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  • 2010-2014  (99)
  • 2014  (99)
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  • 2010-2014  (99)
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  • 1
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    Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-titanium tungstophosphate; Its analytical applications for sorption of Cs + , Co 2+ , and Eu 3+ from waste solutions (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Crystalline phases of polyaniline-titanium tungstophosphate composite material were synthesized via sol-gel procedure by incorporating the organic polymer polyaniline into the matrix of an inorganic precipitate of titanium tungstophosphate. The physicochemical properties of this hybrid material were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, CHN elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. According to the data obtained, the chemical formula of polyaniline-titanium tungstophosphate can be presented as [(WO 3 )(TiO 2 ) 4 (H 3 PO 4 ) 3 + (-C 6 H 4 NH-)]·8H 2 O. The material shows monofunctional ion-exchange characteristic and exhibits enhanced resistance to HNO 3 , HCl, and alkaline media. The ion-exchange capacity of polyaniline-titanium tungstophosphate for Cs + , Co 2+ , and Eu 3+ ions was found to be 3.63, 1.55, and 1.30 mg-equiv g −1 , respectively, exceeding the ion-exchange capacity of other composite and inorganic ion exchangers. The material was found to be highly selective to Eu3+, with the following selectivity series: Eu 3+ 〉 Cs + 〉 Co 2+ . The thermodynamic functions (Δ G 0 , Δ S 0 , and Δ H 0 ) of the adsorption of Cs + , Co 2+ , and Eu 3+ ions onto polyaniline-titanium tungstophosphate were calculated. They show that the overall adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
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    Preparation and preclinical evaluation of 99m Tc-diclofenac as a model for inflammation imaging (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Experiments on labeling of diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, with 99 m Tc were performed. High (about 96%) yield of 99 m Tc-diclofenac is reached under the following conditions: 50 μg of Sn(II), 100 μg of the substrate, 30 min, pH 7. 99 m Tc-diclofenac was stable for 4 h. Biological distribution of 99 m Tc-diclofenac was investigated in mice bearing inflammations experimentally induced in the left thigh by Escherichia coli (bacterial infection model) and turpentine oil (sterile inflammation model). The uptake ratio in the inflamed and contralateral thighs (target-to-nontarget, T/NT) was evaluated. In the case of bacterial infection, the T/NT ratio only slightly exceeds unity, whereas in the case of sterile inflammation it reaches 4.46 ± 0.07 in 2 h. Thus, 99 m Tc-diclofenac allows differentiation between septic and aseptic inflammation and can be recommended for further clinical trials.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
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    Regional flow and transport simulation of liquid radioactive waste disposal at the Siberian chemical combine for long- and super-long-term postinjection periods (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Regional groundwater flow and transport models were substantiated for the site of underground disposal of liquid radioactive waste from the Siberian Chemical Combine. The migration of a neutral component and two radionuclides ( 90 Sr and U) in groundwaters was predicted for the long-(1000 years) and super-long-term (10 000 years) periods using the microdispersion and macrodispersion approaches. A local model-insert of the lithological and hydraulic heterogeneity was developed for substantiating the macrodispersion parameters. The simulation results show that, during the long-term period, the contaminated waters will be mainly localized within the injection zone (below buffer horizon IV), and during the super-long-term period about 90% of the total amount of neutral wastes will be discharged into the drainage network, whereas uranium will be fully retained within the disposal site.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
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    State of uranium in glassy-crystalline materials for immobilization of radioactive slag (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: The valence state and local surrounding of uranium atoms in glassy-crystalline materials intended for immobilization of slag from a furnace for radioactive waste (RW) incineration and prepared by fusion of simulated slag with addition of sodium disilicate or tetraborate were determined by analysis of the spectra of X-ray L 3 -absorption edge fine structure (XAFS) in the near-edge (XANES) and extended (EXAFS) ranges. The averaged valence and coordination number of the uranium atoms are superpositions of the corresponding values for the coexisting phases.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
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    Amides of heterocyclic carboxylic acids as novel extractants for high-level waste treatment (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Extraction properties of various heterocyclic carboxylic acid amides are considered. The extraction properties of heterocyclic dicarboxylic acid diamides are determined by two major factors: diamide structure and kind of diluent. Among heterocyclic (di)carboxylic acid amides and diamides, the most promising extractants for separating actinides and lanthanides are tri- and tetradentate extractants: diamides of dipicolinic, bipyridinedicarboxylic, and phenanthrolinedicarboxylic acids, which can be used for recovering metals from acid solutions.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
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    Sorption of strontium and yttrium radionuclides from aqueous solutions onto layered double hydroxides of various compositions (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: New experimental results and published data on sorption of strontium and yttrium radionuclides from aqueous solutions onto layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of various compositions are summarized. The effect of double-charged (Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ ) and triple-charged (Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Nd 3+ ) cations incorporated in the LDH matrix and of anions incorporated in LDH (CO 3 2− , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , OH − , Cl − , C 2 O 4 2− , H 2 EDTA 2− ) on the physicochemical properties of this class of compounds, including the ability to sorb strontium and yttrium radionuclides, is examined.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
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    Preliminary studies of dynamic regimes in the extraction-scrubbing groups of units of the experimental and demonstration center (EDC) using mathematical modeling (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: The plutonium accumulation in the extraction-scrubbing cascade in the course of reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel from water-cooled water-moderated energy reactors (WWER) via the combined flowsheet of the RT-1 plant of Mayak production association and via the flowsheet of the Experimental and Demonstration Center (EDC) of the Mining and Chemical Combine, with transformation of the scrubbing section into a zirconium stripping unit, was compared using a dynamic model of extraction processes. The limiting level by which the productive capacity can be increased without emergencies is ∼15% for RT-1 and 22% for EDC. In the latter case, the accumulation with the potential discharge of a part of Pu into the Zr strip occurs in the third stage of the Zr stripping unit, which is confirmed by rig trials and can be detected in practice by neutron control method because of the absence of Am and Cm. Complete recovery of Zr without its accumulation in the extraction section can be ensured by its coextraction with the Cr(VI) anion fed as a separate small stream. Stopping this stream leads to a reversible decrease in the Zr recovery and to a sharp increase in the entrainment of aqueous microemulsion containing 137 Cs. This fact confirms the assumption that the Zr extraction in the cascade in the presence of U and at increased HNO 3 concentration has micellar character [without Cr(VI)].
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
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    Leaching of borosilicate glasses containing simulated high-level waste in solutions of hydrogen peroxide as a substance simulating radiolysis products (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Experiments on leaching of borosilicate glass samples containing 10, 15, and 20 wt % simulated high-level waste (HLW) were performed at 20 and 90°C in hydrogen peroxide solutions. H 2 O 2 was used as a substance simulating products of underground water radiolysis. The leach rates and diffusion coefficients of the glass components were determined. The character and extent of the effect of the varied experimental parameters on the characteristics being determined were evaluated by correlation analysis. The presence of hydrogen peroxide in the contact solution enhances the chemical durability of borosilicate glasses.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
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    Modern problems of safe disposal of liquid radioactive waste in geological formations: Radiation-chemical transformations and generation of gases (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Problems of the technology of liquid radioactive waste disposal into geological formations, of radiation-thermal transformations of waste components, and of safe operation of disposal sites are discussed. The variation with time of the waste activity and temperature near the borehole shaft, and also chemical transformations of waste components, leading to the generation of gases, are described using mathematical modeling. The whole set of the data obtained confirm that the safety of deep waste disposal sites operated in accordance with the modern regulations is quire satisfactory.
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  • 10
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    Effect of extranuclear factors on the probability of the $$^{121m_2 } Te \to ^{121m_1 } Te$$ radioactive decay (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: The nuclear isomer \(^{121m_2 } Te\) was synthesized at a cyclotron by the ( d ,2 n ) reaction and then incorporated into the MgO ceramic. This γ-ray source was stored either at 78 or at 298 K. The measured γ-radiation intensity ratio, R = (Φ 573 keV /Φ 212 keV ), at 78 K appeared to be higher by a factor of 1.0012 ± 0.0002 than at 298 K. The temperature dependence of R is caused by the low-temperature increase in the “constant” λ 2 of the \(^{121m_2 } Te \to ^{121m_1 } Te\) decay by the internal conversion mechanism, equal to Δλ 2 /λ 2 = (0.07 ± 0.02)%. The same increase in the decay constant due to induced γ-ray emission, \(^{121m_2 } Te + hv (81.79 keV) \to ^{121m_1 } Te + 2hv (81.79 keV)\) , will be reached if both the size of the \(^{121m_2 } Te\) source and the \(^{121m_2 } Te\) concentration in it will be increased by 3 orders of magnitude, i.e., the total \(^{121m_2 } Te\) activity should be increased by 6 orders of magnitude.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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