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  • Articles  (85)
  • 2015-2019  (85)
  • 2017  (34)
  • 2015  (51)
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  • Articles  (85)
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  • 2015-2019  (85)
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  • 1
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    Acknowledgement to referees (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-14
    Print ISSN: 2190-572X
    Electronic ISSN: 2190-5738
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 2
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    Cloning and characterization of WRKY gene homologs in Chieh-qua ( Benincasa hispida Cogn. var. Chieh-qua How) and their expression in response to fusaric acid treatment (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-14
    Description: The WRKY transcription factors play an important role in plant resistance for biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we cloned 10 WRKY gene homologs ( CqWRKY ) in Chieh-qua ( Benincasa hispida Cogn. var. Chieh - qua ) using the rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) or homology-based cloning methods. We characterized the structure of these CqWRKY genes. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences with cucumber homologs suggested possible structural conservation of these genes among cucurbit crops. We examined the expression levels of these genes in response to fusaric acid (FA) treatment between resistant and susceptible Chieh-qua lines with quantitative real-time PCR. All genes could be upregulated upon FA treatment, but four CqWRKY genes exhibited differential expression between resistant and susceptible lines before and after FA application. CqWRKY31 seemed to be a positive regulator while CqWRKY1 , CqWRKY23 and CqWRKY53 were negative regulators of fusaric resistance. This is the first report of characterization of WRKY family genes in Chieh-qua. The results may also be useful in breeding Chieh-qua for Fusarium wilt resistance.
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    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 3
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    Effect of glucose and olive oil as potential carbon sources on production of PHAs copolymer and tercopolymer by Bacillus cereus FA11 (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-14
    Description: In this study, the influence of different physicochemical parameters on the yield of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) produced by Bacillus cereus FA11 is investigated. The physicochemical factors include pH, temperature, time, inoculum size and its age, agitation speed and composition of the glucose rich peptone deficient (GRPD) medium. During two-stage fermentation, B. cereus FA11 produced a significantly high ( p  〈 0.05) yield (80.59% w/w) of PHAs copolymer using GRPD medium containing glucose (15 g/L) and peptone (2 g/L) at pH 7, 30 °C and 150 rpm after 48 h of incubation. On the other hand, the presence of olive oil (1% v/v) and peptone (2 g/L) in the GRPD medium resulted in biosynthesis of tercopolymer during two-stage fermentation and the yield of tercopolymer was 60.31% (w/w). The purified PHAs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton resonance magnetic analysis. Proton resonance magnetic analysis confirmed that the tercopolymer was comprised of three different monomeric subunits, i.e., 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate and 6-hydroxyhexanoate.
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    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 4
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    Bioflocculation potentials of a uronic acid-containing glycoprotein produced by Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 isolated from Tyhume River, South Africa (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-13
    Description: Bioflocculants are secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms during their growth which have received attentions due to their biodegradability, innocuousness and lack of secondary pollution from degradation intermediates. This study reports on a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus specie isolated from Thyume River in South Africa. The bacterial isolate was identified through 16S rDNA sequencing and the BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed 99% similarity to Bacillus sp. BCT-7112. The sequence was subsequently deposited in the GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 with accession number KP406729. The optimum culture conditions for bioflocculant production were an inoculum size 4% (v/v) (80%) and starch (81%) as well as yeast extract (82%) as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Addition of Ca 2+ greatly enhanced the flocculating activity (76%) of crude bioflocculant over a wide range of pH 4–10 and retained high flocculating activity when heated at 100 °C for 1 h. Chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed carbohydrate (79% w/w) as a predominant component followed by uronic acid (15% w/w) and protein (5% w/w). Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups as the functional groups responsible for flocculation and the high flocculation activity achieved portends its industrial applicability.
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    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 5
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    Sources of β -galactosidase and its applications in food industry (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-13
    Description: The enzyme β -galactosidases have been isolated from various sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, vegetables, and recombinant sources. This enzyme holds importance due to its wide applications in food industries to manufacture lactose-hydrolyzed products for lactose-intolerant people and the formation of glycosylated products. Absorption of undigested lactose in small intestine requires the activity of this enzyme; hence, the deficiency of this enzyme leads to lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance affects around 70% of world’s adult population, while the prevalence rate of lactose intolerance is 60% in Pakistan. β -Galactosidases are not only used to manufacture lactose-free products but also employed to treat whey, and used in prebiotics. This review focuses on various sources of β -galactosidase and highlights the importance of β -galactosidases in food industries.
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    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
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    Nanochitosan supports growth of Zea mays and also maintains soil health following growth (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-13
    Description: The present study evaluated the effect of nanochitosan in combination with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), PS2 and PS10 on maize growth. The PGPR were earlier recognized as Bacillus spp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. The observation revealed enhanced plant health parameters like seed germination (from 60 to 96.97%), plant height (1.5-fold increase), and leaf area (twofold). Variability in different physicochemical parameters (pH, oxidizable organic carbon, available phosphorous, available potassium, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) was observed. Activities of soil health indicator enzymes (dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase) were also enhanced 2 to 3 fold. Plant metabolites with respect to different treatments were also analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and the result revealed an increase in the amounts of alcohols, acid ester and aldehyde compounds. Increase in organic acids indicates increased stress tolerance mechanism operating in maize plant after treatment of nanochitosan.
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    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 7
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    EST-SSR marker revealed effective over biochemical and morphological scepticism towards identification of specific turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) cultivars (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-13
    Description: Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L., family Zingiberaceae) is one of the most economically important plants for its use in food, medicine, and cosmetic industries. Cultivar identification is a major constraint in turmeric, owing to high degree of morphological similarity that in turn, affects its commercialization. The present study addresses this constraint, using EST-SSR marker based, molecular identification of 8 elite cultivars and 88 accessions in turmeric. Fifty EST-SSR primers were screened against eight cultivars of turmeric (Suroma, Roma, Lakadong, Megha, Alleppey Supreme, Kedaram, Pratibha, and Suvarna); out of which 11 primers showed polymorphic banding pattern. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of these primers ranged from 0.13 to 0.48. However, only three SSR loci (CSSR 14, CSSR 15, and CSSR 18) gave reproducible unique banding pattern clearly distinguishing the cultivars ‘Lakadong’ and ‘Suvarna’ from other cultivars tested. These three unique SSR markers also proved to be effective in identification of ‘Lakadong’ cultivars when analysed with 88 accessions of turmeric collected from different agro-climatic regions. Furthermore, two identified cultivars (Lakadong and Suvarna) could also be precisely differentiated when analysed and based on phylogenetic tree, with other 94 genotypes of turmeric. The novel SSR markers can be used for identification and authentication of two commercially important turmeric cultivars ‘Lakadong’ and ‘Suvarna’.
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    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 8
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    Identification and characterization of a grain micronutrient-related OsFRO2 rice gene ortholog from micronutrient-rich little millet ( Panicum sumatrense ) (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-13
    Description: Minor millets are considered as nutrient-rich cereals having significant effect in improving human health. In this study, a rice ortholog of Ferric Chelate Reductase ( FRO2 ) gene involved in plant metal uptake has been identified in iron-rich Little millet (LM) using PCR and next generation sequencing-based strategy. FRO2 gene-specific primers designed from rice genome amplified 2.7 Kb fragment in LM genotype RLM-37. Computational genomics analyses of the sequenced amplicon showed high level sequence similarity with rice Os FRO2 gene. The predicted gene structure showed the presence of 6 exons and 5 introns and its protein sequence was found to contain ferric reductase and NOX_Duox_Like_FAD_NADP domains. Further, 3D structure analysis of FCR-LM model protein (494 amino acids) shows that it has 18 helices, 10 beta sheets, 10 strands, 41 beta turn and 5 gamma turn with slight deviation from the FCR-Os structure. Besides, the structures of FCR-LM and FCR-Os were modelled followed by molecular dynamics simulations. The overall study revealed both sequence and structural similarity between the identified gene and OsFRO2 . Thus, a putative ferric chelate reductase gene has been identified in LM paving the way for using this approach for identification of orthologs of other metal genes from millets. This also facilitates mining of effective alleles of known genes for improvement of staple crops like rice.
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    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 9
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    Assessment of genetic diversity of sesame accessions collected from different ecological regions using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-13
    Description: Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among a collection of 52 sesame accessions representing different geographical environments, including eight Saudi landraces. A combination of seventeen primers generated a high number of alleles (365) with 100% polymorphism. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and primer discrimination power (DP) recorded overall means of 0.88 and 5.88, respectively. Genetic similarity values based on Jaccard coefficients ranged from 0.12 to 0.49, with an average similarity value of 0.30, indicating both high genetic distance and a wide genetic basis of the investigated accessions. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped 48 of 52 accessions into seven main clusters, and five accessions failed to form clusters and were separated individually. However, subclusters separated the accessions and, considering the relatedness of accessions and their geographical origin, formed distinct diversity among groups. Saudi landraces showed the widest genetic basis compared with other introduced accessions that were distributed throughout the dendrogram, indicating that agro-ecological zones were indistinguishable by cluster analysis. SRAP analysis revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism in sesame accessions investigated and showed weak association between geographical origin and SRAP patterns. This wide genetic variability should be considered for sesame breeding programs.
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  • 10
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    Analysis of genetic structure and interrelationships in lentil species using morphological and SSR markers (2017)
    SpringerOpen
    In: 3 Biotech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-13
    Description: Genetic structure and relationships of 130 lentil accessions belonging to six taxa were analysed. For this purpose, seven morphological traits and 31 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used for this purpose. Morphological traits grouped lentil accessions into five main clusters. SSR primers collectively amplified 139 polymorphic alleles in a range of 2–10 with an average of 4.48 alleles. The size of amplified alleles varied from 50 to 650 bp. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.02 to 0.85 with an average of 0.46. Neighbour-joining tree grouped accessions broadly according to their taxonomic ranks, except L. culinaris ssp. odemensis . Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that a major portion (82.0%) of genetic variance resided within species, while only 18% resided among species. Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis assigned all accessions into five clusters and showed some admixture within individuals. Cluster analysis showed that cultivated Lens accessions of Ethiopian origin clustered separately, from other cultivated accessions indicating its distinct lineage. Among the analysed lentil species, L. culinaris ssp. odemensis seemed to have conserved genetic background and needs revision of its taxonomic status. Results of present study provide important information on genetic diversity and relationships among different wild and cultivated taxa of lentil. Thus, these results can be useful in designing breeding strategies for future improvement and taxonomic implications in lentil.
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