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  • Articles  (19)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (15)
  • The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (2)
  • The American Physiological Society (APS)  (2)
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  • Articles  (19)
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  • 1
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    catena-Poly[[(tetrahydrofuran-κO)potassium]-μ-(η5:η5)-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1-n-pentylcyclopentadienyl] (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-10
    Description: The title compound, [K(C 14 H 23 )(C 4 H 8 O)] n , comprises zigzag chains of alternating bridging 2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1- n -pentylcyclopentadienyl ligands and potassium ions, with an ancillary tetrahydrofuran ligand in the coordination environment of potassium. The coordination polymer strands so formed extend by 2 1 screw symmetry in the b -axis direction. The chemically modified cyclopentadienyl ligand, with a tethered n -pentyl group, was synthesized from 2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopent-2-enone by a Grignard reaction.
    Print ISSN: 0108-2701
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5759
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of International Union of Crystallography (IUCr).
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  • 2
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    Axisymmetric circulation driven by marginal heating in ice-covered lakes (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-01
    Description: Below the temperature of maximum density (TMD) in freshwater lakes, heating at the lateral margins produces gravity currents along the bottom slope, akin to katabatic winds in the atmosphere and currents on continental shelves. We describe axisymmetric basin-scale circulation driven by heat flux at the shorelines in polar Lake Kilpisjärvi. A dense underflow originating near the shore converges towards the lake center, where it produces warm upwelling and return flow across the bulk of lake water column. The return flow, being subject to Coriolis force, creates a lake-wide anticyclonic gyre with velocities of 2-4 cm s -1 . While warm underflows are common on ice-covered lakes, the key finding is the basin-scale anticyclonic gyre with warm upwelling in the core. This circulation mechanism provides a key to understanding transport processes in (semi-) enclosed basins subject to negative buoyancy flux due to heating (or cooling at temperatures above TMD) at their lateral boundaries.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Ichthyosis as the dermatological phenotype associated to TTC7A mutations (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-06
    Description: The phenotype associated to spontaneous mutation in the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 7A (TTC7A) in the flaky skin ( fsn ) mice 1 combines gastric hyperplasia, hyperproliferative immune disorder and skin anomalies. All fsn mice progressively develop thick white scales and patchy alopecia that turns into papulo-squamous lesions, marked hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis associated to a dermal mixed inflammatory infiltrate on skin biopsy 2,3 . To date, the fsn mouse constitutes a model for human psoriasis vulgaris 3 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2133
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
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    Hypoxia-induced cardiac injury in dystrophic mice (2016)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-03
    Description: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease of progressive destruction of striated muscle, resulting in muscle weakness with progressive respiratory and cardiac failure. Respiratory and cardiac disease are the leading causes of death in DMD patients. Previous studies have suggested an important link between cardiac dysfunction and hypoxia in the dystrophic heart; these studies aim to understand the mechanism underlying this connection. Here we demonstrate that anesthetized dystrophic mice display significant mortality following acute exposure to hypoxia. This increased mortality is associated with a significant metabolic acidosis, despite having significantly higher levels of arterial P o 2 . Chronic hypoxia does not result in mortality, but rather is characterized by marked cardiac fibrosis. Studies in isolated hearts reveal that the contractile function of dystrophic hearts is highly susceptible to short bouts of ischemia, but these hearts tolerate prolonged acidosis better than wild-type hearts, indicating an increased sensitivity of the dystrophic heart to hypoxia. Dystrophic hearts display decreased cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction. Isolated dystrophic cardiomyocytes and hearts have normal levels of FCCP-induced oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial morphology and content are normal in the dystrophic heart. These studies demonstrate reductions in cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction of the dystrophic heart. The underlying cause of this reduced oxygen extraction is not clear; however, the current studies suggest that large disruptions of mitochondrial respiratory function or coronary flow regulation are not responsible. This finding is significant, as hypoxia is a common and largely preventable component of DMD that may contribute to the progression of the cardiac disease in DMD patients.
    Keywords: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    In uncontrolled diabetes, thyroid hormone and sympathetic activators induce thermogenesis without increasing glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (2013)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: Recent advances in human brown adipose tissue (BAT) imaging technology have renewed interest in the identification of BAT activators for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. In uncontrolled diabetes (uDM), activation of BAT is implicated in glucose lowering mediated by intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of leptin, which normalizes blood glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The potent effect of icv leptin to increase BAT glucose uptake in STZ-diabetes is accompanied by the return of reduced plasma thyroxine (T 4 ) levels and BAT uncoupling protein-1 ( Ucp1 ) mRNA levels to nondiabetic controls. We therefore sought to determine whether activation of thyroid hormone receptors is sufficient in and of itself to lower blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetes and whether this effect involves activation of BAT. We found that, although systemic administration of the thyroid hormone (TR)β-selective agonist GC-1 increases energy expenditure and induces further weight loss in STZ-diabetic rats, it neither increased BAT glucose uptake nor attenuated diabetic hyperglycemia. Even when GC-1 was administered in combination with a β 3 -adrenergic receptor agonist to mimic sympathetic nervous system activation, glucose uptake was not increased in STZ-diabetic rats, nor was blood glucose lowered, yet this intervention potently activated BAT. Similar results were observed in animals treated with active thyroid hormone (T 3 ) instead of GC-1. Taken together, our data suggest that neither returning normal plasma thyroid hormone levels nor BAT activation has any impact on diabetic hyperglycemia, and that in BAT, increases of Ucp1 gene expression and glucose uptake are readily dissociated from one another in this setting.
    Print ISSN: 0193-1849
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1555
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Equations of state in the Fe–FeSi system at high pressures and temperatures (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-16
    Description: Earth's core is an iron-rich alloy containing several weight percent of light element(s), possibly including silicon. Therefore the high pressure-temperature equations of state of iron–silicon alloys can provide understanding of the properties of Earth's core. We performed X-ray diffraction experiments using laser-heated diamond anvil cells to achieve simultaneous high pressures and temperatures, up to ~200 GPa for Fe–9wt%Si alloy and ~145 GPa for stoichiometric FeSi. We determined equations of state of the D0 3 , hcp + B2, and hcp phases of Fe–9Si, and the B20 and B2 phases of FeSi. We also calculated equations of state of Fe, Fe 11 Si, Fe 5 Si, Fe 3 Si, and FeSi using ab initio methods, finding that iron and silicon atoms have similar volumes at high pressures. By comparing our experimentally-determined equations of state to the observed core density deficit, we find that the maximum amount of silicon in the outer core is ~11 wt%, while the maximum amount in the inner core is 6–8 wt%, for a purely Fe–Si–Ni core. Bulk sound speeds predicted from our equations of state also match those of the inner and outer core for similar ranges of compositions. We find a compositional contrast between the inner and outer core of 3.5–5.6 wt% silicon, depending on the seismological model used. Theoretical and experimental equations of state agree at high pressures. We find a good match to the observed density, density profile, and sound speed of the Earth's core, suggesting that silicon is a viable candidate for the dominant light element.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Sca-1 expression defines developmental stages of mouse pDCs that show functional heterogeneity in the endosomal but not lysosomal TLR9 response (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-07
    Description: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity and were shown to be identical to previously described natural IFN-α-producing (NIP) cells. Here, we describe two functionally distinct pDC subpopulations that are characterized by the differential expression of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1; Ly-6A/E). Sca-1 − pDCs are mainly found in the bone marrow, appear first during development, show a higher proliferative activity and represent the more precursor phenotype. Sca-1 + pDCs are mostly located in secondary lymphoid organs and represent a later developmental stage. Sca-1 − pDCs give rise to a Sca-1 + subset upon activation or in response to endogenous type I IFN. Interestingly, in contrast to Sca-1 − pDCs, Sca-1 + pDCs are defective in IFN-α production upon endosomal TLR9 stimulation, whereas lysosomal signaling via TLR9 is functional in both subsets. Gene expression analysis revealed that osteopontin (Opn) is strongly upregulated in Sca-1 − pDCs. These data provide evidence for the molecular basis of the observed functional heterogeneity, as the intracellular isoform of Opn couples TLR9 signaling to IFN-α expression. Taken together, our results indicate that Sca-1 − pDCs are an early developmental stage of pDCs with distinct innate functions representing the true murine NIP cell.
    Print ISSN: 0014-2980
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Whole-body adipose tissue and lean muscle volumes and their distribution across gender and age: MR-derived normative values in a normal-weight Swiss population (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-23
    Description: Purpose To determine age- and gender-dependent whole-body adipose tissue and muscle volumes in healthy Swiss volunteers in Dixon MRI in comparison with anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) measurements. Methods Fat–water-separated whole-body 3 Tesla MRI of 80 healthy volunteers (ages 20 to 62 years) with a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5 to 26.2 kg/m 2 (10 men, 10 women per decade). Age and gender-dependent volumes of total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), total abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), and the total lean muscle tissue (TLMT) normalized for body height were determined by semi-automatic segmentation, and correlated with anthropometric and BIA measurements as well as lifestyle parameters. Results The TAT, ASAT, VAT, and TLMT indexes (TATi, ASATi, VATi, and TLMTi, respectively) (L/m 2  ± standard deviation) for women/men were 6.4 ± 1.8/5.3 ± 1.7, 1.6 ± 0.7/1.2 ± 0.5, 0.4 ± 0.2/0.8 ± 0.5, and 5.6 ± 0.6/7.1 ± 0.7, respectively. The TATi correlated strongly with ASATi ( r  〉 0.93), VATi, BMI and BIA ( r  〉 0.70), and TAATi ( r  〉 0.96), and weak with TLMTi for both genders ( r  〉 –0.34). The VAT was the only parameter showing an age dependency ( r  〉 0.32). The BMI and BIA showed strong correlation with all MR-derived adipose tissue volumes. The TAT mass was estimated significantly lower from BIA than from MRI (both genders P  〈 .001; mean bias –5 kg). Conclusions The reported gender-specific MRI-based adipose tissue and muscle volumes might serve as normative values. The estimation of adipose tissue volumes was significantly lower from anthropometric and BIA measurements than from MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
    Print ISSN: 0740-3194
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2594
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Feasibility of semiquantitative liver perfusion assessment by ferucarbotran bolus injection in double-contrast hepatic MRI (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-16
    Description: Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of semiquantitative measurement of liver perfusion from analysis of ferucarbotran induced signal-dynamics in double-contrast liver MR-imaging (DC-MRI). Materials and Methods: In total 31 patients (21 men; 58 ± 10 years) including 18 patients with biopsy proven liver cirrhosis prospectively underwent clinically indicated DC-MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) with dynamic T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging after ferucarbotran bolus injection. Breathing artefacts in tissue and input time curves were reduced by Savitzky-Golay-filtering and semiquantitative perfusion maps were calculated using a model free approach. Hepatic blood flow index (HBFI) and splenic blood flow index (SBFI) were determined by normalization of arbitrary perfusion values to the perfusion of the erector spinae muscle resulting in a semiquantitative perfusion measure. Results: In 30 of 31 patients the evaluated protocol could successfully be applied. Mean HBF was 7.7 ± 2.46 (range, 4.6–12.8) and mean SBF was 13.20 ± 2.57 (range, 8.5–17.8). A significantly lower total HBF was seen in patients with cirrhotic livers as compared to patients with noncirrhotic livers ( P 〈 0.05). In contrast, similar SBF was observed in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients ( P = 0.11). Conclusion: Capturing the signal dynamics during bolus injection of ferucarbotran in DC-MRI of the liver allows for semiquantitative assessment of hepatic perfusion that may be helpful for a more precise characterisation of liver cirrhosis and focal liver lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Phase transition and metallization of FeO at high pressures and temperatures (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-16
    Description: Wüstite, Fe1-xO, is an important component in the mineralogy of Earth's lower mantle and may also be a component of the core. Therefore its high pressure-temperature behavior, including its electronic structure, is essential to understanding the nature and evolution of Earth's deep interior. We performed X-ray diffraction and radiometric measurements on wüstite in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, finding an insulator-metal transition at high pressures and temperatures. Our data show a negative slope for this apparently isostructural phase boundary, which is characterized by a volume decrease and emissivity increase. The metallic phase of FeO is stable at conditions of the lower mantle and core, which has implications for the high P-T character of Fe-O bonds, magnetic field propagation, and lower mantle conductivity.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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