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AK2 deficiency compromises the mitochondrial energy metabolism required for differentiation of human neutrophil and lymphoid lineages (2015)

E Six; C Lagresle-Peyrou; S Susini; C De Chappedelaine; N Sigrist; H Sadek; M Chouteau; N Cagnard; M Fontenay; O Hermine; C Chomienne; P Reynier; A Fischer; I André-Schmutz; N Gueguen; M Cavazzana

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Cell Death & Disease

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Publication Date: 2015-08-14

Description: AK2 deficiency compromises the mitochondrial energy metabolism required for differentiation of human neutrophil and lymphoid lineages Cell Death and Disease 6, e1856 (August 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.211 Authors: E Six, C Lagresle-Peyrou, S Susini, C De Chappedelaine, N Sigrist, H Sadek, M Chouteau, N Cagnard, M Fontenay, O Hermine, C Chomienne, P Reynier, A Fischer, I André-Schmutz, N Gueguen & M Cavazzana

Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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Reduced-dimensionality-induced helimagnetism in iron nanoislands (2014)

S. -H. Phark; J. A. Fischer; M. Corbetta; D. Sander; K. Nakamura; J. Kirschner

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature Communications

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Publication Date: 2014-10-24

Description: Article Spin textures, such as skyrmions, could be useful in future low-power-consumption memory devices, but they are usually only seen in materials with a strong spin-orbit interaction. Phark et al. now, however, observe such non-collinear magnetic order in nanometre-scale bilayer iron islands. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6183 Authors: S. -H. Phark, J. A. Fischer, M. Corbetta, D. Sander, K. Nakamura, J. Kirschner

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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In situ soft XAS study on nickel-based layered cathode material at elevated temperatures: A novel approach to study thermal stability (2014)

Won-Sub Yoon; Otto Haas; Shoaib Muhammad; Hyunchul Kim; Wontae Lee; Donghwi Kim; Daniel A. Fischer; Cherno Jaye; Xiao-Qing Yang; Mahalingam Balasubramanian; Kyung-Wan Nam

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Scientific Reports

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Publication Date: 2014-10-30

Description: Tracking thermally induced reactions has always been challenging for electrode materials of electrochemical battery systems. Traditionally, a variety of calorimetric techniques and in situ XRD at elevated temperatures has been used to evaluate the thermal stability of electrode materials. These techniques are capable of providing variations in heat capacity, mass and average bulk composition of materials only. Herein, we report investigation of thermal characteristics of Li0.33Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 by using in situ soft XAS measurements in combination with XRD. Fluorescence yield and partial electron yield measurements are used simultaneously to obtain element selective surface and bulk information. Fluorescence yield measurements reveal no energy change of the absorption peak and thus no valence state change in the bulk. However, electron yield measurements indicate that NiO-type rock salt structure is formed at the surface at temperatures above 200°C while no evidence for a surface reaction near Co sites in investigated temperature range is found. These results clearly show that in situ soft XAS can give a unique understanding of the role of each element in the structural transformation under thermal abuse offering a useful guidance in developing new battery system with improved safety performance. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06827

Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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Self-homodyne measurement of a dynamic Mollow triplet in the solid state (2016)

Kevin A. Fischer; Kai Müller; Armand Rundquist; Tomas Sarmiento; Alexander Y. Piggott; Yousif Kelaita; Constantin Dory; Konstantinos G. Lagoudakis; Jelena Vučković

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature Photonics

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Publication Date: 2016-02-27

Description: Nature Photonics 10, 163 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.276 Authors: Kevin A. Fischer, Kai Müller, Armand Rundquist, Tomas Sarmiento, Alexander Y. Piggott, Yousif Kelaita, Constantin Dory, Konstantinos G. Lagoudakis & Jelena Vučković The study of the light–matter interaction at the quantum scale has been enabled by the cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) architecture, in which a quantum two-level system strongly couples to a single cavity mode. Originally implemented with atoms in optical cavities, CQED effects are now also observed with artificial atoms in solid-state environments. Such realizations of these systems exhibit fast dynamics, making them attractive candidates for devices including modulators and sources in high-throughput communications. However, these systems possess large photon out-coupling rates that obscure any quantum behaviour at large excitation powers. Here, we have used a self-homodyning interferometric technique that fully employs the complex mode structure of our nanofabricated cavity to observe a quantum phenomenon known as the dynamic Mollow triplet. We expect this interference to facilitate the development of arbitrary on-chip quantum state generators, thereby strongly influencing quantum lithography, metrology and imaging.

Print ISSN: 1749-4885

Electronic ISSN: 1749-4893

Topics: Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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Coherent control with a short-wavelength free-electron laser (2016)

K. C. Prince; E. Allaria; C. Callegari; R. Cucini; G. De Ninno; S. Di Mitri; B. Diviacco; E. Ferrari; P. Finetti; D. Gauthier; L. Giannessi; N. Mahne; G. Penco; O. Plekan; L. Raimondi; P. Rebernik; E. Roussel; C. Svetina; M. TrovòM. Zangrando; M. Negro; P. Carpeggiani; M. Reduzzi; G. Sansone; A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo; E. V. Gryzlova; S. I. Strakhova; K. Bartschat; N. Douguet; J. Venzke; D. Iablonskyi; Y. Kumagai; T. Takanashi; K. Ueda; A. Fischer; M. Coreno; F. Stienkemeier; Y. Ovcharenko; T. Mazza; M. Meyer

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature Photonics

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Publication Date: 2016-02-27

Description: Nature Photonics 10, 176 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.13 Authors: K. C. Prince, E. Allaria, C. Callegari, R. Cucini, G. De Ninno, S. Di Mitri, B. Diviacco, E. Ferrari, P. Finetti, D. Gauthier, L. Giannessi, N. Mahne, G. Penco, O. Plekan, L. Raimondi, P. Rebernik, E. Roussel, C. Svetina, M. Trovò, M. Zangrando, M. Negro, P. Carpeggiani, M. Reduzzi, G. Sansone, A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo, E. V. Gryzlova, S. I. Strakhova, K. Bartschat, N. Douguet, J. Venzke, D. Iablonskyi, Y. Kumagai, T. Takanashi, K. Ueda, A. Fischer, M. Coreno, F. Stienkemeier, Y. Ovcharenko, T. Mazza & M. Meyer Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) produce short-wavelength pulses with high intensity, ultrashort duration, well-defined polarization and transverse coherence, and have been utilized for many experiments previously possible only at long wavelengths: multiphoton ionization, pumping an atomic laser and four-wave mixing spectroscopy. However one important optical technique, coherent control, has not yet been demonstrated, because self-amplified spontaneous emission FELs have limited longitudinal coherence. Single-colour pulses from the FERMI seeded FEL are longitudinally coherent, and two-colour emission is predicted to be coherent. Here, we demonstrate the phase correlation of two colours, and manipulate it to control an experiment. Light of wavelengths 63.0 and 31.5 nm ionized neon, and we controlled the asymmetry of the photoelectron angular distribution by adjusting the phase, with a temporal resolution of 3 as. This opens the door to new short-wavelength coherent control experiments with ultrahigh time resolution and chemical sensitivity.

Print ISSN: 1749-4885

Electronic ISSN: 1749-4893

Topics: Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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Hypoxia-induced cardiac injury in dystrophic mice (2016)

Stelter, Z., Strakova, J., Yellamilli, A., Fischer, K., Sharpe, K., Townsend, D.

The American Physiological Society (APS)

In: American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Publication Date: 2016-04-03

Description: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease of progressive destruction of striated muscle, resulting in muscle weakness with progressive respiratory and cardiac failure. Respiratory and cardiac disease are the leading causes of death in DMD patients. Previous studies have suggested an important link between cardiac dysfunction and hypoxia in the dystrophic heart; these studies aim to understand the mechanism underlying this connection. Here we demonstrate that anesthetized dystrophic mice display significant mortality following acute exposure to hypoxia. This increased mortality is associated with a significant metabolic acidosis, despite having significantly higher levels of arterial P o 2 . Chronic hypoxia does not result in mortality, but rather is characterized by marked cardiac fibrosis. Studies in isolated hearts reveal that the contractile function of dystrophic hearts is highly susceptible to short bouts of ischemia, but these hearts tolerate prolonged acidosis better than wild-type hearts, indicating an increased sensitivity of the dystrophic heart to hypoxia. Dystrophic hearts display decreased cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction. Isolated dystrophic cardiomyocytes and hearts have normal levels of FCCP-induced oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial morphology and content are normal in the dystrophic heart. These studies demonstrate reductions in cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction of the dystrophic heart. The underlying cause of this reduced oxygen extraction is not clear; however, the current studies suggest that large disruptions of mitochondrial respiratory function or coronary flow regulation are not responsible. This finding is significant, as hypoxia is a common and largely preventable component of DMD that may contribute to the progression of the cardiac disease in DMD patients.

Keywords: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

Print ISSN: 0363-6135

Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539

Topics: Medicine

Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)

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Screening of gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy by oral glucose tolerance test and glycosylated fibronectin: study protocol for an international, prospective, multicentre cohort trial (2016)

Huhn, E. A., Fischer, T., Göbl, C. S., Todesco Bernasconi, M., Kreft, M., Kunze, M., Schoetzau, A., Dölzlmüller, E., Eppel, W., Husslein, P., Ochsenbein-Koelble, N., Zimmermann, R., Bäz, E., Prömpeler, H., Bruder, E., Hahn, S., Hoesli, I.

BMJ Publishing

In: BMJ Open

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Publication Date: 2016-10-14

Description: Introduction As the accurate diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is of increasing importance; new diagnostic approaches for the assessment of GDM in early pregnancy were recently suggested. We evaluate the diagnostic power of an ‘early’ oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 75 g and glycosylated fibronectin (glyFn) for GDM screening in a normal cohort. Methods and analysis In a prospective cohort study, 748 singleton pregnancies are recruited in 6 centres in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Women are screened for pre-existing diabetes mellitus and GDM by an ‘early’ OGTT 75 g and/or the new biomarker, glyFn, at 12–15 weeks of gestation. Different screening strategies are compared to evaluate the impact on detection of GDM by an OGTT 75 g at 24–28 weeks of gestation as recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). A new screening algorithm is created by using multivariable risk estimation based on ‘early’ OGTT 75 g and/or glyFn results, incorporating maternal risk factors. Recruitment began in May 2014. Ethics and dissemination This study received ethical approval from the ethics committees in Basel, Zurich, Vienna, Salzburg and Freiburg. It was registered under http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02035059) on 12 January 2014. Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT02035059.

Keywords: Open access, Diagnostics, Obgyn

Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055

Topics: Medicine

Published by BMJ Publishing

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In uncontrolled diabetes, thyroid hormone and sympathetic activators induce thermogenesis without increasing glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (2013)

Matsen, M. E., Thaler, J. P., Wisse, B. E., Guyenet, S. J., Meek, T. H., Ogimoto, K., Cubelo, A., Fischer, J. D., Kaiyala, K. J., Schwartz, M. W., Morton, G. J.

The American Physiological Society (APS)

In: American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Publication Date: 2013-04-02

Description: Recent advances in human brown adipose tissue (BAT) imaging technology have renewed interest in the identification of BAT activators for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. In uncontrolled diabetes (uDM), activation of BAT is implicated in glucose lowering mediated by intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of leptin, which normalizes blood glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The potent effect of icv leptin to increase BAT glucose uptake in STZ-diabetes is accompanied by the return of reduced plasma thyroxine (T 4 ) levels and BAT uncoupling protein-1 ( Ucp1 ) mRNA levels to nondiabetic controls. We therefore sought to determine whether activation of thyroid hormone receptors is sufficient in and of itself to lower blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetes and whether this effect involves activation of BAT. We found that, although systemic administration of the thyroid hormone (TR)β-selective agonist GC-1 increases energy expenditure and induces further weight loss in STZ-diabetic rats, it neither increased BAT glucose uptake nor attenuated diabetic hyperglycemia. Even when GC-1 was administered in combination with a β 3 -adrenergic receptor agonist to mimic sympathetic nervous system activation, glucose uptake was not increased in STZ-diabetic rats, nor was blood glucose lowered, yet this intervention potently activated BAT. Similar results were observed in animals treated with active thyroid hormone (T 3 ) instead of GC-1. Taken together, our data suggest that neither returning normal plasma thyroid hormone levels nor BAT activation has any impact on diabetic hyperglycemia, and that in BAT, increases of Ucp1 gene expression and glucose uptake are readily dissociated from one another in this setting.

Print ISSN: 0193-1849

Electronic ISSN: 1522-1555

Topics: Medicine

Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)

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Treatment of poor graft function after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with a booster of CD34-selected cells infused without conditioning (2014)

B Askaa; A Fischer-Nielsen; L Vindeløv; E K Haastrup; H Sengeløv

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Bone Marrow Transplantation

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Publication Date: 2014-05-08

Description: Treatment of poor graft function after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with a booster of CD34-selected cells infused without conditioning Bone Marrow Transplantation 49, 720 (May 2014). doi:10.1038/bmt.2014.5 Authors: B Askaa, A Fischer-Nielsen, L Vindeløv, E K Haastrup & H Sengeløv

Print ISSN: 0268-3369

Electronic ISSN: 1476-5365

Topics: Medicine

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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The clinical relevance of minor paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones in refractory cytopenia of childhood: a prospective study by EWOG-MDS (2014)

A M Aalbers; V H J van der Velden; A Yoshimi; A Fischer; P Noellke; C M Zwaan; I Baumann; H B Beverloo; M Dworzak; H Hasle; F Locatelli; B De Moerloose; G Göhring; M Schmugge; J Stary; M Zecca; A W Langerak; J J M van Dongen; R Pieters; C M Niemeyer; M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Leukemia

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Publication Date: 2014-01-09

Description: The clinical relevance of minor paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones in refractory cytopenia of childhood: a prospective study by EWOG-MDS Leukemia 28, 189 (January 2014). doi:10.1038/leu.2013.195 Authors: A M Aalbers, V H J van der Velden, A Yoshimi, A Fischer, P Noellke, C M Zwaan, I Baumann, H B Beverloo, M Dworzak, H Hasle, F Locatelli, B De Moerloose, G Göhring, M Schmugge, J Stary, M Zecca, A W Langerak, J J M van Dongen, R Pieters, C M Niemeyer & M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink

Print ISSN: 0887-6924

Electronic ISSN: 1476-5551

Topics: Medicine

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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