Note: Risk Analysis of Water Pollution -- Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- 1 Water Resources: Quantity and Quality -- 1.1 Water Pollution and Risk Analysis -- 1.1.1 A Systemic View of Water Resources -- 1.1.1.1 Examples of Application -- 1.1.2 The New Paradigm of Water Quality -- 1.1.2.1 Human Well-being and Health -- 1.1.2.2 Ecological Impacts and Biodiversity -- 1.1.2.3 Fishing and Oyster Farming -- 1.1.2.4 Tourism -- 1.1.2.5 Algal and Chlorophyllic Photosynthesis -- 1.1.2.6 Zooplankton Growth -- 1.1.2.7 Bacteria -- 1.1.3 Integrated Water Resources Management -- 1.2 Water Pollution in Transboundary Regions -- 1.2.1 The UNECE Convention (Helsinki, 1992) -- 1.3 The EU Water Framework Directive -- 1.4 Uncertainties in Water Resources Management -- 1.5 Environmental Risk Assessment and Management -- 1.6 Aim and Organisation of the Book -- 1.7 Questions and Problems - Chapter 1 -- 2 Risk Identification -- 2.1 Definition of Risk -- 2.2 Typology of Risks and the Precautionary Principle -- 2.2.1 Unacceptable versus Acceptable Risks -- 2.2.2 Controllable versus Uncontrollable Risks -- 2.2.3 Gradual versus Sudden Risks -- 2.2.4 The Precautionary Principle -- 2.3 Uncertainties in Water Pollution Problems -- 2.3.1 Aleatory Uncertainties or Randomness -- 2.3.2 Epistemic or Man-induced Uncertainties -- 2.4 Water Quality Specifications -- 2.4.1 Water Quality Standards -- 2.4.2 Effluent Standards -- 2.5 Probabilistic Risk and Reliability -- 2.6 Fuzzy Risk and Reliability -- 2.7 Questions and Problems - Chapter 2 -- 3 Risk Quantification -- 3.1 Stochastic Approach -- 3.1.1 Direct Evaluation -- 3.1.1.1 Margin of Safety -- 3.1.1.2 The Safety Factor -- 3.1.2 Second-Moment Formulation -- 3.1.3 Frequency Analysis of Data -- 3.1.3.1 Probability Distribution of Extremes -- 3.1.3.2 Analysis of Frequency. , 3.1.4 Stochastic Modelling -- 3.1.4.1 Deterministic Modelling -- 3.1.4.2 Stochastic Modelling -- 3.1.5 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 3.2 Fuzzy Set Theory -- 3.2.1 Fuzzy Regression -- 3.2.1.1 Fuzzy Regression as an Extension of Interval Analysis -- 3.2.1.2 Statistical Regression -- 3.2.1.3 Interval Regression -- 3.2.1.4 Fuzzy Regression -- 3.2.2 Fuzzy Modelling -- 3.3 Time Dependence and System Risk -- 3.3.1 Failure and Reliability Functions -- 3.3.2 Failure Rate and Hazard Function -- 3.3.3 Expected Life -- 3.3.4 System Risk and Reliability -- 3.3.4.1 Series Systems -- 3.3.4.2 Parallel Systems -- 3.4 Questions and Problems - Chapter 3 -- 4 Risk Assessment of Environmental Water Quality -- 4.1 Risk in Coastal Water Pollution -- 4.1.1 Uncertainties in Coastal Water Quality Processes -- 4.1.2 Mathematical Modelling -- 4.1.2.1 Molecular Diffusion -- 4.1.2.2 Turbulent Diffusion -- 4.1.2.3 Turbulent Dispersion -- 4.1.2.4 Growth Kinetics -- 4.1.2.5 Coastal Circulation -- 4.1.3 Random Walk Simulation -- 4.1.4 Dispersion by Wind-generated Currents -- 4.2 Risk in River Water Quality -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Mathematical Modelling and Simulation -- 4.2.2.1 Physically Based Mathematical Models -- 4.2.2.2 Numerical Simulation -- 4.2.3 Time Series of Water Quality Data -- 4.2.4 Risk Assessment -- 4.3 Risk in Groundwater Contamination -- 4.3.1 Importance of Groundwater Resources -- 4.3.1.1 Groundwater in the Hydrological Cycle -- 4.3.1.2 Steps in Groundwater Development -- 4.3.2 Properties and Field Investigation of Groundwater Systems -- 4.3.2.1 Water in Geological Formations -- 4.3.2.2 Space and Time Scales -- 4.3.3 Aquifer Hydraulic Properties -- 4.3.3.1 Scale Effects -- 4.3.3.2 Measurements and Field Investigations -- 4.3.4 Conceptual and Mathematical Models -- 4.3.4.1 Conceptual Models and Flow Equations -- 4.3.4.2 Analytical Solutions. , 4.3.5 Spatial Variability and Stochastic Modelling -- 4.3.5.1 Uncertainties in Aquifer Contamination Studies -- 4.3.5.2 Stochastic Description -- 4.3.6 Risk Assessment of Groundwater Pollution -- 4.3.6.1 Immiscible Fluids -- 4.3.6.2 Solute Transport and Random Walks -- 4.4 Questions and Problems - Chapter 4 -- 5 Risk Management -- 5.1 Performance Indices and Figures of Merit -- 5.2 Objective Functions and Optimisation -- 5.2.1 Economic Optimisation under Certainty and under Risk -- 5.2.2 Optimisation Methods -- 5.2.2.1 Mathematical Programming -- 5.2.3 Discontinuous Decision Problems -- 5.3 Basic Decision Theory -- 5.3.1 Main Elements of Decision Making -- 5.3.1.1 Decision under Certainty -- 5.3.1.2 Decision under Risk -- 5.3.1.3 Decision under Uncertainty or Imprecision -- 5.3.1.4 Decision under Conflict -- 5.3.2 Decision Criteria -- 5.3.2.1 Decision Making under Uncertainty -- 5.3.2.2 Decision Making under Risk -- 5.3.3 Baye's Analysis and Value of Information -- 5.3.3.1 Perfect Information -- 5.3.3.2 Imperfect Information -- 5.4 Elements of the Utility Theory -- 5.5 Multi-objective Decision Analysis -- 5.5.1 Feasible, Non-dominated and Efficient Solutions -- 5.5.2 Solution Procedures and Typology of MCDA Techniques -- 5.6 Questions and Problems - Chapter 5 -- 6 Case Studies -- 6.1 Coastal Pollution: the Thermaikos Gulf (Macedonia, Greece) -- 6.1.1 Description of the Thermaikos Gulf -- 6.1.2 Water Circulation Patterns -- 6.1.3 Water Quality Assessment -- 6.1.4 Risk of Pollution under Climate Change -- 6.1.4.1 Temperature and Climate Change -- 6.1.4.2 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 6.2 River Water Quality: the Axios River (Macedonia, Greece) -- 6.2.1 Present Situation -- 6.2.1.1 Axios River -- 6.2.2 Mathematical Modelling -- 6.3 Groundwater Pollution: the Campaspe Aquifer (Victoria, Australia) -- 6.3.1 The Study Area -- 6.3.2 Risk of Salinisation. , 6.3.2.1 Groundwater Hydrodynamics -- 6.3.2.2 Random Walk Simulation -- Appendix A: The Probabilistic Approach -- A.1 Basic Probability -- A.2 The Multiplicative Law -- A.3 Statistical Independence -- A.4 Rare Events -- A.5 Theorem of Total Probability -- A.6 Bayes' Theorem -- A.7 Random Variables -- A.7.1 Discrete Random Variables -- A.7.2 Continuous Random Variables -- A.8 Expectation, Variance and Standard Deviation -- A.9 Derived Distributions -- A.10 Two-dimensional Distributions -- A.11 Functions of Random Vectors -- A.11.1 Sum of Random Variables -- A.11.2 Difference of Random Variables -- A.11.3 Product of Random Variables -- A.11.4 Ratio of Random Variables -- Appendix B: The Fuzzy Set Theory -- B.1 Basic Definitions -- B.2 Fuzzy Sets -- B.3 h-Level Sets, Normal and Convex Fuzzy Sets -- B.4 Fuzzy Numbers -- B.4.1 L-R Representation of a Fuzzy Number -- B.4.2 Triangular and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers -- B.4.3 Support and h-Level of a Fuzzy Number -- B.5 Cartesian Product -- B.6 Extension Principle -- B.7 Arithmetic Operations on Fuzzy Numbers as Extension of Interval Analysis -- B.8 Arithmetic Operations on Intervals -- B.8.1 Addition and Subtraction of Intervals -- B.8.2 Multiplication and Division of Intervals -- B.8.3 Addition of Fuzzy Numbers -- B.8.4 Subtraction of Fuzzy Numbers -- B.8.5 Multiplication of Fuzzy Numbers -- B.8.6 Division of Fuzzy Numbers -- B.8.7 Minimum and Maximum of Fuzzy Numbers -- B.8.8 Mean and Width of Fuzzy Numbers -- B.8.9 Convolution of Fuzzy Numbers -- Appendix C: Hints for Answering Questions and Solutions to Problems -- C.1 Answers to Questions and Problems - Chapter 1 -- C.2 Answers to Questions and Problems - Chapter 2 -- C.3 Answers to Questions and Problems - Chapter 3 -- C.4 Answers to Questions and Problems - Chapter 4 -- C.5 Answers to Questions and Problems - Chapter 5 -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Sensors: A Comprehensive Survey, Volume-2 -- Contents -- Volume 2: Chemical and Biochemical Sensors, Part I -- List of Contributors -- 1 Definitions and Typical Examples -- 2 Historical Remarks -- 3 Chemical Sensor Technologies: Empirical Art and Systematic Research -- 4 Specific Molecular Interactions and Detection Principles -- 5 Specific Features of Electrochemical Sensors -- 6 Multicomponent Analysis in Chemical Sensing -- 7 Liquid Electrolyte Sensors: Potentiometry, Amperometry, and Conductometry -- 8 Solid State Electrochemical Sensors -- 9 Electronic Conductance and Capacitance-Sensors -- 10 Field Effect Chemical Sensors -- Device Principles -- Ion-Sensitive FETs -- Field Effect Gas Sensors -- 11 Calorimetric Chemical Sensors -- 12 Optochemical Sensors -- 13 Mass-Sensitive Devices -- Index -- List of Symbols and Abbreviations.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Overview -- 1.1 Development of the MedDiet -- 1.1.1 A brief history of the MedDiet -- 1.1.2 The traditional MedDiet and present day MedDiets -- 1.1.3 International differences -- 1.1.4 National representations of the MedDiet -- 1.1.5 Sources of information for the general public -- 1.2 Lifestyle factors -- 1.2.1 Meal patterns -- 1.2.2 Siestas -- 1.2.3 Physical activity -- 1.2.4 Sunshine -- 1.3 Health benefits -- 1.3.1 Mediterranean dietary patterns -- 1.3.2 Endorsements -- 1.4 The MedDiet, past, present and future -- 1.4.1 Current trends -- 1.4.2 The Greek experience -- 1.4.3 Not all bad news -- 1.4.4 Future prospects -- References -- SECTION 1: CONSTITUENTS -- 2 Constituents and Physiological Effects of Mediterranean Plant Foods -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Carbohydrates -- 2.2.1 Glycaemic index -- 2.2.2 Honey -- 2.2.3 Physiological effects of carbohydrates -- 2.2.4 Fibre -- 2.3 Fats -- 2.4 Organic acids -- 2.5 Minerals -- 2.6 Vitamins -- 2.6.1 Water soluble vitamins -- 2.6.2 Fat soluble vitamins -- 2.7 Phytochemicals -- 2.7.1 Classes of phytochemicals -- 2.7.2 Sensory properties of phytochemicals -- 2.7.3 Phenolics -- 2.7.4 Terpenes -- 2.7.5 Sulphur-containing compounds -- 2.7.6 Polyacetylenes -- 2.7.7 Nitrogen-containing compounds -- 2.8 Mediterranean plants as medicines -- References -- 3 Influences of the Supply Chain on the Composition of Mediterranean Plant Foods -- 3.1 Significance of the supply chain -- 3.2 Growth conditions -- 3.2.1 A brief overview of plant metabolism -- 3.2.2 Soil -- 3.2.3 Sun -- 3.2.4 Water -- 3.2.5 Other environmental factors -- 3.3 Plant cultivar -- 3.4 Food retailers and food processing -- 3.4.1 Anatomical distribution of nutrients -- 3.4.2 Freshness -- References -- 4 Influences of Food Preparation and Bioavailability on Nutritional Value -- 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Food preparation -- 4.2.1 Chopping -- 4.2.2 Cooking -- 4.3 Nutrient bioavailability -- 4.3.1 Pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals -- 4.3.2 Liberation -- 4.3.3 Absorption -- 4.3.4 Distribution -- 4.3.5 Metabolism -- 4.3.6 Excretion -- 4.3.7 Inter-individual variations in phytochemical pharmacokinetics -- References -- 5 Guide to the Composition of Mediterranean Plant Foods -- 5.1 Types of plant foods consumed as part of a MedDiet -- 5.1.1 Consumption -- 5.1.2 Diversity of consumption -- 5.2 Vegetables -- 5.2.1 Green leafy vegetables -- 5.2.2 Other green vegetables -- 5.2.3 Root vegetables -- 5.2.4 Alliums -- 5.2.5 Solanaceous vegetables -- 5.2.6 Legumes -- 5.3 Wheat products -- 5.4 Fruits -- 5.4.1 Citrus fruits -- 5.4.2 Apples and related fruits -- 5.4.3 Stone fruits -- 5.4.4 Grapes -- 5.4.5 Other berries -- 5.4.6 Pomegranates -- 5.4.7 Figs -- 5.4.8 Dates -- 5.4.9 Olives -- 5.5 Herbs and spices -- 5.6 Nuts and seeds -- 5.6.1 Nuts -- 5.6.2 Seeds -- References -- 6 Olive Oil and Other Fats -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Olive oil -- 6.2.1 Consumption and production -- 6.2.2 Origin and varieties of olive trees -- 6.2.3 Olive oil production -- 6.2.4 Traceability and European regulations -- 6.2.5 Biochemical composition -- 6.3 Other fat sources -- 6.3.1 Nuts and seeds -- 6.3.2 Herbs and spices -- 6.3.3 Meat and dairy -- 6.3.4 Eggs -- 6.3.5 Fish and shellfish -- References -- 7 Wine and Other Drinks -- 7.1 Wine -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Production -- 7.1.3 Composition -- 7.1.4 Metabolism of wine -- 7.1.5 Consumption patterns and health -- 7.1.6 The resveratrol controversy -- 7.2 Aniseed-flavoured spirits -- 7.2.1 Consumption -- 7.2.2 Composition -- 7.2.3 Physiological effects -- 7.3 Tea -- 7.3.1 Consumption -- 7.3.2 Composition -- 7.3.3 Physiological effects -- 7.4 Coffee -- 7.4.1 Consumption -- 7.4.2 Composition and physiological effects -- References. , SECTION 2 HEALTH EFFECTS -- 8 Epidemiological Methods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study designs -- 8.2.1 Descriptive epidemiology -- 8.2.2 Ecological studies -- 8.3 Analytical epidemiology -- 8.3.1 Case-control and prospective studies -- 8.4 Intervention studies -- 8.5 Expression and interpretation of data from epidemiological studies -- 8.6 Dietary patterns -- 8.6.1 A priori dietary patterns -- 8.6.2 A posteriori dietary patterns -- 8.7 Criteria for judging epidemiological data -- References -- 9 General Mechanisms for Disease Prevention -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methods for studying the effects of nutrients on disease mechanisms -- 9.2.1 General considerations -- 9.2.2 In vitro models -- 9.2.3 Animal models -- 9.2.4 Human intervention studies -- 9.3 Oxidative stress -- 9.3.1 What are free radicals? -- 9.3.2 Production of reactive species -- 9.3.3 Effects of reactive species -- 9.3.4 Antioxidant defences -- 9.3.5 Measuring antioxidant activity -- 9.3.6 Antioxidant activity in the Mediterranean diet -- 9.3.7 Limitations of the dietary antioxidant theory -- 9.4 Inflammation -- 9.4.1 The inflammatory response -- 9.4.2 The MedDiet and inflammation -- 9.4.3 n-3 Fatty acids -- 9.4.4 Phenolics -- 9.4.5 Pro-inflammatory foods -- 9.5 Modulation of cell signalling pathways by phenolics -- 9.5.1 Cell signalling pathways in disease -- 9.6 Gene interactions -- 9.6.1 Genetic predisposition to diet - nutrigenetics -- 9.6.2 Effects of diet on gene expression -- 9.7 Increased stress resistance -- 9.7.1 The general concept -- 9.7.2 Mechanistic basis of hormesis -- 9.8 Nutrient interactions and the Mediterranean dietary pattern -- 9.8.1 Minimising spikes in plasma concentrations -- 9.8.2 Synergistic interactions -- References -- 10 Metabolic Disorders -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Obesity -- 10.2.1 Introduction -- 10.2.2 Epidemiology -- 10.2.3 Mechanisms. , 10.3 Metabolic syndrome -- 10.3.1 Introduction -- 10.3.2 Epidemiology -- 10.3.3 Mechanisms -- 10.4 Type 2 diabetes -- 10.4.1 Introduction -- 10.4.2 Epidemiology -- 10.4.3 Mechanisms -- References -- 11 Cardiovascular Diseases -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Nutrition and the biology of CVD -- 11.2.1 Atherogenesis -- 11.2.2 Cardiac arrhythmias -- 11.3 Epidemiological evidence and mechanisms -- 11.3.1 Fat and fatty acids -- 11.3.2 Plant food constituents -- 11.3.3 Whole foods -- 11.3.4 Dietary patterns -- References -- 12 Cancers -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Nutritional factors and the biology of cancer -- 12.2.1 Introduction -- 12.2.2 Carcinogenesis -- 12.2.3 The issue of selectivity -- 12.2.4 Mediterranean dietary pattern and cancer prevention -- 12.3 Epidemiological evidence and mechanisms -- 12.3.1 Fats -- 12.3.2 Plant food constituents -- 12.3.3 Tea -- 12.3.4 Coffee -- 12.3.5 Wine and alcohol -- 12.3.6 Plant foods -- 12.3.7 Dietary patterns -- References -- 13 Neurological and Other Disorders -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Dementias -- 13.2.1 Introduction -- 13.2.2 Epidemiology -- 13.2.3 Mechanisms -- 13.3 Parkinson's disease -- 13.3.1 Introduction -- 13.3.2 Epidemiology -- 13.3.3 Mechanisms -- 13.4 Depression -- 13.4.1 Introduction -- 13.4.2 Epidemiology -- 13.4.3 Mechanisms -- 13.5 Rheumatoid arthritis -- 13.5.1 Introduction -- 13.5.2 Epidemiology -- 13.5.3 Mechanisms -- 13.6 Age-related macular degeneration -- 13.6.1 Introduction -- 13.6.2 Epidemiology -- 13.6.3 Mechanisms -- 13.7 All cause mortality -- 13.7.1 Fruit and vegetables -- 13.7.2 Alcohol -- 13.7.3 Wine -- 13.7.4 Dietary pattern -- 13.8 General conclusions -- References -- 14 Public Health Issues -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 Public health and its objectives -- 14.1.2 The challenges of public health in Europe -- 14.2 Which MedDiet? -- 14.3 Which constituents are important in the MedDiet?. , 14.3.1 Olive oil -- 14.3.2 Cereals and legumes -- 14.3.3 Fruit and vegetables -- 14.3.4 Herbs and spices -- 14.3.5 Meat and dairy products -- 14.3.6 Wine and tea -- 14.3.7 How can the Mediterranean dietary pattern be implemented? -- 14.4 Transferring the Mediterranean dietary pattern -- 14.4.1 Public health recommendations and education -- 14.4.2 Governments' and communities' food policies -- 14.4.3 Individual choices and attitudes -- References -- SECTION 3 APPENDICES -- Appendix 1 Abbreviations -- Appendix 2 Epidemiological Studies -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Photon, Beam and Plasma Assisted Processing -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- CONFERENCE ORGANISATION -- SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS AND SPONSORS -- PLENARY LECTURES -- Future Very-large-scale Integration Technology -- The δ Doping Layer: Electronic Properties and Device Perspectives -- High Temperature Superconducting Ceramics -- Part 1: THEORETICAL ASPECTS -- Chapter 1. A THERMAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MELTING OF c- AND a-SILICON UNDER PULSED EXCIMER LASERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The parameters -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN LAYERED STRUCTURES DURING LASER PROCESSING -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Simulation procedure -- 3. Silicon-on-sapphire -- 4. SiO2-covered silicon -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 2: DEPOSITION -- Chapter 3. LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA ENHANCED CVD OF HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE SINGLE CRYSTALLINE AND POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON MATERIALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Plasma enhanced CVD of single crystalline silicon layers at low temperatures -- 3. Plasma enhanced CVD of polycrystalline silicon layers at low temperature, preserving epitaxial information from the substrate -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4. DELTA-TYPE DOPING PROFILES IN SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Growth procedure for delta layers -- 3. Characterization of delta layers -- 4. Device applications -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5. SYNTHESIS OF SILICON CARBIDE POWDERS BY A CW CO2 LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. LOW TEMPERATURE PHOTON-CONTROLLED GROWTH OF THIN FILMS AND MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary. , Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. ArF LASER PHOTOCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON FROM DISILANE: SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES AND COMPARISON WITH THERMAL CVD * -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- References -- Chapter 8. PRECISION SURFACE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND FILM CHARACTERIZATION FOR LICVD OF a-Si:H FROM SiH4 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Chpater 9. PYROLYSIS AND IR LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF SiH4 MOLECULES IN THE PRESENCE OF NON REACTIVE AND REACTIVE ADDITIVES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. PHOTOASSISTED MBE OF CdTe THIN FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. PRECURSORS FOR THIN FILM OXIDES BY PHOTO-MOCVD -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Selection of precursors -- 3. Ultra-violet absorption of organometallic compounds -- 4. ß-Diketonates -- 5. Precursors of oxides -- 6. Aluminium oxide -- 7. Titanium dioxide -- 8. Lead oxide -- 9. Scandium oxide -- 10. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12. CW AND PULSED UV LASER-INDUCED DEPOSITION FROM Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, AND W(CO)6 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 13. LOW TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF CRYSTALLINE SILICON USING EXCIMER LASER IRRADIATION -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Large area oxidation -- 3. Patterned oxidation -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14. DEPOSITION OF HIGH QUALITY SiO2 LAYERS FROM TEOS BY EXCIMER LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiments -- 3. Physical properties of the SiO2 layers -- 4. Electrical properties -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15. EVAPORATION OF SOLIDS BY PULSED LASER IRRADIATION. , 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 16. PULSED LASER ABLATIVE DEPOSITION OF THIN METAL FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 17. GROWTH MODEL FOR MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental setup and results -- 3. A growth model for hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 18. THIN LAYERS OBTAINED BY PLASMA JET DEPOSITION AT LOW PRESSURE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Results -- 3. Diffusion and decomposition of the compounds or elements in the plasma jet -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19. LASER-INDUCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF CHROMIUM FILMS FROM CHROMIUMHEXACARBONYL USING A KrF EXCIMER LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiments -- 3. Model considerations -- 4. Results and discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 20. OXIDE GROWTH ON SILICIDES IN OXYGEN PLASMA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 21. PLASMA NITRIDED OXIDE FILMS AS A THIN GATE DIELECTRIC -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 22. MODELLING OF SILICON NITRIDE DEPOSITION BY 254 nm Hg-PHOTOSENSITIZATION AND 185 nm PHOTOLYSIS OF SiH4/NH3 GAS MIXTURE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Modelling -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 23. INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISM OF C02 LASER DRIVEN PRODUCTION OF ULTRAFINE SINTERABLE (Si3N4 AND SiC) POWDERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 24. EXCIMER LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS FOR Zn DEPOSITION -- 1. Introduction. , 2. UV photolysis of DMZn and DEZN -- 3. Excimer (KrF) induced deposition of Zn from DEZn -- References -- Chapter 25. CHARACTERIZATION OF ION-BEAM-SPUTTERED TUNGSTEN FILMS ON SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 26. AN IN SITU INFRARED STUDY OF THE ROOM TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF SILICON WITH ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR OXYGEN -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Instrumental -- 3. Procedure -- 4. Results and discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 27. LOW TEMPERATURE CRYSTALLISATION OF AMORPHOUS-SILICON FILMS FOR THE FABRICATION OF THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Deposition and thermal annealing of silicon layers -- 3. Transmission electron microscopy study -- 4. As-deposited film -- 5. Low-temperature annealed films -- 6. Effect of deposition parameters on grain size -- 7. PECVD oxides -- 8. Electrical characterisation -- 9. Thin-film transistors -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- Part 3: ETCHING -- Chapter 28. UV LASER ETCHING PROCESSES FOR FILM LAYERS USED IN SILICON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Results and discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 29. MICROWAVE MULTIPOLAR PLASMA FOR ETCHING AND DEPOSITION -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microwave multipolar plasma -- 3. Microwave excitation -- 4. Silicon etching by fluorine -- 5. Silicon homoepitaxy -- References -- Chapter 30. MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE CHEMICALLY PHOTO-ASSISTED ETCHING -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental set-up -- 3. Non-reactive etching -- 4. Chemically assisted etching -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 31. ON THE APPLICATION OF XPS, SSIMS AND QCM TO STUDY THE SURFACE OF A CF4 /O2 PLASMA TREATED POLYCARBONATE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 32. SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE ETCHING BY HALOGENS: FUNDAMENTAL STEPS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Thermal desorption analysis -- 4. Isothermal gas phase analysis -- 5. Auger surface analysis for 300 K adsorption -- 6. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 33. LASER-INDUCED PHOTOETCHING OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 34. SILICON DAMAGE AND RESIDUE OVERLAYER CAUSED BY RIE AND RIBE PROCESSES WITH CHF3 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 35. CW-LASER INDUCED CHEMICAL ETCHING OF THIN SILVER AND MOLYBDENUM FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Experimental results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 36. LASER PHOTOABLATION OF SPIN-ON-GLASS AND POLY(ETHYL CYANOACRYLATE) PHOTORESIST -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials -- 3. Experiment -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 37. CARBONACEOUS OVERLAYER AND NEAR-SURFACE DAMAGE AFTER PURE CF4 REACTIVE ION BEAM ETCHING OF SILICON: EXPOSURE DOSE EFFECTS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Experimental results -- 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 38. FINE STRUCTURING OF MAGNETIC AND HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING CERAMIC OXIDES IN AN HC1 PLASMA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental method -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Computer simulations -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 4: DOPING -- Chapter 39. LASER ASSISTED DIFFUSION IN GaAs FROM THIN EVAPORATED LAYERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical melted depth -- 3. Sample preparation -- 4. Experimental results -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 40. OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN THE PHOTOCHEMICAL DOPING OF Si WITH A PULSED ArF EXCIMER LASER.

Note: Front Cover -- Nonlinear System Analysis -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter I. Linearity and Nonlinearity -- 1. An Example of a Nonlinear System: The Simple Pendulum -- 2. Conservative Oscillators -- 3. Approximate Solutions of the Pendulum Equation -- 4. Exact Solution by Elliptic Integral -- 5. Representation in a Phase Plane -- 6. Nonlinear Oscillator with Damping -- 7. Simple Pendulum with Forcing Function. Resonance -- References -- Chapter II. Self-Oscillatory Systems -- Introduction -- 1. Electronic Oscillators -- 2. Phase-Plane Representation -- 3. Cauchy-Lipschitz Theorem -- 4. Geometric Study of Periodic Solutions -- 5. Analytic Approaches to Periodic Phenomena -- 6. Synchronization of Self-Oscillators -- 7. Subharmonic Response -- References -- Chapter III. Classification of Singularities -- 1. Singular Points -- 2. Distribution of Singular Points in Phase-Plane R2 -- 3. Static and Dynamic Systems -- 4. Extension of the Theory: Sources, Sinks, and Transformation Points -- 5. Transformations of the Vector Field -- 6. Three-Dimensional Singularities -- References -- Chapter IV. Systems with Several Degrees of Freedom -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Example of a Conservative Oscillator -- 3. Nonlinear Oscillations in a Particle Accelerator -- 4. Self-Sustained Oscillators with Two Degrees of Freedom -- 5. Normal Vibrations on Nonlinear Systems -- References -- Chapter V. Equivalent Linearization -- 1. Stating the Problem -- 2. A Model in Classical Optics -- 3. Introduction to the Optimal Linearization Method -- 4. Similarity with Fourier's Method -- 5. Optimal Linear Operator -- 6. Iteration of the Procedure -- 7. The Describing Function -- 8. Additive Property of the Describing Function -- 9. Matrix Calculus in the Analysis of Nonlinear Systems -- References -- Chapter VI. The Describing Function Method. , 1. Equation of Feedback Loops -- 2. Linear and Nonlinear Feedback Loops -- 3. Nyquist's Diagram -- 4. Mikaïlov's Hodograph -- 5. Generalization of Mikaïlov's Hodograph for Nonlinear Systems -- 6. Applications to Autonomous Systems -- 7. Applications to Nonautonomous Systems -- 8. Sensitivity with Respect to Small Changes in Parameters -- 9. Retarded Actions -- 10. Multiple-Input Describing Function -- References -- Chapter VII. Nonlinear Equations with Periodic Coefficients -- Introduction -- 1. Perturbation Method -- 2. Stepwise Method: Application to the Orbital Stability Problem in a Synchrotron -- 3. Hamiltonian Representation -- 4. The Smooth Approximation -- References -- Chapter VIII. System Response to Random Inputs -- 1. Campbell's Theorem -- 2. Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov Method -- 3. Solution of the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov Equation Based on Campbell's Theorem -- References -- Chapter IX. Random Fluctuations of Self-Oscillators -- Introduction -- 1. Berstein's Method -- 2. Blaquiere's Method -- 3. Lerner's Quasi-Linear Method -- 4. Flicker Noise -- 5. Error in Frequency Measurement Using a Finite Time t' -- 6. Application to Masers -- References -- Appendix: Sinusoidal Modes of Electromagnetic Resonators -- 1. Equation for Linear Oscillations -- 2. Nonlinear Oscillations: Single Mode -- 3. Synchronization of Two Modes, Spatially Separated, in the Nonlinear Region -- 4. Synchronization of Two Modes, Nonspatially Separated, in the Nonlinear Region -- Coupling by the Nonlinearity Only -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- CRYSTALS IN GLASS -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Introduction: 36 Years of Research and Discoveries about Glass Crystallization -- Glass Myth Shattered (Science Now, May 16, 1998) -- Acknowledgments -- Letter from S. D. Stookey - The Inventor of Glass-ceramics -- Crystals in Glass - A Celebration of Science and Art -- Internal Nucleation in Glasses -- Lithium Disilicate Crystals in an Isochemical Glass -- Spherulitic Crystals in a Stoichiometric Barium Disilicate Glass -- Internal Crystallization in Ti-cordierite Glass -- Papaya-seed-like Nanocrystals in Fresnoite Glass -- Lithium Diborate Crystals in an Isochemical Glass -- Internal Crystal in a Diopside Glass -- Lithium Niobium Disilicate (Double) Crystals in a Nonstoichiometric Glass -- Crystals in Li2O-Doped Soda-lime-silica Glasses -- Textured Worm-like Crystals in a Bioactive Glass Fiber -- Liquid-liquid Phase Separation and Crystallization in Photo-thermo-refractive Glass -- Star-like Crystals in the Volume of PTR Glass -- Cristobalite Crystals in PTR Glass -- Surface Layer and Internal Crystallization in PTR Glass -- The Courtyard Effect in Stoichiometric Soda-lime-silica Glass -- The Courtyard Effect in Stoichiometric Soda-lime-silica Glass -- The Courtyard Effect-LS Crystals in a Eutectic Glass -- Hematite Crystals in Soda-lime-silica Glass -- Ionic Conducting Glass-ceramics -- Surface Nucleation on Glasses -- Surface Crystallization of Lithium Diborate Glass -- Cordierite Crystal on the Surface of a Cordierite Glass -- Surface Nucleation on Cordierite Glass -- Nucleation on Scratches, Cracks, and Bubbles -- Crystals on Bubble Surfaces in a Diopside Glass -- Surface Crystallization on a Calcium Phosphate Glass -- Surface Crystallization on Ca-rich Diopside Glass -- Surface Crystallization on Ca-rich Diopside Glass. , Wollastonite Needles in a Commercial Window (Soda-lime-silica) Glass -- Needle-like Crystals on CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- "Onion-rings" 1Na2O.2CaO.3SiO2 Crystals on the Surface an Isochemical Glass -- Laser-induced Surface Crystallization of Sm2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 Glass -- Viscous Sintering with Concurrent Crystallization -- Sintering with Concurrent Surface Crystallization of Diopside Glass Spheres -- Sintering with Concurrent Crystallization of Two Diopside Glass Spheres -- Sintering and Surface Crystallization of Spherical Soda-lime-silica Glass Particles -- Eutectic Crystallization -- Crystallization Propagating from the Surface of a CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Eutectic Crystallization on a CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Eutectic Crystallization of CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Hummingbird-like Crystals on the Surface of a Eutectic CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Orchid-like Crystallization in a Eutectic CaO-Li2O-SiO2 Glass -- Star-fruit-like Crystals in a Eutectic Glass -- Cracks and Bubbles in Glass-ceramics -- Self-cracking of Crystals in Isochemical Glass -- Spontaneous Crack Propagation in a Bioactive Glass-ceramic -- Toughening of a Glass-ceramic by Crack De. ection -- Toughening of a Dental Glass-ceramic by Crack De. ection -- Nucleation of Bubbles in a Bio Glass-ceramic -- Reviews of "Crystals in Glass: A Hidden Beauty" -- About the Author.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- In Remembrance of Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) -- Foreword -- General Aspects -- In Memoriam of Rudolf Virchow: A Historical Retrospective Including Aspects of Inflammation, Infection and Neoplasia -- Abstract -- Note of Comment on Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow -- Who Was Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow? -- Virchow and Tumor Pathology -- Virchow's Theories about the Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Oncogenesis -- Inflammation -- Syphilis and Tuberculosis -- Generalization and 'Infection ' -- The 'Krebsbacillus' -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Aneuploidy and Cancer: From Correlation to Causation -- Abstract -- Cancer Is Not Heritable -- Long Neoplastic Latencies -- Non-Mutagenic Carcinogens Cause Cancer -- Karyotype-Phenotype Variations at Rates that Are Orders Higher than Mutation -- Cancer-Specific Aneuploidies -- Cancers Have Complex Phenotypes -- Nonselective Phenotypes of Cancer Cells -- No Carcinogenic Genes in Cancer -- A New, Chromosomal Evolution Theory of Carcinogenesis -- Testing Specific Predictions of the Chromosomal Theory against Competing Claims by Genetic Theories of Cancer -- Carcinogens Function as Aneuploidogens -- Aneuploidy Is Inherently Variable and Thus Sufficient to Catalyze the Evolution of Cancer-Specific Chromosome Patterns -- Carcinogenesis Independent of Somatic Mutation -- Explanatory Value of the Chromosomal Theory of Cancer -- Cancer Is Not Heritable -- Long Neoplastic Latencies -- High Rates of Karyotype-Phenotype Variations and the Origin of Immortality -- Cancer-Specific Aneuploidies -- Complex Phenotypes -- Nonselective Phenotypes -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- The Achilles Heels of the Mutation-Cancer Theory -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Adult Stem Cell Theory of the Multi-Stage, Multi-Mechanism Theory of Carcinogenesis: Role of Inflammation on the Promotion of Initiated Stem Cells -- Abstract -- 'Initiation', 'Promotion' and 'Progression' Concept of Carcinogenesis -- What Is that 'Initiated' Cell? -- Initiation: Is It the Induction of 'Immortalization' of a Normal,'Mortal' Cell or the Inhibition of 'Mortalization' of a Normal 'Immortal' Adult Stem Cell? -- Characteristics of Adult Stem Cells: Clues to the Stem Cell Hypothesis of Carcinogenesis -- Are There Adult Stem Cell Markers? -- Role of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Normal Growth Control and Its Dysfunction in Carcinogenesis -- Cancer Stem Cells: Something New or a Newly Discovered Old Prediction -- Stem Cells, Oncogenic Viruses, and Cancer -- Inflammation,Tumor Promotion and Carcinogenesis -- Implications of the Stem Cell Theory for Cancer Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy: Cancer as a 'Treatable Chronic Disease' -- Conclusion -- References -- Specific Pathogens -- Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Neoplasia -- Abstract -- Epidemiology of Gastric Carcinoma -- Epidemiology of H. pylori Infection -- Gastric Carcinogenesis Cascade -- Molecular Events during Gastric Carcinogenesis -- Bacterial Factors -- cagA -- vacA -- babA2 -- Host Factors -- Prevention of Gastric Adenocarcinoma by H. pylori Eradication -- MALT Lymphoma -- References -- Schistosomiasis and Neoplasia -- Abstract -- Life Cycle of Schistosoma -- Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis -- Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis -- Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer -- Epidemiological Evidence -- Experimental Evidence -- Histopathological Evidence -- Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer in S. hematobium Chronic Inflammation -- Urinary Tract Infection -- Altered Carcinogen Metabolism -- Disturbed Carcinogen Activation in Schistosomiasis. , Disturbed Carcinogen Inactivation in Schistosomiasis -- Molecular Mechanisms -- Tumor Suppressor Genes -- The p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene -- Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Gene -- Chromosome 9 -- Microsatellite Instability -- Oncogenes -- H-ras -- Bcl-2 Gene -- Schistosomiasis and Colorectal Cancer -- Schistosomiasis and Liver Cancer -- Schistosomiasis and Prostate Cancer -- Schistosomiasis and Cancer of Other Sites -- References -- Relevant Oncogenic Viruses in Veterinary Medicine: Original Pathogens and Animal Models for Human Disease -- Abstract -- Viral Pathogens of Veterinary Importance -- Retroviruses -- Poultry -- Sheep -- Cat -- Cattle -- Fish -- Herpesviruses -- Papillomaviruses -- Mechanisms of Papillomavirus-Induced Oncogenesis -- Cattle -- Horse -- Dog -- Tumor Viruses of Animals as Models of Human Oncogenesis -- Conceptual Work and Pioneering Studies in Oncology -- Tumor Induction by Viral and Cell-Derived Oncogenes and Additional Oncogenic Strategies of Retroviruses -- Importance of Cofactors in Virus-Induced Oncogenesis -- Abortive,Nonlytic Infections Can Promote Cancer Development -- Animal Models for Human Malignancies -- Zoonosis and Host-Species Exchange-Associated Oncogenesis -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Infection, Inflammation and Neoplasia -- The Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment and Its Impact on Cancer Development -- Abstract -- Tumor Micro-Environment -- The Inflammatory Tumor Micro-Environment -- Acute versus Chronic Inflammation -- Clinical Association between Chronic Inflammation and Cancer -- Experimental Studies Linking Inflammation and Cancer -- Inflammatory Cell-Mediated Modulation of Neoplastic Progression -- Direct Effect on Neoplastic Cells -- Indirect Effect on Neoplastic Cells -- Concluding Remarks and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Co-Opting Macrophage Traits in Cancer Progression: A Consequence of Tumor Cell Fusion? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cell Fusion in Normal and Cancerous Tissues -- Putative BMT Tumor Cell Hybrids in Humans -- Gene Expression in Artificial Fusion Hybrids -- Beta1,6-Branched Oligosaccharides and Coarse Vesicles in Human BMT Tumor Hybrids -- Beta1,6-Branched Oligosaccharides and Coarse Vesicles Are Common in Human Cancers -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Carcinogenesis Driven by Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells -- Abstract -- Instruction of Stem Cell Trans-Differentiation -- What Happens if BMDC Trans-Differentiation Is Directed by a Faulty Blueprint -- What Happens if Tumor Tissue Is the Blueprint for BMDC Trans-Differentiation? -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chemokine-Directed Metastasis -- Chemokine-Directed Metastasis -- Abstract -- Angiogenesis -- ELR Positive CXC Chemokines Promote Angiogenesis -- The Role of ELR-Positive CXC Chemokines in Tumorigenesis -- In General, Non-ELR Positive CXC Chemokines Are Inhibitors of Angiogenesis -- CXCR3 Appears to Be the Major Receptor for Non-ELR-Positive CXC Chemokine-Mediated Inhibition of Angiogenesis -- Non-ELR Positive CXC Chemokines Attenuate Angiogenesis and Reduce Tumorigenesis -- Evidence that Chemokines Are Involved in Tumor Cell Invasion -- Evidence that Chemokines Regulate the Pattern of Organ-Specific Metastasis of Cancer -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Involvement of Chemokine Receptors in Organ-Specific Metastasis -- Abstract -- Chemokines -- Chemokines and Metastasis -- Mechanism of Action of CXCR4 in Cancer -- CXCR4 in Breast Cancer -- Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Visualization of Tumor Cell Extravasation -- Abstract -- Tumor Cell Extravasation -- Tumor Cell-Endothelial Cell Interactions during Extravasation. , Acknowledgements -- References -- Options for Visualizing Metastatic Disease in the Living Body -- Abstract -- Applications of Whole-Body in vivo Imaging Techniques -- Computed Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Nuclear Medicine Modalities (PET/SPECT) -- Optical Imaging -- Clinical Imaging of Metastases -- In vivo Imaging of Metastases in Animal Models -- Models of Metastasis Utilizing Implanted Tumor Cells -- Choice of Imaging Techniques for Visualization of Metastasizing Tumor Cells in Animal Models -- Future Outlook -- References -- Outlook and Perspectives -- Infection, Inflammation and Neoplasia: An Interdisciplinary Challenge -- Abstract -- Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Carcinogenesis -- Multifunctionality of Cytokines and Chemokines -- 'Wounds that Never Heal' and Carcinogenesis -- Chemokine-Mediated Cell Function Inhibition - Where, Which and How? -- Cancer and Inflammation: From Epidemiological Perspectives to Molecular Mechanisms -- Infection and Cancer -- Interdisciplinary Challenge -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Radioactivity and the biological effects of ionizing radiation -- 1.1. Units used -- 1.2. Natural radioactivity -- 1.3. Biological effects of ionizing radiation -- 1.4. Radiation protection principles -- 2. Nuclear safety organization -- 2.1. Nuclear security and safety -- 2.2. Nuclear safety organization and responsibility sharing -- 2.3. Safety analysis reports and regulations -- 2.4. Developments in safety goals -- 2.5. Safety Culture -- 3. Deterministic safety approach -- 3.1. Determination of specific risks -- 3.2. Potential risks, residual risks, acceptable risks -- 3.3. The barriers -- 3.4. The defense in depth concept -- 3.5. Quality Control -- 4. Analysis of operating conditions -- 4.1. Classification of operating conditions -- 4.2. Definition of design basis operating condition categories -- 4.3. Choice of operating conditions -- 4.4. Operating conditions: list and subdivisions -- 4.5. Operating condition analysis process -- 4.6. Consideration of internal or external hazards -- 5. Assessment of the radiological consequences of accidents -- 5.1. Quantities of radioactive products involved -- 5.2. Release rates -- 5.3. Transfer and deposit in reactor systems -- 5.4. Transfer and deposit in buildings -- 5.5. Leak rate to the outside atmosphere and filtering provisions -- 5.6. Environmental transport and deposit conditions -- 5.7 Pathways to man -- 5.8. Dose conversion factors -- 5.9. Changes in radiological consequence calculation methods -- 6. An example of accident analysis: LOCA -- 6.1. Physical effects of a large break -- 6.2. Assumptions adopted in safety analysis -- 6.3. Acceptability criteria and results -- 6.4. Evaluation of radiological consequences -- 6.5. Safety demonstration evolution -- 7. Assessment of safety justifications -- 7.1. Data drawn from operating condition studies. , 7.2. Checking the number of lines of defense -- 7.3. New safety demonstration requirements for the N4 series -- 8. A particular barrier point: the steam generator tubes -- 8.1. Steam generator tube rupture without human intervention -- 8.2. Complementary French studies -- 8.3. Dealing with the problem for the N4 series -- 9. Internal hazards -- 9.1. Missiles from inside the containment -- 9.2. The results of piping breaks -- 9.3. Turbogenerator bursting -- 9.4. Protection against load dropping -- 9.5. Fire protection -- 9.6. Internal flooding -- 10. External hazards -- 10.1. Determination of earthquake hazards -- 10.2. Protection against aircraft crashes -- 10.3. Industrial hazards -- 10.4. Floods -- 10.5. Protection against other external hazards -- 11. Complementary operating conditions -- 11.1. Origins -- 11.2. The position of the safety authorities -- 11.3. Complementary operating conditions -- 12. Probabilistic assessment of an accident sequence -- 12.1. Effects of failures and initial assumptions -- 12.2. Chronological list of the elements forming the scenario -- 12.3. Required data -- 12.4. Assessment results -- 12.5. Revision of scenarios and their probabilities -- 13. The accident at Three Mile Island -- 13.1. The accident -- 13.2. Causes of the accident -- 13.3. Lessons learned from the accident -- 14. The state-oriented approach -- 14.1. Limits of the event-related approach -- 14.2. Development of the state-oriented approach -- 14.3. First application of the state-oriented approach -- 14.4 Generalization of the state-oriented approach -- 14.5. Safety panels -- 15. Preparation for the management of severe accidents -- 15.1. Core and vessel degradation -- 15.2. The Rasmussen report -- 15.3. "Source terms -- 15.4. Severe accident management studies in France -- 15.5. Radiological consequences of source term S3 and intervention provisions. , 15.6. List of ultimate emergency procedures -- 15.7. Summary of procedures -- 15.8. Internal Emergency Plan -- 15.9. The fourth level of defense in depth -- 16. Special risks associated with criticality accidents -- 16.1. Theoretical scenario -- 16.2. A plausible scenario and corrective measures -- 16.3. Identification of other dilution scenarios -- 16.4. Other criticality accident hazards -- 16.5. International information -- 17. Emergency preparedness and IPSN resources -- 17.1. Emergency preparedness -- 17.2. Role of the IPSN crisis team -- 17.3. Method and tools of the assessment cell -- 17.4. Methods and tools of the radiological consequences cell -- 17.5. Conclusion on the method and tools -- 17.6. External Emergency Plan -- 17.7. Environmental transfer and deposit conditions -- 18. Severe accident research and development work -- 18.1. Thermal hydraulic codes -- 18.2. Fission product codes -- 18.3. Fission product experiments -- 18.4. Corium and containment building behavior studies -- 18.5. Other on-going surveys -- 19. Probabilistic safety assessment -- 19.1. Initiation of the studies -- 19.2. Aims and organization of the studies -- 19.3. Core meltdown probability assessment method -- 19.4. Specificities of French studies -- 19.5. Results of the 900 PSA survey -- 19.6. Results of the 1300 PSA -- 19.7. Comparison with studies undertaken abroad -- 20. Applications and development of probabilistic studies -- 20.1. Use of probabilistic safety studies -- 20.2. Development of these studies and tools -- 20.3. Probabilistic assessment of radioactive release -- 20.4. Conclusions on the probabilistic safety studies -- 21. The Chernobyl accident -- 21.1. The Chernobyl plant and the RBMK reactors -- 21.2. The accident -- 21.3. The release and its consequences -- 21.4. Causes of the accident and lessons learned. , 21.5. Future of the other Chernobyl units -- 21.6. Lessons drawn in France -- 21.7. Information of the general public and communication -- 21.8. After Chernobyl -- 22. General operating rules -- 22.1. General operating rules -- 22.2. Technical Operating Specifications -- 22.3. Initial and periodic tests -- 22.4. Emergency operating procedures -- 23. Incident analysis -- 23.1. Incident selection -- 23.2. Significant incident analysis methods -- 23.3. Case of a repetitive incident -- 24. Detailed analysis of incidents involving human factors -- 24.1. Pressurizer heater damage at Flamanville 2 -- 24.2. Isolation of pressurizer level sensors at Cruas 2 -- 24.3. Isolation of pressurizer level sensors at Gravelines 4 -- 24.4. Analysis and lessons -- 24.5. Check on sensor operability -- 24.6. General considerations on maintenance activity quality -- 24.7. Defense in depth applied to operation -- 25. Preventive maintenance and in-service surveillance -- 25.1. In-service surveillance for large components -- 25.2. Preventive maintenance of equipment -- 25.3. Steam generators -- 25.4. Steam line defects -- 25.5. Closure head adapter cracking -- 26. Some French precursors -- 26.1. Incidents -- 26.2. Latent nonconformances revealed by inspections -- 27. Periodic safety review -- 27.1. Safety review methodology -- 27.2. Fessenheim and Bugey plant safety reviews -- 27.3. Safety review of the CP1 and CP2 standardized 900 MWe plant series -- 28. The international dimension -- 28.1. The IAEA standards and guides program -- 28.2. The Incident Reporting System -- 28.3. French-German comparisons -- 28.4. Services proposed by the IAEA -- 28.5. Plants of soviet design -- 29. The next generation of reactors -- 29.1. Setting up of French-German safety options -- 29.2. Changes in safety objectives -- 29.3. Application of the defense in depth concept. , 29.4. Preliminary characteristics of the EPR project -- 29.5. Illustration of defense in depth provisions -- 30. Safety considerations on other nuclear installations -- 30.1. Safety organization changes at the CEA -- 30.2. General safety approach -- 30.3. Safety objectives, notion of acceptability -- 30.4. Risk potentials -- 30.5. Design bases -- 30.6. Safety analysis of an installation -- 30.7. Operating safety -- 30.8. Plant end of life -- 30.9. Conclusion of this chapter -- Conclusion -- Appendix A - Basic safety rules -- A.1 Rules concerning pressurized water reactors (June 1995) -- A.2 Rules concerning basic nuclear installations other than reactors (June 1995) -- Appendix B - Regulatory texts related to quality -- B.1. Order of August, 10, 1984 -- B.2. Circular of August, 10, 1984 -- Appendix C - French nuclear power plants -- C.1. Graphite-moderated, gas-cooled reactors (GCR) -- C.2. Heavy water reactor (HWR) -- C.3. fast breeder reactors (FBR) -- C.4. Pressurized water reactor (PWR) -- Appendix D - Basic Nuclear Installations -- D.1. Experimental reactors in service -- D.2. Fuel cycle basic nuclear installations -- D.3. Other CEA basic nuclear installations -- D.4. Other nuclear installations -- D.5. Particle accelerators considered as basic nuclear installations.

Note: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Overview -- Chapter 1 Introduction and synthesis of key themes -- Chapter 2 Policy implications -- Organisations and Economies -- Chapter 3 Organising to deliver resilience -- Chapter 4 Managing for resilience -- Chapter 5 Boiling frogs, black swans and the Lucky Country - how resilient is our economy and how could we improve its resilience? -- Governance and Security -- Chapter 6 Governance for a surprising world -- Chapter 7 Security, prosperity and resilience -- Chapter 8 Resilience and global financial governance -- Energy and Settlements -- Chapter 9 Peak oil - catalyst for a resilient, sustainable society -- Chapter 10 Resilient cities -- Health and Education -- Chapter 11 Why are some people more resilient to health problems than others? -- Chapter 12 Reforming Australia's early childhood development systems - the role of resilience theory -- Chapter 13 Population health - a forgotten dimension of social resilience -- Chapter 14 Education - revolution or resilience -- Environment and Society -- Chapter 15 Resilience of social-ecological systems -- Chapter 16 Climate change - a resilience perspective -- Chapter 17 Resilience to global change -- Disaster Preparedness and Recovery -- Chapter 18 Biosecurity - preparing for the unexpected -- Chapter 19 Pandemic preparedness and resilience -- Chapter 20 The role of communication in supporting resilient communities -- Chapter 21 Beyond resilience in the face of disaster - transforming adversity by transforming ourselves and our systems -- Index.

Note: Title page -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Contents -- Societal Issues and Deployment of Integrated Biological Sensors -- Portable Nanobiosensor Platforms for Ultrasensitive Multidetection of Biological Warfare Agents in Real Time -- Development and Testing of the Portable Electrochemical Immunosensor System for Detection of Bioagents -- Disposable Screen Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Evaluation of Their Application as Alarm Systems Against Terrorism -- New Generation Biosensors Based on Direct Bioelectrocatalysis and Multi-Microchannel Technology -- Electro-Optical Analysis as a Tool for Determination of Microbial Cells with the Help of Specific Bacteriophages -- Fast Measurement of Cells Status by Electro-Optical Technique -- Detection of Cells and Viruses with Mass Sensitive Devices - Applications of Synthetic Antibodies -- Cell Monitoring Systems with CMOS Micro-Sensor-Chips -- Cell-Based Analyzing System for Continuous Determination of Cell Physiology -- Biosensor Detection of Microorganisms Based on Registration of Their Metabolic Activity and Immunoassay -- Molecular Identification Through Membrane-Engineering (MIME): State-of-the-Art Biosensor Technology for Instant, Ultra-Specific and Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Infectious Disease Agents at Global Scale -- Laser-Based Point Detector for On-Line Identification of Biological Warfare Materials -- Pre-Symptomatic Prediction of Illness in Mice Inoculated with Cowpox -- PQQ-Dehydrogenases as a Favorable Components for Biosensor Design -- Biosensor Detection of Organophosphorous Gases -- Author Index.