. Excimer (KrF) induced deposition of Zn from DEZn -- References -- Chapter 25. CHARACTERIZATION OF ION-BEAM-SPUTTERED TUNGSTEN FILMS ON SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 26. AN IN SITU INFRARED STUDY OF THE ROOM TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF SILICON WITH ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR OXYGEN -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Instrumental -- 3. Procedure -- 4. Results and discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 27. LOW TEMPERATURE CRYSTALLISATION OF AMORPHOUS-SILICON FILMS FOR THE FABRICATION OF THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Deposition and thermal annealing of silicon layers -- 3. Transmission electron microscopy study -- 4. As-deposited film -- 5. Low-temperature annealed films -- 6. Effect of deposition parameters on grain size -- 7. PECVD oxides -- 8. Electrical characterisation -- 9. Thin-film transistors -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- Part 3: ETCHING -- Chapter 28. UV LASER ETCHING PROCESSES FOR FILM LAYERS USED IN SILICON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Results and discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 29. MICROWAVE MULTIPOLAR PLASMA FOR ETCHING AND DEPOSITION -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microwave multipolar plasma -- 3. Microwave excitation -- 4. Silicon etching by fluorine -- 5. Silicon homoepitaxy -- References -- Chapter 30. MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE CHEMICALLY PHOTO-ASSISTED ETCHING -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental set-up -- 3. Non-reactive etching -- 4. Chemically assisted etching -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 31. ON THE APPLICATION OF XPS, SSIMS AND QCM TO STUDY THE SURFACE OF A CF4 /O2 PLASMA TREATED POLYCARBONATE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 32. SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE ETCHING BY HALOGENS: FUNDAMENTAL STEPS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Thermal desorption analysis -- 4. Isothermal gas phase analysis -- 5. Auger surface analysis for 300 K adsorption -- 6. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 33. LASER-INDUCED PHOTOETCHING OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 34. SILICON DAMAGE AND RESIDUE OVERLAYER CAUSED BY RIE AND RIBE PROCESSES WITH CHF3 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 35. CW-LASER INDUCED CHEMICAL ETCHING OF THIN SILVER AND MOLYBDENUM FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Experimental results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 36. LASER PHOTOABLATION OF SPIN-ON-GLASS AND POLY(ETHYL CYANOACRYLATE) PHOTORESIST -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials -- 3. Experiment -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 37. CARBONACEOUS OVERLAYER AND NEAR-SURFACE DAMAGE AFTER PURE CF4 REACTIVE ION BEAM ETCHING OF SILICON: EXPOSURE DOSE EFFECTS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Experimental results -- 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 38. FINE STRUCTURING OF MAGNETIC AND HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING CERAMIC OXIDES IN AN HC1 PLASMA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental method -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Computer simulations -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 4: DOPING -- Chapter 39. LASER ASSISTED DIFFUSION IN GaAs FROM THIN EVAPORATED LAYERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical melted depth -- 3. Sample preparation -- 4. Experimental results -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 40. OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN THE PHOTOCHEMICAL DOPING OF Si WITH A PULSED ArF EXCIMER LASER.

Note: Front Cover -- Nonlinear System Analysis -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter I. Linearity and Nonlinearity -- 1. An Example of a Nonlinear System: The Simple Pendulum -- 2. Conservative Oscillators -- 3. Approximate Solutions of the Pendulum Equation -- 4. Exact Solution by Elliptic Integral -- 5. Representation in a Phase Plane -- 6. Nonlinear Oscillator with Damping -- 7. Simple Pendulum with Forcing Function. Resonance -- References -- Chapter II. Self-Oscillatory Systems -- Introduction -- 1. Electronic Oscillators -- 2. Phase-Plane Representation -- 3. Cauchy-Lipschitz Theorem -- 4. Geometric Study of Periodic Solutions -- 5. Analytic Approaches to Periodic Phenomena -- 6. Synchronization of Self-Oscillators -- 7. Subharmonic Response -- References -- Chapter III. Classification of Singularities -- 1. Singular Points -- 2. Distribution of Singular Points in Phase-Plane R2 -- 3. Static and Dynamic Systems -- 4. Extension of the Theory: Sources, Sinks, and Transformation Points -- 5. Transformations of the Vector Field -- 6. Three-Dimensional Singularities -- References -- Chapter IV. Systems with Several Degrees of Freedom -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Example of a Conservative Oscillator -- 3. Nonlinear Oscillations in a Particle Accelerator -- 4. Self-Sustained Oscillators with Two Degrees of Freedom -- 5. Normal Vibrations on Nonlinear Systems -- References -- Chapter V. Equivalent Linearization -- 1. Stating the Problem -- 2. A Model in Classical Optics -- 3. Introduction to the Optimal Linearization Method -- 4. Similarity with Fourier's Method -- 5. Optimal Linear Operator -- 6. Iteration of the Procedure -- 7. The Describing Function -- 8. Additive Property of the Describing Function -- 9. Matrix Calculus in the Analysis of Nonlinear Systems -- References -- Chapter VI. The Describing Function Method. , 1. Equation of Feedback Loops -- 2. Linear and Nonlinear Feedback Loops -- 3. Nyquist's Diagram -- 4. Mikaïlov's Hodograph -- 5. Generalization of Mikaïlov's Hodograph for Nonlinear Systems -- 6. Applications to Autonomous Systems -- 7. Applications to Nonautonomous Systems -- 8. Sensitivity with Respect to Small Changes in Parameters -- 9. Retarded Actions -- 10. Multiple-Input Describing Function -- References -- Chapter VII. Nonlinear Equations with Periodic Coefficients -- Introduction -- 1. Perturbation Method -- 2. Stepwise Method: Application to the Orbital Stability Problem in a Synchrotron -- 3. Hamiltonian Representation -- 4. The Smooth Approximation -- References -- Chapter VIII. System Response to Random Inputs -- 1. Campbell's Theorem -- 2. Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov Method -- 3. Solution of the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov Equation Based on Campbell's Theorem -- References -- Chapter IX. Random Fluctuations of Self-Oscillators -- Introduction -- 1. Berstein's Method -- 2. Blaquiere's Method -- 3. Lerner's Quasi-Linear Method -- 4. Flicker Noise -- 5. Error in Frequency Measurement Using a Finite Time t' -- 6. Application to Masers -- References -- Appendix: Sinusoidal Modes of Electromagnetic Resonators -- 1. Equation for Linear Oscillations -- 2. Nonlinear Oscillations: Single Mode -- 3. Synchronization of Two Modes, Spatially Separated, in the Nonlinear Region -- 4. Synchronization of Two Modes, Nonspatially Separated, in the Nonlinear Region -- Coupling by the Nonlinearity Only -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 - Introduction and terminology -- 1.1 A LITTLE HISTORY -- 1.2 WHAT IS SOUND? -- 1.3 PROPAGATION OF SOUND THROUGH GAS -- 1.4 MEASURABLE ASPECTS OF SOUND -- 1.5 GENERAL -- 1.6 STANDARD INTERNATIONAL (SI) UNITS -- 1.7 PRESSURE AND DENSITY -- 1.8 SPEED AND VELOCITY -- 1.9 IMPEDANCE -- 1.10 INTENSITY, ENERGY DENSITY, AND LEVELS -- Notes -- Chapter 2 - The wave equation and solutions -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 DERIVATION OF THE WAVE EQUATION -- 2.3 GENERAL SOLUTIONS OF THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION -- 2.4 SOLUTION OF WAVE EQUATION FOR AIR IN A TUBE TERMINATED BY AN IMPEDANCE -- 2.5 SOLUTION OF WAVE EQUATION FOR AIR IN A TUBE FILLED WITH ABSORBENT MATERIAL -- 2.6 FREELY TRAVELING PLANE WAVE -- 2.7 FREELY TRAVELING CYLINDRICAL WAVE -- 2.8 FREELY TRAVELING SPHERICAL WAVE -- PART V: SOLUTIONS OF THE HELMHOLTZ WAVE EQUATION IN THREE DIMENSIONS -- 2.9 RECTANGULAR COORDINATES -- 2.10 CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES -- 2.11 SPHERICAL COORDINATES -- Notes -- Chapter 3 - Electro-mechano-acoustical circuits -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MEANINGS OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS -- 3.3 MECHANICAL ELEMENTS -- 3.4 ACOUSTICAL ELEMENTS -- 3.5 ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS -- 3.6 MECHANO-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER -- 3.7 EXAMPLES OF TRANSDUCER CALCULATIONS -- 3.8 CONVERSION FROM ADMITTANCE-TYPE ANALOGIES TO IMPEDANCE-TYPE ANALOGIES -- 3.9 THÉVENIN'S THEOREM -- 3.10 TRANSDUCER IMPEDANCES -- Chapter 4 - Acoustic components -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 ACOUSTIC MASS (INERTANCE) -- 4.3 ACOUSTIC COMPLIANCES -- 4.4 ACOUSTIC RESISTANCES -- 4.5 CAVITY WITH HOLES ON OPPOSITE SIDES-MIXED MASS-COMPLIANCE ELEMENT -- 4.6 Intermediate-sized tube-mixed mass-resistance element [a (in meters) 0.01/ f and a< -- 10/f] [2]. , 4.7 Perforated sheet-mixed mass-resistance element[a (in meters) 0.01/ f and a< -- 10/f] [2] -- 4.8 ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMERS -- 4.9 REFLECTION OF A PLANE WAVE FROM A PLANE -- 4.10 RADIATION FROM A PULSATING SPHERE -- 4.11 RADIATION FROM A MONOPOLE POINT SOURCE (SIMPLE SOURCE) -- 4.12 COMBINATION OF POINT SOURCES IN PHASE -- 4.13 STEERED BEAM-FORMING ARRAY OF POINT SOURCES -- 4.14 DIPOLE POINT SOURCE (DOUBLET) -- 4.15 RADIATION FROM AN OSCILLATING SPHERE -- 4.16 DIRECTIVITY INDEX AND DIRECTIVITY FACTOR -- 4.17 PULSATING SPHERE -- 4.18 OSCILLATING SPHERE -- 4.19 PLANE CIRCULAR PISTON IN INFINITE BAFFLE -- 4.20 PLANE CIRCULAR FREE DISK -- 4.21 PLANE CIRCULAR PISTON RADIATING FROM ONE SIDE ONLY IN FREE SPACE -- 4.22 SOUND IN LOSSY TUBES -- 4.23 WAVE EQUATION FOR AN INFINITE LOSSY TUBE -- Chapter 5 - Microphones -- 5.1 PRESSURE MICROPHONES -- 5.2 PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- 5.3 COMBINATION PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- 5.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC MOVING-COIL MICROPHONE (DYNAMIC MICROPHONE) -- 5.5 ELECTROSTATIC MICROPHONE (CAPACITOR MICROPHONE) -- 5.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC RIBBON MICROPHONES -- 5.7 ELECTRICAL COMBINATION OF PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT TRANSDUCERS -- 5.8. ACOUSTICAL COMBINATION OF PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- 5.9. DUAL-DIAPHRAGM COMBINATION OF PRESSURE AND PRESSURE-GRADIENT MICROPHONES -- Notes -- Chapter 6 - Electrodynamic loudspeakers -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 CONSTRUCTION [2] -- 6.3 ELECTRO-MECHANO-ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT -- 6.4 POWER OUTPUT -- 6.5 THIELE-SMALL PARAMETERS [5] -- 6.6 SOUND PRESSURE PRODUCED AT DISTANCE r -- 6.7 FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CURVES -- 6.8 ELECTRICAL INPUT IMPEDANCE -- 6.9 EFFICIENCY -- 6.10 MEASUREMENT OF THIELE-SMALL PARAMETERS -- 6.11 EXAMPLES OF LOUDSPEAKER CALCULATIONS -- 6.12 MAGNET SIZE -- 6.13 VOICE-COIL DESIGN -- 6.14 DIAPHRAGM BEHAVIOR -- 6.15 DIRECTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS. , 6.16 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM -- 6.17 TRANSIENT RESPONSE -- 6.18 NONLINEARITY [14] -- References -- Chapter 7 - Loudspeaker systems -- 7.1 BRIEF SUMMARY OF COMMON LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS -- 7.2 UNBAFFLED DIRECT-RADIATOR LOUDSPEAKER -- 7.3 INFINITE BAFFLE -- 7.4 FINITE-SIZED FLAT BAFFLE -- 7.5 OPEN-BACK CABINETS -- 7.6 CLOSED-BOX BAFFLE [1,2] -- 7.7 MEASUREMENT OF BAFFLE CONSTANTS -- 7.8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION -- 7.9 ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT -- 7.10 ELECTRO-MECHANO-ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT -- 7.11 RADIATED SOUND -- 7.12 ALIGNMENTS FOR PREDETERMINED FREQUENCY-RESPONSE SHAPES -- 7.13 PORT DIMENSIONS -- 7.14 DIAPHRAGM DISPLACEMENT -- 7.15 ELECTRICAL INPUT IMPEDANCE AND EVALUATION OF QL -- 7.16 PERFORMANCE -- 7.17 CONSTRUCTION AND ADJUSTMENT NOTES -- 7.18 2-PORT NETWORK FOR A BASS-REFLEX ENCLOSURE -- 7.19 TRANSMISSION-LINE ENCLOSURES -- 7.20 CROSSOVER FILTERS -- 7.21 DUAL CONCENTRIC DRIVE UNITS -- Chapter 8 - Cellphone acoustics -- 8.1 LOUDSPEAKER AND MICROPHONE -- 8.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR A CELLPHONE LOUDSPEAKER -- 8.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS -- 8.4 HEAD AND TORSO SIMULATOR -- 8.5 MICROPHONES -- 8.6 MEASUREMENTS FOR TYPE APPROVAL -- References -- Chapter 9 - Horn loudspeakers -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 ELECTRO-MECHANO-ACOUSTICAL CIRCUIT [1] -- 9.3 REFERENCE EFFICIENCY -- 9.4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE -- 9.5 EXAMPLES OF HORN CALCULATIONS -- 9.6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION -- 9.7 POSSIBLE PROFILES [2] -- 9.8 MOUTH SIZE -- 9.9 INFINITE PARABOLIC HORN [11] -- 9.10 INFINITE CONICAL HORN -- 9.11 INFINITE EXPONENTIAL HORN -- 9.12 INFINITE HYPERBOLIC HORN (HYPEX) [12] -- 9.13 FINITE HORNS -- 9.14 BENDS IN HORNS -- 9.15 CROSS-SECTIONAL SHAPES -- 9.16 MATERIALS -- Chapter 10 - Sound in enclosures -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 STATIONARY AND STANDING WAVES -- 10.3 NORMAL MODES AND NORMAL FREQUENCIES -- 10.4 STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT SOUND PRESSURES. , 10.5 EXAMPLES OF RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURES -- 10.6 BASIC MATTERS -- 10.7 THE REVERBERATION EQUATIONS -- 10.8 AIR ABSORPTION -- 10.9 TOTAL STEADY SOUND-PRESSURE LEVEL -- 10.10 OPTIMUM REVERBERATION TIME -- 10.11 SOUND STRENGTH G -- 10.12 EARLY AND REVERBERANT SOUND IN CONCERT HALLS -- 10.13 DISTANCE FOR EQUALITY OF DIRECT AND REVERBERANT SOUND FIELDS -- 10.14 SOUND LEVELS FOR SPEECH AND MUSIC -- References -- Chapter 11 - Room design for loudspeaker listening -- 11.1 CONCERT HALL ACOUSTICS -- 11.2 LISTENING ROOM ACOUSTICS -- References -- Chapter 12 - Radiation and scattering of sound by the boundary value method -- 12.1 RADIATION FROM A PULSATING INFINITE CYLINDER -- 12.2 RADIATION FROM AN INFINITE LINE SOURCE -- 12.3 SCATTERING OF A PLANE WAVE FROM A RIGID SPHERE -- 12.4 SCATTERING FROM A RIGID SPHERE BY A POINT SOURCE -- 12.5 RADIATION FROM A POINT SOURCE ON A SPHERE -- 12.6 RADIATION FROM A SPHERICAL CAP IN A SPHERE -- 12.7 RADIATION FROM A RECTANGULAR CAP IN A SPHERE -- 12.8 RADIATION FROM A PISTON IN A SPHERE -- 12.9 RADIATION FROM AN OSCILLATING CONVEX DOME IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE -- 12.10 RADIATION FROM AN OSCILLATING CONCAVE DOME IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE -- Chapter 13 - Radiation and scattering of sound by the boundary integral method -- 13.1 THE HUYGENS-FRESNEL PRINCIPLE -- 13.2 THE RAYLEIGH INTEGRALS AND GREEN'S FUNCTION -- 13.3 THE KIRCHHOFF-HELMHOLTZ BOUNDARY INTEGRAL -- 13.4 THE GREEN'S FUNCTION IN DIFFERENT COORDINATE SYSTEMS -- 13.5 BOUNDARY INTEGRAL METHOD CASE STUDY: RADIALLY PULSATING CAP IN A RIGID SPHERE -- 13.6 REFLECTION OF A POINT SOURCE FROM A PLANE -- 13.7 RADIATION FROM A RIGID CIRCULAR PISTON IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE -- 13.8 RADIATION FROM A RESILIENT CIRCULAR DISK WITHOUT A BAFFLE [16] -- 13.9 RADIATION FROM A RESILIENT DISK IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [19]. , 13.10 RADIATION FROM A RIGID CIRCULAR PISTON IN A FINITE CIRCULAR OPEN BAFFLE [23, 24] -- 13.11 RADIATION FROM A RIGID CIRCULAR PISTON IN A FINITE CIRCULAR CLOSED BAFFLE [30] (ONE-SIDED RADIATOR) -- 13.12 THE BABINET-BOUWKAMP PRINCIPLE -- 13.13 THE BOUWKAMP IMPEDANCE THEOREM [35] -- 13.14 RADIATION FROM AN INFINITELY LONG OSCILLATING STRIP IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [36,37] -- 13.15 THE FAR-FIELD PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AS A SPATIAL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF THE SOURCE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION -- 13.16 THE BRIDGE PRODUCT THEOREM -- 13.17 RADIATION FROM A RIGID RECTANGULAR PISTON IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [38,39] -- 13.18 MUTUAL RADIATION IMPEDANCE BETWEEN RIGID CIRCULAR PISTONS IN AN INFINITE BAFFLE [40] -- 13.19 NEAR-FIELD ACOUSTICAL HOLOGRAPHY [41] -- 13.20 TIME-REVERSAL -- References -- Chapter 14 - State variable analysis of circuits -- 14.1 A BRIEF HISTORY -- 14.2 WHAT IS STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS? -- 14.3 WHY USE STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS? -- 14.4 WHAT ARE THE RESTRICTIONS? -- 14.5 SOME BASIC CIRCUIT THEORY -- 14.6 GRAPH THEORY -- 14.7 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 1: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT -- 14.8 SOLUTION OF THE WORKED EXAMPLE USING THE FADDEEV-LEVERRIER ALGORITHM [10] -- 14.9 FAR-FIELD ON-AXIS PRESSURE -- 14.10 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 2: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT USING THE NORTON EQUIVALENT SOURCE -- 14.11 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 3: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT USING A TRANSFORMER AND GYRATOR -- 14.12 WORKED EXAMPLE NO. 4: LOUDSPEAKER IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH A BASS-REFLEX PORT USING CONTROLLED SOURCES -- 14.13 GYRATOR COMPRISING TWO CURRENT-CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCES -- References -- Appendix I - Frequency-response shapes for loudspeakers [1] -- References -- Appendix II - Mathematical formulas [1,2] -- References -- Appendix III - Conversion factors -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Solid State Ionics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Symposium Information -- Part I: Applications -- Chapter 1. Development and Status of Sodium Sulfur Batteries -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2 . SECONDARY BATTERIES -- 3. SODIUM BATTERIES WITH BETA-ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE -- 4 . ISSUES OF THE SODIUM SULFUR BATTERY -- 5. STATUS OF THE SODIUM SULFUR BATTERY -- 6· CONCLUSIONS -- 7. REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Oxygen Ion Conductors and Their Technological Applications. -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES -- 3.1. OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN FLUORITE AND FLUORITE RELATED SYSTEMS -- 4. OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN PEROVSKITE AND PEROVSKITE RELATED OXIDES -- 5. MISCELLANEOUS OXYGEN ION CONDUCTORS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 8. REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Solid State Electrochemical Sensors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CONVENTIONAL (TYPE I) SENSORS -- 3. SENSORS BASED ON THE EQUILIBRATION WITH THE IMMOBILE COMPONENT OF SOLID ELECTROLYTES (TYPE II) -- 4. SURFACE MODIFIED ELECTROLYTE SENSORS (TYPE III) -- 5. CROSS SENSITIVITIES -- 6. LIMITING CURRENT SENSORS -- 7. COMBINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC PARAMETERS -- 8. OUTLOOK -- 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- 10. REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. On the behavior of intercalation compounds in solid state batteries -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4, CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Properties of disordered MoS2 as cathode material in lithium electrochemical cells -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgement -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Preferred orientation of layered manganese dioxides prepared via a sol-gel process and its effect on the electrochemical lithium insertion into birnessite -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION. , 2. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGANESE BIRNESSITE DIOXIDE -- 3. ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIUM INSERTION INTO BIRNESSITE -- 4. REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. The application of Na+-β/β"-alumina solid electrolytes for carbon dioxide chemical sensors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgement -- Chapter 8. Cycling performances lithium batteries -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Part II: New Materials -- Chapter 9. OXIDE-ION ELECTROLYTES -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. QUALITY CRITERIA -- 3. STRATEGIES -- 4. OTHER Ba-In OXIDES -- 5. OXIDES BASED ON Bi4V2O11 -- 6. CONCLUSION -- 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- 8. REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Preparation of new Glasses with High Ionic Conductivities -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. C u+ ION CONDUCTING GLASSES -- 3. COMPARISON OF CONDUCTIVITY BETWEEN GLASS AND CRYSTAL -- 4. NEW ROUTE FOR AMORPHOUS SOLIDS WITH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY -- 5. SUMMARY -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. A new Bi compound Sr3BiO55 Synthesis and physical properties investigations -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. New iron substituted nickel oxyhydroxides -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3. GENERAL DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Influence of the O,F distribution on the electrical properties of the Bi1-xPbx O1.5-xFx SolidSolution -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Super-conducting glass in the system Na2O-ZrO2-SiO2-P2O5 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- References. , Chapter 15. Thin film of Ag+ highly conducting glasses -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THIN FILM PREPARATION -- 3. IONIC CONDUCTIVITY -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Part III: Insertion Compounds -- Chapter 16. The Effect of Cobalt on the Chemical and Electro-Chemical Behavior of the Nickel Hydroxide Electrode -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY -- 3. CHEMICAL CYCLING -- 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -- 5. ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR -- 6. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgements -- 7. REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. IN SITU X-RAY ABSORPTION STUDY OF MODIFICATIONS IN V2O5 INDUCED BY THE ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION OF LITHIUM -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental section -- X-ray absorption : data processing -- Results of the ex situ study -- Results of the in situ study -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 18. RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE MANGANESE DIOXIDE BATTERIES, II: IN SITU X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF THE H+/γ-MnO2 (CMD type) SYSTEM. -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTS -- 3. RESULTS -- 4. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 19. DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN AND MOBILE TEMPERATURE-ELECTRIC DOMAIN IN YBa2Cu3O7-x CERAMICS AND ITS ANALOGUES -- 1 . INTRODUCTION -- 2 . EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- 3 . SUMMING UP THE DATA AND MODEL OF TED -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Computer Modelling of Dopant Substitution in YBa2Cu3O7 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SIMULATION METHODS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Optical transport spectroscopy in Li intercalated TiS2 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Optical and electrical properties of tin chalcogenide compounds -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL. , 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Temperature dependence of phonon spectrum of GaSe and InSe single crystals -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Far-infrared studies of the intermediate phases in In2Se3 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE In2Se3 PHASES -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- 4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSION -- 7. REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. Electrical properties of lithium intercalated InSe crystal -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Ionic transport in LixNiPS3 -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgement -- 5. REFERENCES -- Part IV: Transport -- Chapter 27. High conductivity solid electrolytes in the crystalline state at room temperature -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CATION CONDUCTORS -- 3. ANION CONDUCTORS -- 4. SUMMARY -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 28. Defect Processes and Migration Mechanisms in Solid State Ionics -- Abstract -- 1 . INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEFECTS AND FAST ION CONDUCTION -- 3 . DEFECTS AND SUPERCONDUCTING OXIDES -- 4. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29. Photoacoustic study of ionic conductors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PA EXPERIMENTAL SETUP -- 3. INFLUENCE OF FREE IONS HOPPING -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 30. TiO2 doped Na-β"-alumina -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4 . CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 31. Alkali content dependence of the ionic conductivity of oxide glasses -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOLVATION MODEL. , 3. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. Low temperature ion conductivitity of a solid oxide electrolyte: the role of electrode polarization -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. VOLTAGE DROP MEASUREMENTS -- 3. MODEL DESCRIPTION -- 4. IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 33. Wetting Experiments on Al2O3 Surfaces and the Adsorption Model for Heterogeneous Electrolytes -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. SUMMARY -- 6. REFERENCES -- Chapter 34. The effect of the temperature on metallic sodium precipitation in β"- alumina by the sodium immersion -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2 . EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- 3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 4 . CONCLUSIONS -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 35. Lanthanide ions exchanged aluminogallates with β alumina structure -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SYNTHESIS : CRYSTAL GROWTH AND IONIC EXCHANGE -- 3. STRUCTURAL REFINEMENTS -- 4. ESR STUDY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Na-Nd β ALUMINOGALLATE (y = 0.3) -- 5. REFERENCES -- Chapter 36. Hopping conductivity in NiO thin films -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgement -- References: -- Chapter 37. Heat diffusivity measurement in ionic conductors -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- 5. REFERENCES. -- Part V: Structure -- Chapter 38. Silver and Copper Fast-Ion Conductors with Simple Anion Packings: Cation Distributions, Bonding, and Transport Behavior -- Abstract -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE Ag+ AND Cu+ HALIDES AND CHALCOGENIDES -- 3. SINGLE-CRYSTALS, ANHARMONICITY, AND NEUTRONS -- 4. RESULTS FOR BODY-CENTERED CUBIC PHASES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION -- 5. CATION DISTRIBUTIONS EST HCP AND FCC ANION ARRAYS. , 6. WHY SILVER AND COPPER?.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Wind Engineering, Part I -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR WIND ENGINEERING -- THE CONFERENCE -- PROGRAM SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- SESSION 1: Wind Characteristics and Description Introductory Remarks -- CHAPTER 1. REVIEW OF PAPERS FOR SESSION 1 : WIND CHARACTERISTICS AND DESCRIPTION -- LONG-PERIOD WIND STATISTICS -- STRUCTURE OF WINDS OVER SIMPLE TERRAIN -- EFFECTS OF SPECIAL TERRAIN FEATURES -- WIND CHARACTERISTICS IN SPECIAL METEOROLOGICAL SITUATIONS LEADING TO VIOLENT WINDS -- EFFECTS OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES ON LOCAL WIND CHARACTERISTICS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. Extreme wind climate of the United Kingdom* -- INTRODUCTION -- PARENT DATA -- SELECTION OF SITES AND PERIOD FOR ANALYSIS -- ANALYSIS -- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. INTEGRAL LENGTH SCALES IN STRONG WINDS BELOW 20 m -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA PROCESSING -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. POWER SPECTRA OF LONGITUDINAL AND LATERAL WIND SPEED NEAR THE GROUND IN STRONG WINDS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OUTLINE OF THE OBSERVATION -- 3. THEORETICAL EXPRESSIONS -- 4. RESULTS OF ANALYSIS -- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. THE STRUCTURE OF TURBULENCE DURING STRONG WINDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AUTOCORRELATION -- VERTICAL CROSSCORRELATION -- HORIZONTAL CROSSCORRELATION -- POWER SEPECTRUM -- SPECTRUM OF COHERENCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCIES -- CHAPTER 6. TURBULENT PROPERTIES AND SPECTRAL BEHAVIOURS OF OCEAN WINDS OBSERVED AT AN OFF-SHORE TOWER -- ABSTRACT -- NOTATION -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INSTRUMENTATION -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. EXTREME WIND SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION. , PHYSICAL MODEL -- CLIMATOLOGY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. EXTREME WINDS GENERATED FROM SHORT RECORDS IN A TROPICAL CYCLONE-PRONE REGION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PROPOSED MODEL -- MARKOV PROPERTY AND STATIONARY TESTS -- APPLICATION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. OBSERVED EFFECTS OF TOPOGRAPHY ON THE WIND FIELD OF CYCLONE WINIFRED -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WIND SPEEDS APPROACHING THE COAST -- OBSERVED TOPOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES -- REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. DISCUSSION ON SESSION 1 - WIND CHARACTERISTICS AND DESCRIPTION -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY A. FLAGA AND B. WRANA -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY Y. TAMURA AND K. SUDA -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY 6. TETZLAFF AND A.M. HOFF -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY H.W. TIELEMAN -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY R.E. WHITBREAD -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY G. NAITO -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY D. DELAUNAY -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER OF G.R. WALKER, G.F. REARDON AND E.D. JANCAUSKAS -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY R.G.J. FLAY AND D.C. STEVENSON -- SESSION 2: WIND ENVIRONMENT -- CHAPTER 11. WIND ENVIRONMENT: Theme Introduction and Report on Preprint Papers Not Included in Proceedings -- CHAPTER 12. WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY PROFILES IN COMPLEX TERRAIN. CASE OF ALPINE REGIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DIFFICULTIES TO BE OVERCOME AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS -- CASE STUDY : WIND FIELD AT THE SIMPLON PASS -- CONTRIBUTION OF WIND-TUNNEL TESTS TO DETERMINATION OF GUSTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13. SIMPLE APPROXIMATIONS FOR WIND SPEED-UP OVER HILLS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MODIFIED EXPOSURE FACTOR -- CONSTRAINTS OF THE PROPOSED FORMULATION -- BACKGROUND TO THE PROPOSED FORMULATION -- OTHER SIMPLE APPROACHES TO ESTIMATE WIND SPEED-UPS -- COMPARISONS WITH THE PROPOSED FORMULATION -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. , ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. STUDY ON THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL WIND CONDITIONS AT GROUND LEVEL IN A BUILT-UP AREA -- ABSTRACT -- NOTATION -- INTRODUCTION -- ASSESSMENT OF WIND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AT GROUND LEVEL AROUND THE PROPOSED BUILDING SITE -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15. A WIND TUNNEL TEST ON THE BOUNDARY LAYER CHARACTERISTICS ABOVE AN URBAN AREA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION -- 3. RESULTS -- 4. COMPARISON WITH FIELD AND LABORATORY DATA -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCE -- CHAPTER 16. ENVIRONMENTAL WIND CHARACTERISTICS AROUND THE BASE OF A TALL BUILDING - A COMPARISON BETWEEN MODEL TEST AND FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT -- WIND TUNNEL TEST -- COMPARISON OF RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. SEDIMENT-LADEN VELOCITY PROFILES DEVELOPED IN A LONG BOUNDARY-LAYER WIND TUNNEL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS -- RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Discussion of Session 2 - Wind environment -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: T. Maruyama and H. Ishizaki -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: Dr M. Ohba -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: S. Kawamura -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: J. Tsutsumi -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: H. Utsunomiya -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: Dr J.-A. Hertig -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: G. Konig -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: Dr J.E. Cermak -- SESSION 3: FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES -- CHAPTER 19. 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIND ENGINEERING -- THEME INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 20. REVIEW OF INTERFERENCE-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS IN FLOW PAST TWO PARALLEL CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS -- Abstract -- NOMENCLATURE -- INTRODUCTION -- THE INTERFERENCE FLOW REGIMES -- JET-SWITCH MECHANISM -- GAP-FLOW-SWITCH MECHANISM -- WAKE-DISPLACEMENT MECHANISM -- WAKE-GALLOPING MECHANISM. , FINAL COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21. VORTEX SHEDDING FROM TWO CYLINDERS IN TANDEM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF OSCILLATING LIFT ON A RIGID SQUARE SECTION CYLINDER IN A TURBULENT STREAM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23. EFFECT OF END PLATES ON THE FLOW AROUND ROUGH CYLINDERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FLOW AROUND SMOOTH CIRCULAR CYLINDERS -- ROUGHNESS EFFECTS -- EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT AND PROCEDURE -- PRESENTATION OF RESULTS -- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS -- FLOW REGIMES FOR CYLINDERS WITH LARGE ROUGHNESS -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 24. RECONSTRUCTION OF INSTATIONARY WIND LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON STRUCTURES FROM MEASURED STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TIME HISTORIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES AND EQUATIONS -- 3. SOME NUMERICAL EXAMPLES FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EXTERNAL TRANSIENT LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS -- 4. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. DETAILED PRESSURE FIELD MEASUREMENTS FOR SOME 2-0 RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL SET UP -- ANGLE FOR REATTACHMENT -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 26. THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENCE ON BLUFF-BODY MEAN FLOW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- 4. THE EFFECTS OF LARGE-SCALE TURBULENCE -- 5. THE SHEAR-LAYER/EDGE DIRECT INTERACTION IN SMOOTH FLOW -- 6. PROMOTION OF THE SHEAR-LAYER/EDGE DIRECT INTERACTION BY SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE -- 7. THE STRUCTURE OF BLUFF-BODY NEAR WAKE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 27. BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS IN PULSATING FLOW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION. , EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND MODELS -- PRESSURE ON CYLINDER IN PULSATING FLOW -- RELATION BETWEEN VORTEX-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS AND SYNCHRONIZATION IN PULSATING FLOW -- EFFECT OF PULSATING FLOW ON AERODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 28.THE USE OF A FOREBODY PLATE TO REDUCE THE DRAG AND TO IMPROVE THE AERODYNAMIC STABILITY OF A CYLINDER OF SQUARE CROSS-SECTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TANDEM BODY AERODYNAMICS -- TEST OUTLINE -- TEST RESULTS -- EFFECT ON VORTEX SHEDDING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 29. STABILITY OF WIND-LOADED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHOD OF ANALYSES -- NUMERICAL RESULTS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 30. THE SEPARATED SHEAR LAYERS ASSOCIATED WITH HEMISPHERICAL BODIES IN TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DETAILS OF EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 31. ON A MECHANISM OF VORTEX EXCITED OSCILLATIONS OF A CYLINDER -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE OSCILLATOR MODEL -- SMALL DISTURBANCES AND THE "EIGENVALUE" PROBLEM -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. Discussion of Session 3: Fundamental Studies -- Murakami et al -- Tamura -- Albrecht et al -- Namiranian and Gartshore -- Sant Ana et al -- Nakamura et al -- Cooper -- Kapania -- Berger -- SESSION 4: HIGH RISE BUILDINGS -- CHAPTER 33. AEROELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF TALL BUILDINGS IN WAKES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS -- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- ANALYSIS OF RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 34. STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO WIND WITH SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DESCRIPTION OF FOUNDATION FLEXIBILITY -- GOVERNING EQUATIONS -- EFFECT OF FOUNDATION FLEXIBILITY ON MODAL PROPERTIES -- RESPONSE TO GUSTING WIND -- RESPONSE TO VORTEX SHEDDING. , CONCLUSIONS.

Note: Front Cover -- Limit Analysis in Soil Mechanics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 A short historical review of soil plasticity -- 1.3 Idealized stress-strain relations for soil -- 1.4 Limit analysis for collapse load -- 1.5 Finite-element analysis for progressive failure behavior of soil mass -- Chapter 2. BASIC CONCEPTS OF LIMIT ANALYSIS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Index notation -- 2.3 The perfectly plastic assumption and yield criterion -- 2.4 The kinematic assumption on soil deformations and flow rule -- 2.5 The stability postulate of Drucker -- 2.6 Restrictions imposed by Drucker's stability postulate - convexity and normality -- 2.7 The assumption of small change in geometry and the equation of virual work -- 2.8 Theorems of limit analysis -- 2.9 Limit theorems for materials with non-associated flow rules -- 2.10 The upper-bound method -- 2.11 The lower-bound method -- References -- Chapter 3. VALIDITY OF LIMIT ANALYSIS IN APPLICATION TO SOILS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Soil - a multiphase material -- 3.3 Mechanical behaviour of soils -- 3.4 Soil failure surfaces -- 3.5 Validity of limit analysis in application to soils -- 3.6 Friction-dalatation and related energy in cohesionless soils -- 3.7 Effect of friction on the applicability of limit analysis to soils -- 3.8 Some aspects of retaining wall problems and the associated phenomena at failure -- References -- Chapter 4. LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE PROBLEMS -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Failure mechanism -- 4.3 Energy dissipation -- 4.4 Passive earth pressure analysis -- 4.5 Active earth pressure analysis -- 4.6 Comparisons and discussions -- 4.7 Some practical aspects -- References -- Chapter 5. RIGID RETAINING WALLS SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE FORCES -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General considerations. , 5.3 Seismic passive earth pressure analysis -- 5.4 Seismic active earth pressure analysis -- 5.5 Numerical results and discussions -- 5.6 Earth pressure tables for practical use -- References -- Appendix A: Seismic earth pressure tables for KA and KP -- Appendix B: Earth pressure tables for NAc and NPc -- Chapter 6. SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN OF RIGID RETAINING STRUCTURES -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theoretical considerations of the modified Dubrova method -- 6.3 Some numerical results and discussions of the modified Dubrova method -- 6.4 Evaluation of the modified Dubrova method -- 6.5 Effects of wall movement on lateral earth pressures -- 6.6 Earth pressure theories for design applications in seismic environments -- 6.7 Design recommendations -- References -- Chapter 7. BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP FOOTING ON ANISOTROPIC AND NONHOMOGENEOUS SOILS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Analysis -- 7.3 Results and discussions -- References -- Chapter 8. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SLOPE FAILURE AND LANDSLIDES -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Failure surface -- 8.3 Determination of the critical height for seismic stability -- 8.4 Special spiral-slope configurations -- 8.5 Calculated results and discussions -- 8.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 9. SEISMIC STABILITY OF SLOPES IN NONHOMOGENEOUS, ANISOTROPIC SOILS AND GENERAL DISCUSSIONS -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Log-spiral failure mechanism for a nonhomogeneous and anisotropic slope -- 9.3 Numerical results and discussions -- 9.4 Mechanics of earthquake-induced slope failure -- References -- Chapter 10. ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC DISPLACEMENT OF SLOPES -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Failure mechanisms and yield acceleration -- 10.3 Assessment of seismic displacement of slopes -- 10.4 Summary -- References -- Appendix 1: Plane failure surface -- Appendix 2: Logspiral failure surface. , Appendix 3: Limit analysis during earthquake -- Chapter 11. STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SLOPES WITH GENERALIZED FAILURE CRITERION -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Variational approach in limit analysis and the combined method -- 11.3 Stability analysis of slopes -- 11.4 Layered analysis of embankments -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- Subject index -- Author index.

Note: Front Cover -- Windbreak Technology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Dedication -- Keynote address -- Shelter: Its Management and Promotion -- CONSTRAINTS TO SHELTER ADOPTION -- SHELTER FUNCTIONS -- EXTENSION AND PROMOTION -- SOME RESEARCH NEEDS -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 1: WINDBREAK BASICS -- Chapter 1. Effects of Windbreaks on Turbulent Transport and Microclimate -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SIMILARITY AND SCALING -- TURBULENCE PATTERNS NEAR WINDBREAKS -- TRANSPORT OF SCALARS -- C02 CONCENTRATION -- HUMIDITY -- TEMPERATURE -- SATURATION DEFICIT AND EVAPORATION -- SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX -- NET RADIATION AND GROUND HEAT FLUX -- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Effects of Windbreak Structure on Wind Flow -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CHARACTERIZING WINDBREAK STRUCTURE -- INFLUENCE OF WINDBREAK STRUCTURE ON AVERAGE WINDSPEED -- INFLUENCE OF WINDBREAK STRUCTURE ON TURBULENCE -- INFLUENCE OF APPROACH WIND CHARACTERISTICS -- NETWORKS OF WINDBREAKS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR WINDBREAK DESIGN -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- LIST OF SYMBOLS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Plant Response to Wind -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HEAT TRANSFER AND SURFACE TEMPERATURE -- PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO PLANT SURFACES -- WIND AND WATER RELATIONS -- MORPHOGENETIC RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL STIMULI -- PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GROWTH -- INTERACTION WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 2: WIND EROSION -- Chapter 4. Basic Wind Erosion Processes -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MEAN WINDS -- PARTICLE DYNAMICS -- THRESHOLD CONDITIONS -- PARTICLE FLOW RATES -- PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL STRATEGIES OF CONTROL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Basic Principles of Wind Erosion Control -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REDUCE FIELD WIDTHS BY ESTABLISHING BARRIERS OR STRIP CROPPING. , ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN VEGETATION OR VEGETATIVE RESIDUES TO PROTECT THE SOIL -- MAINTAIN STABLE AGGREGATES OR CLODS ON THE SOIL SURFACE -- ROUGHEN THE LAND SURFACE -- RESHAPE THE LAND TO REDUCE EROSION ON KNOLLS WHERE CONVERGING WIND FLOW CAUSES INCREASED VELOCITY AND SHEAR STRESS -- OTHER WIND EROSION SITUATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Design and Use of Field Windbreaks in Wind Erosion Control Systems -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 3: NON-WOODY WINDBREAKS -- Chapter 7. The Use of Perennial Herbaceous Barriers for Water Conservation and the Protection of Soils and Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8· Annual Herbaceous Windbarriers for Protecting Crops and Soils and Managing Snowfall -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WINDBARRIER EFFECTS -- CROP PROTECTION -- CROP YIELD -- SOIL PROTECTION -- SNOW MANAGEMENT -- WINDBARRIER EFFECTIVENESS -- DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 4: CROP RESPONSE TO WINDBREAKS -- Chapter 9· Benefits of Windbreaks to Field and Forage Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FACTORS OF SHELTERBELT EFFECTS ON CROP YIELDS -- VARIABILITY OF SHELTERBELT EFFECTS ON CROP YIELDS -- ECONOMIC VALUE OF SHELTERBELTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. The Influence of Field Windbreaks on Vegetable and Specialty Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CROP QUALITY AND WINDBREAK PROTECTION -- CROP YIELD AND WIND PROTECTION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Windbreaks: Benefits to Orchard and Vineyard Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HUMIDITY -- TEMPERATURE -- AIR MOVEMENT -- PESTS AND DISEASES -- IMPROVED TREE AND FRUIT QUALITY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Field Windbreaks: Design Criteria -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD WINDBREAKS. , SPECIFIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD WINDBREAKS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 5: LIVESTOCK AND WINDBREAKS -- Chapter 13. Layout and Design Criteria for Livestock Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DESIGN CRITERIA -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 6: WINDBREAKS AND ENERGY -- Chapter 14. Use of Windbreaks for Home Energy Conservation -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AIR EXCHANGE IN HOMES -- WINDBREAK EFFECTS ON AIR EXCHANGE -- WINDBREAK EFFECTS ON OTHER HOME HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESSES -- WINDBREAK EFFECTS ON ENERGY NEEDS FOR HOME HEATING -- WINDBREAKS AND HOME COOLING ENERGY NEEDS -- GUIDELINES FOR USING WINDBREAKS TO CONSERVE HOME HEATING ENERGY -- ECONOMICS OF WINDBREAK USE TO CONSERVE ENERGY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Farmstead Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BENEFITS OF FARMSTEAD WINDBREAKS -- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR FARMSTEAD WINDBREAKS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Functions of Buffer Plantings in Urban Environments -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BUFFER PLANTINGS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT -- CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFER PLANTINGS -- PRESERVATION AND PLANTING OF BUFFERS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 7: WINDBREAKS AND WILDLIFE -- Chapter 17. Influences of Shelterbelts on Wildlife Management and Biology -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REPRODUCTIVE HABITAT -- FOOD AVAILABILITY AND DIVERSITY -- SHELTERBELTS AS TRAVEL LANES OR CORRIDORS -- SHELTER FROM PREDATION -- SHELTER FROM WEATHER -- HOW WIND AFFECTS ANIMALS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF SHELTERBELTS THAT RELATE TO WILDLIFE USE -- ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Design of Windbreaks for Windlife in the Great Plains of North America. -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 8: WINDBREAKS , SNOW AND WATER USE. , Chapter 19. The Design and Use of Living Snow Fences in North America -- ABSTRACT -- DEFINITION -- HISTORY -- ADVANTAGES -- DISADVANTAGES -- ECONOMICS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUCED DRIFTS -- SPECIES SELECTION -- NUMBER OF ROWS -- SPACING -- WILDLIFE COMPONENTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Snow Distribution on Crop Fields -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EFFECT OF FIELD BARRIERS ON SNOW-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS -- FACTORS INFLUENCING SNOW-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS -- DESIGNING A SERIES OF SINGLE-ROW FIELD WINDBREAKS -- MANAGEMENT OF SINGLE-ROW FIELD WINDBREAKS - PRUNING AND THINNING -- SELECTING TREE SPECIES FOR SINGLE-ROW FIELD WINDBREAKS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Crop Water Use and Water Conservation Benefits from Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CROP YIELD RESPONSE TO WATER -- A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF WINDBREAKS ON MOISTURE CONSERVATION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Effects of Shelter on Plant Water Use -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 9: WINDBREAK PLANTING AND ESTABLISHMENT -- Chapter 23. Planting and Establishment of Windbreaks in Arid Areas -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WINDBREAK ESTABLISHMENT -- SPECIES SELECTION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Shelterbelt Plantings in Semi-arid Areas -- ABSTRACT -- THE SEMI-ARID LANDS OF THE WORLD -- SOILS AND SPECIFIC SOIL PROBLEMS -- PLANTING AND ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES -- DESIGN OF SHELTERBELTS -- SHELTERBELT LAYOUT AND FARM ECONOMICS -- SPECIES FOR SHELTERBELT PLANTINGS IN SEMI-ARID AREAS -- FARM SHELTER - WITHOUT PLANTING -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. Planting and Establishment of Shelterbelts in Humid Severe-Winter Regions -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PLANTING STOCK -- SITE PREPARATION -- PLANTING -- WEED CONTROL -- IRRIGATION -- SHELTERBELT PROTECTION -- SURVIVAL AND REPLACEMENTS -- CONCLUSION. , REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Plantings in Tropical and Subtropical Areas -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL REGIONS -- WINDBREAKS -- SHADE -- SOIL EROSION -- AGROFORESTRY -- SPECIES AND ESTABLISHMENT -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 27. Genetic Improvement of Trees and Shrubs Used in Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TRAITS OF IMPORTANCE TO WINDBREAKS -- TREE IMPROVEMENT METHODS FOR WINDBREAK SPECIES -- THE FUTURE -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 10: WINDBREAK MANAGEMENT -- Chapter 28. Disease Management in Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- NURSERY DISEASES -- ROOT DISEASES -- STEM DISEASES -- FOLIAGE AND TWIG DISEASES -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29. Insect Management in Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LITERATURE REVIEW -- ECONOMIC VALUE OF INSECT DAMAGE -- COMMON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 30. Influence of Wind and Windbreaks on Local Dispersal of Insects -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- INSECT MOVEMENT IN RELATION TO AIR MOVEMENT -- INFLUENCE OF WINDBREAKS ON INSECT DISTRIBUTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- EDITOR'S NOTE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 31. Vertebrate Pest Management in Windbreak Systems -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPICAL VERTEBRATE DAMAGE -- DAMAGE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY -- DAMAGE CONTROL METHODS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. Windbreak renovation in the American Great Plains -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LITERATURE REVIEW -- SILVICULTURAL TECHNIQUES -- RENOVATION ECONOMICS -- LONG-RANGE MANAGEMENT PLAN -- GENERAL RENOVATION GUIDELINES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 33. Agroforestry and Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WINDBREAKS AND AGROFORESTRY -- CULTURE AND STRUCTURE -- TWO-STORY AGRICULTURE -- NEEDS FOR RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION -- CONCLUSIONS. , REFERENCES.

Note: Front Cover -- Introduction to Solid State Electronics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface to the second edition -- Chapter 1. Electrons as particles -- 1.1 Resistivity and conductivity -- 1.2 Temperature dependence of resistivity -- 1.3 Current and current density -- 1.4 Equation of continuity -- 1.5 Electric field and potential -- 1.6 Electron in electric and magnetic fields -- Problems to chapter 1 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2. Electrons as waves -- 2.1 Wave-particle duality -- 2.2 Uncertainty principle -- 2.3 Plane wave and wave packets -- 2.4 Energy quantization -- Problems to chapter 2 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3. Probability and distribution functions -- 3.1 Probability -- 3.2 Distribution functions -- 3.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics -- 3.4 Bose-Einstein statistics -- 3.5 Fermi-Dirac statistics -- Problems to chapter 3 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4. Electron lifetime, mobility -- 4.1 Electron lifetime -- 4.2 Boltzmann transport equation -- 4.3 Conductivity and mobility -- 4.4 Measurement of resistivity -- 4.5 Hall effect and magnetoresistance -- Problems to chapter 4 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5. Wave mechanics -- 5.1 Wave representation -- 5.2 Schrödinger's equation -- 5.3 Effect of a potential jump -- 5.4 Particle in a box - infinite potential well -- 5.5 Particle in a potential well - finite potential barrier -- 5.6 Tunnelling through potential energy barriers -- 5.7 Harmonic oscillator -- 5.8 The one-electron atom -- 5.9 The periodic table of the elements -- Problems to chapter 5 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6. Periodic lattice -- 6.1 Direct lattice -- 6.2 Fourier series -- 6.3 Reciprocal lattice -- 6.4 Diffraction condition -- Problems to chapter 6 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7. Electrons in the lattice -- 7.1 Bloch theorem -- 7.2 Electron waves in a periodic potential -- 7.3 Band gap -- 7.4 Kronig-Penney model. , 7.5 Velocity of the Bloch electron -- 7.6 Effective mass -- 7.7 Number of states in a band -- 7.8 Hole -- Problems to chapter 7 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8. Energy bands in crystals -- 8.1 Energy bands -- 8.2 Metals, insulators, and semiconductors -- 8.3 Density of states -- 8.4 Brillouin zones -- Problems to chapter 8 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9. Carrier concentrations -- 9.1 Density of electrons in the conduction band - classical approximation -- 9.2 Fermi-Dirac integral -- 9.3 Density of electrons in the conduction band - degenerate approximation -- 9.4 Density of holes in the valence band -- 9.5 Intrinsic semiconductor -- Problems to chapter 9 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10. Extrinsic semiconductors -- 10.1 Impurity states -- 10.2 Types of defect -- 10.3 Statistics of ionization equilibria -- 10.4 Law of mass action -- 10.5 Compensation -- Problems to chapter 10 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11. Lattice waves -- 11.1 Linear monatomic lattice -- 11.2 Linear diatomic lattice -- 11.3 Phonon -- 11.4 Lattice heat capacity -- 11.5 Lattice thermal conductivity -- Problems to chapter 11 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12. Mobility and conductivity -- 12.1 Impurity scattering -- 12.2 Phonon scattering -- 12.3 Mobility -- Problems to chapter 12 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13. Ambipolar transport -- 13.1 Diffusion current -- 13.2 Direct recombination -- 13.3 Recombination centers and traps -- 13.4 Ambipolar transport -- 13.5 Haynes-Shockley experiment -- 13.6 Photoconductivity -- Problems to chapter 13 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 14. The p-n junction -- 14.1 Transition region -- 14.2 Potential distribution in the transition region -- 14.3 The p-n junction -- 14.4 Simplified model for p-n junction -- 14.5 Depletion approximation -- Problems to chapter 14 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 15. Semiconductor surfaces -- 15.1 Surfaces -- 15.2 Surface states. , 15.3 The space-charge region -- 15.4 Surface excess of carriers -- 15.5 Metal-semiconductor contacts -- 15.6 Metal-insulator-semiconductor structure -- Problems to chapter 15 -- Bibliography -- List of symbols -- References -- Appendix I. Physical Constants -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Turbulence and Molecular Processes in Combustion -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Summary Comments -- Organizing Committee of the Sixth Toyota Conference -- Toyota Conferences -- Part I: "Turbulent Combustion: Theory and Modelling -- Chapter 1. Advancesin Modeling of Turbulent Combustion -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Classification of Approaches -- 3. Regimes of Turbulent Combustion -- 4. Matching Approaches to Regimes -- 5. Premixed Flames in Reaction-Sheet Regimes -- 6. Conditioning Related to Presumed Probability-Density Functions -- 7. Subgrid Closure in Large-Eddy Simulation -- 8. Conclusions -- 9. Summary -- 10. References -- Chapter 2. Theory and Modelling of Premixed Turbulent Combustion -- References -- Chapter 3. Molecular and Turbulent Transports Competing in Premixed Flames -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reynolds-Average Equations: An Alternative Form -- 3. Equations Governing Fluctuation Corrections -- 4. Results and Discussions -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. References -- Chapter 4. PDF/Monte Carlo Methods for Turbulent Combustion and Their Implementation on Parallel Computers -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. PDF/Monte Carlo Methods -- 3. Parallel Processing in PDF/Monte Carlo Methods -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part II: "Elementary Reactionsi -- Chapter 5. Rationalizing Rate Data of Elementary Dissociation and Recombination Reactions in Combustion -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reduced Falloff Curves for Dissociation and Recombination Reactions -- 3. Limiting Low Pressure Rate Constants for Dissociation and Recombination -- 4. Limiting High Pressure Rate Constants for Dissociation and Recombination -- 5. An Example: The CH4 Dissociation and Recombination Reaction -- 6. References. , Chapter 6. Reaction Rates of Atomic Oxygen (3P) with a Series of Alkanes at High Temperatures -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Overall Rate Constants for the Reactions of O(3P)+RH -- 3. Discussion -- 4. References -- Chapter 7. Reactions of CH2 and CH with N2 and CH with NO -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Calculations -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Elementary Reactions II -- Chapter 8. Thermal Dissociation Studies of Toluene at High Temperatures -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Techniques -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary -- 6. References -- Chapter 9. Kinetics of the Oxidation of SiH3 Radicals -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Systems -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10. High Temperature Oxidation of Soot Particles by O, OH, and NO -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Data Reduction and Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- 6. Acknowledgement -- 7. References -- Chapter 11. Rate Constants of Several Free Radical Reactions Measured by a Photoionization Mass Spectrometer -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Reference -- Part IV: "Kinetics and Modelling -- Chapter 12. Detailed Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Combustion and Its Coupling with Flow Processes -- Abstract -- 1. Combustion Phenomena and Their Modeling and Simulation -- 2. Gas Phase Reaction Mechanisms and Their Validation -- 3. Automatic Generation and Reduction of Reaction Mechanisms -- 4. Coupling of Flow and Detailed Chemistry: Ignition Processes -- 5. Literature -- Chapter 13. Acceleration of Combustion and Related Reactions by Addition of Reactive Species -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Treatment of Addition of Radical Species. , 3. Ignition Delay Times Under Two Different Kinds of Energy Addition -- 4. Effect of Addition of Radical Species -- 5. Laser Induced Ignition of Premixed Methanol/Air -- 6. Addition of Unstable Species as Precursors of Radicals -- 7. Reduction of No in the Presence of NH3 by Using Laser Irradiation -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- 9. References -- Chapter 14. Pulsed Jet Ignition Modeling with a Full Chemistry -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Governing Equations -- 3. Numerical Methods -- 4. Transport Properties and Chemical Kinetic Model -- 5. Results and Discussions -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- Chapter 15. Laser Measurement of Chemically Reactive Intermediates in Combustion -- Abstract -- Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Combustion -- Prompt No Formation in Methane/Air Flames -- Spectroscopic Studies for Lif Diagnostics -- Collisional Quenching in Flame Lif -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 16. Adeficiency in a Current Kinetic Modelling of Autoignition in Swirl Flow -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Method -- 3. Numerical Method -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17. Role of Some Specific Elementary Processes on Combustion Phenomena -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method and Experimental -- 3. Discussion of Flame Systems -- 4. Role of Specific Steps -- 5. Acknowledgements -- 6. References -- Part V: Turbulent Combustion: Experiment and Modelling -- Chapter 18. Conditional Moment Closure Modelling and Advanced Laser Measurements -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. CMC Methods for Nonpremixed Systems -- 3. Discussion -- 4. Premixed Systems -- 5. Advanced Laser Measurements -- 6. Conclusion -- 7. References -- Chapter 19. High-Resolution Measurements of Molecular Transport and Reaction Processes in Turbulent Combustion -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Measurements -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 20. Measurement and Computation of Differential Molecular Diffusion in a Turbulent Jet -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental Method -- Measured Differential Diffusion -- Modeling Approach -- Comparisons and Implications -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 21. Intrinsic Transport and Chemistry Coupling in Combustion Phenomena -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Unified Chain-Thermal Interpretation of Flammability Limits -- 3. Counterflow Hydrogen jet Ignition -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- 5. References -- Chapter 22. Experimental Study on the Extinction of a Wrinkled Laminar Flame Formed in a stagnation Point Flow -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Setup and Procedure -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 23. Effect of Turbulence on NOx Formation in Premixed Turbulent Flames -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Apparatus -- 3. Experimental Results -- 4. Conclusions -- 5. Acknowledgements -- 6. References -- Part VI: "Turbulent Combustion: Modelling and Simulation -- Chapter 24. Premixed Turbulent Combustion in a Counterflow Geometry -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nonreactive Turbulent Counterflows -- 3. Reactive Turbulent Counterflows -- 4. Prediction of Extinction -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- Appendix: Values of Karlovitz Number and Mean Rate CoeffiCient at Extinction -- References -- Chapter 25. Prediction of NOx Emission Index of Turbulent Diffusion Flame -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Emission Index of Counterflow Diffusion Flame -- 3. Distribution of Scalar Dissipation Rate in Turbulent Diffusion Flame -- 4. Comparison with Experiment and Discussions -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 26. Effects of Preferential Diffusion of Heat and Species in Diffusion Flames -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formulation -- 3. Reaction Scheme and Rate Constant -- 4. Numerical Procedure and Conditions -- 5. Results and Discussion -- 6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 27. 3-Dimensional Vortex Structures and Their Dynamics in Several Chemically-Nonreacting/Reacting Turbulent Flowfields -- Abstract -- 1. Vortex Reconneetion -- 2. Temporally-Developing Jet -- 3. LES Simulation of Reacting Mixing Layer -- 4. References -- Chapter 28. Flow Simulation on Supercomputers and Its Visualization -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dawn of Computational Fluid Dynamics -- 3. Difficulty of Flow Simulation -- 4. Coordinate System for Computation -- 5. Computer Requirements -- 6. History of Supercomputers -- 7. Need of Visualization System -- 8. Conclusion -- 9. References.