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  • 11
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    Soliton Booting Dynamics in an Ultrafast Anomalous Dispersion Fiber Laser (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-04
    Description: We reported on the soliton booting dynamics of an ultrafast fiber laser operating in an anomalous dispersion regime. Based on the advanced experimental methodologies of spatio-temporal reconstruction and dispersive Fourier transform (DFT), the soliton booting dynamics are analyzed in the time and spectral domains. The spectral interference pattern with strong intensity oscillation behavior was observed near the mode-locking transition. It was found that the spectral pattern distributions are induced by the transient structured soliton formation during the pulse shaping from the noise background. The experimental results were further verified by the theoretical simulations. The obtained results would provide a general guideline for understanding the soliton booting dynamics in the ultrafast fiber lasers, and will prove to be fruitful to the various communities interested in solitons and fiber lasers.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 12
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    A Dual-Band Tunable Metamaterial Near-Unity Absorber Composed of Periodic Cross and Disk Graphene Arrays (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-04
    Description: A three-dimensional dual-band perfect absorber in the THz range (3–10 THz) is theoretically investigated. The absorber is composed of periodically placed cross- and disk-shaped graphene arrays on the top of a gold layer separated by a thick SiO $_{2}$ dielectric spacer. The simulated results show two absorption peaks with near-unity absorbance ( $99.923%$ and $99.601%$ ) at wavelengths 43.747  $mu$ m and 69.94  $mu$ m, respectively. Also, the absorber is insensitive to the polarization of the incident light and has a good tolerance to the incident angle whether it is TE or TM waves. Moreover, the peak wavelengths of the absorber can be flexibly modulated by varying the Fermi level $mu _{C}$ of graphene while no need to refabricate the structure. This paper provides a new perspective for the design of graphene-based tunable multiband perfect THz absorbers, but not limited to THz absorbers, and may also be used in other THz graphene-based photonic devices.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 13
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    Secure Key Distribution Strategy in OFDM-PON by Utilizing the Redundancy of Training Symbol and Digital Chaos Technique (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-04
    Description: A secure key distribution scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) passive optical network system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The training symbol (TS), which is used for time synchronization and channel estimation, is formed by adopting a noise-like chaotic sequence. The redundancy of the TS is utilized to embed secure keys. An experiment is performed, in which 7.64 Gb/s 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation OFDM data and 28.4 Mb/s keys embedded in are successfully transmitted over 25 km standard single mode fiber. The results indicate a promising key distribution method for physical layer secure optical communication.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 14
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    Broadly Tunable Self-injection Locked InAs/InP Quantum-dash Laser Based Fiber/FSO/Hybrid Fiber-FSO Communication at 1610 nm (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-04
    Description: We report a self-injection-locked InAs/InP quantum-dash tunable laser with ∼11 nm (∼1602–1613 nm) tuning window for next generation multiuser ultrahigh capacity fiber/free-space optics (FSO)/hybrid fiber-FSO-based optical networks. A tunability of >18 independently locked subcarriers with ∼28 dB side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and stable (±0.1 dBm) mode power is exhibited, and an estimated small injection ratio of ∼–22 dBm is found to sustain locking and SMSR. Error free transmission of 100 and 128 Gb/s externally modulated dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) signals over 20 km single mode fiber (SMF) and 16 m indoor FSO links are demonstrated across 8 and 4 individual subcarriers, respectively, thus covering the entire tuning range. Moreover, up to 168 (192) Gb/s successful transmission over 10 km SMF (BTB) and 176 Gb/s over 16 m FSO link is achieved on a ∼1610 nm subcarrier. Finally, a 128 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission over 11 km SMF–8 m FSO–11 km SMF hybrid system is accomplished, thus paving the potential deployment of this single-chip, cost-effective, and energy efficient tunable light source in terabits/s next-generation passive optical networks.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 15
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    Broadband Reflective Optical Limiter Using GST Phase Change Material (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-31
    Description: We experimentally demonstrate a thermally induced reflective optical limiter using Ge $_2$ Sb $_2$ Te $_5$ (GST) and SiO $_2$ in a multilayer photonic bandgap edge-filter configuration. In the PASS state, greater than 80% transmission was achieved at $lambda sim 1500$  nm over a 300 nm spectral bandwidth and $pm 45^{circ }$ angles of incidence. In the BLOCK state, extinction ratios higher than 30 dB were achieved. By comparison, all previous optical limiters based on nonlinear photonic crystals have severe spectral bandwidth and/or angle of incidence limitations in either the PASS or BLOCK states. A nine-layer implementation of this device was fabricated and tested in this paper. Numerical modeling results show reasonable agreement with measured values. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of optical limiting over a broad spectral band using phase change materials with this level of performance. However, it should be noted that although GST can be switched in both directions, the experimental results demonstrated in this paper are limited to PASS-to-BLOCK switching only.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 16
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    Pixel-Reassigned Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-31
    Description: A novel method of pixel reassignment (PRA) is proposed to achieve transverse superresolution in the confocal microscopy. Inspired by it, for the first time, we report a pixel-reassigned spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) with $sim$ 1.5 times transverse resolution improvement both in numerical simulations and imaging experiments. PRA is implemented by transversely shifting the detection fiber from the on-axis position to five off-axis positions, capturing cross-sectional images at each shifting step of the detection fiber and digitally reassigning them together to give a sharper image with moderately extended depth of focus and enhanced intensity. So, we believe that the PRA technique will improve the imaging performance and be beneficial to the development of the OCT community.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 17
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    A Real-Time Restraint Method for Range Walk Error in 3-D Imaging Lidar Via Dual Detection (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-31
    Description: Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) offers 3D imaging lidar much better capability in terms of detection sensitivity. However, a range walk error (RWE) exists in Gm-APDs which refers to the fluctuation of the measured distance as a function of the intensity of echo pulses. In this paper, we present a real-time restraint method for RWE implemented by unequally intensity-dividing the echo pulses into two Gm-APDs. The difference image of two depth images measured by the divided beams is a matrix of RWE distribution and the intensity image is used to censor the anomalous pixels in the matrix. Combined with the matrix of RWE distribution, an accurate depth image with low RWE can be obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces approximately 86% RWE of the conventional method in real time.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 18
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    Phase Fluctuation Cancellation for Uplink Radar Arrays Based on Passive Frequency Mixing (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-31
    Description: Precise time-difference detections among different radars in uplink radar arrays require ultrastable phase transfer in bidirectional analog optical fiber links. We propose and demonstrate a scheme based on passive frequency mixing to satisfy this requirement in which two continue wave (CW) radio frequency (RF) signals after passing through double-path of the transport fiber are utilized for dynamic phase fluctuation cancellation in uplink and downlink, respectively. Our scheme has the capabilities on stable phase transfers for both CW and pulsed RF signals. Experimental results show that the phase stability improvements in uplink and downlink are greater than a factor of 30 and a factor of 20 for 2.4-GHz RF signals over a 2-h measurement period along 25-km single mode fiber.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 19
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    Microdisk Resonator With Negative Thermal Optical Coefficient Polymer for Refractive Index Sensing With Thermal Stability (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-31
    Description: In this paper, we propose a microdisk resonator with negative thermal optical coefficient (TOC) polymer for refractive index (RI) sensing with thermal stability. The transmission characteristics and sensing performances by using quasi-TE 01 and quasi-TM 01 modes are simulated by a three-dimensional finite element method. The influences of the TOC, RI, and thickness of the polymer on the sensing performances are also investigated. The simulation results show that the RI sensitivity S n and temperature sensitivity S T with different polymers are in the ranges of 25.1–26 nm/RIU and 67.3–75.2 pm/K for the quasi-TE 01 mode, and 94.5–110.6 nm/RIU and 1.2–51.3 pm/K for the quasi-TM 01 mode, respectively. Moreover, figure-of-merit of the temperature sensing for the quasi-TM 01 mode is in the range of 2 × 10 −4 –8 × 10 –3 , which can find important application in the implementation of the adiabatic devices.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 20
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    Localized Airy Wave Packets in a Self-Defocusing Kerr Medium (2018)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-31
    Description: Families of vortex-like and Gaussian-like localized Airy wave packets, propagating in a self-defocusing Kerr medium, are discovered. Their propagation is described by the cylindrical Korteweg–de Vries (CKdV) equation, reduced from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation by utilizing the reductive perturbation technique. The CKdV equation is solved using the Hirota bilinear method to obtain analytical Airy wave packet families of different order. In particular, we focus on the distribution of optical intensity via numerical simulations of the Airy wave packet solutions, obtained for different initial phases and amplitudes, at given propagation distances. In distinction to the usual ring solitons, the Airy wave packets display a novel internal structure, which reveals novel nonlinear phenomena during the propagation of packets.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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