Summary
During MIZEX'83 and MIZEX'84 food composition and food uptake by three Calanus species were investigated in the northern Greenland Sea. Samples were obtained from open water, the marginal ice zone, the pack ice region and the East Greenland shelf polynya. Food uptake of Calanus spp. was determined in ship-board incubation experiments under in situ conditions and volume of particulate matter in the upper 300 m of the water column was measured. Principal components analysis was used for data evaluation. Under the pack ice strongly reduced amounts of particulate matter in the euphotic zone were found while concentrations were elevated in the marginal ice zone and the East Greenland shelf polynya. Food uptake of C. finmarchicus was correlated to food concentration. In the pack ice region ingestion was close to zero for all species investigated. Likewise body weights were significantly lower than in MIZ or polynya. Principal components analysis of physical data shows a clustering of MIZ station groups at high temperature and salinity, clearly separated from pack ice and polynya stations. Analysis of biological data results in the same grouping of stations demonstrating a strong influence of hydrographic conditions on plankton development. It is concluded that herbivorous copepods cannot sustain themselves in the pack ice region but only at places of high productivity like marginal ice zone and East Greenland shelf polynya.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander V, Niebauer HJ (1981) Oceanography of the eastern Bering Sea ice-edge zone in spring. Limnol Oceanogr 26:1111–1125
Bamstedt U, Tande KS (1985) Respiration and excretion rates of Calanus glacialis in arctic waters of the Barents Sea. Mar Biol 87:259–266
Barthel K-G (1986) Die Stellung dominanter Copepoden-Arten im Nahrungsgefüge typischer Wasserkörper der Grönland-See. Ber Inst Meereskd Kiel 158:1–107
Barthel K-G (1988) Feeding of three Calanus species on different phytoplankton assemblages in the Greenland Sea. Meeresforschung 32:92–106
Bohrer RN, Hirche H-J (1985) Egg production by Calanus finmarchicus in relation to the marginal ice zone in the Fram Strait. EOS Transactions, Am Geophys Union 66:1279
Bolms G (1986) Zur Verteilung des Mikrozooplanktons in der Framstrasse zwischen Grönland und Spitzbergen. Diplom thesis, University Kiel; 135pp
Coachman LK, Aagaard K (1974) Physical oceanography of arctic and subarctic seas. In: Herman K (ed) Marine geology and oceanography of the arctic seas. Springer, New York, pp 1–72
Dawson JK (1978) Vertical distribution of Calanus hyperboreus in the central Arctic Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 23:950–957
Diel S (1989) Zur Lebensgeschichte dominanter Copepodenarten (Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, Metridia longa) in der Framstrasse. Dissertation, University Kiel, 140pp
Frost BW (1972) Effects of size and concentration of food particles on the feeding behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Calanus pacificus. Limnol Oceanogr 17:805–815
Gradinger R (1986) Die Phytoplanktonverteilung in der Framstrasse zwischen Grönland und Spitzbergen. Diplom thesis, University Kiel, 94pp
Grainger EH (1965) Zooplankton from the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Canadian waters. J Fish Res Board Can 22:543–564
Heimdal BR (1983) Phytoplankton and nutrients in the waters northwest of Spitsbergen in the autumn of 1979. J Plankton Res 5:901–918
Hirche H-J (1989) Spatial distribution of digestive enzyme activities of Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus in Fram Strait/Greenland Sea. J Plankton Res 11:431–443
Hirche H-J, Bohrer RN (1987) Reproduction of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis in Fram Strait. Mar Biol 94:11–17
Ikeda T (1985) Metabolic rates of epipelagic marine Zooplankton as a function of body mass and temperature. Mar Biol 85:1–11
Jaschnov WA (1970) Distribution of Calanus species in the seas of the northern hemisphere. Int Rev Ges Hydrobiol 55:197–212
Knickmeier K (1989) Bestimmung der Freβrate arktischer Copepoden mittels der Magenfluoseszenz-Methode. Diplom thesis, University Kiel, 82pp
MacLellan DC (1967) The annual cycle of certain calanoid species in West Greenland. Can J Zool 45:101–115
Niebauer HJ, Alexander V (1985) Oceanographic frontal structure and biological production at an ice edge. Cont Shelf Res 4:367–388
Paquette RG, Bourke RH, Newton JF, Perdue WF (1985) The East Greenland polar front in autumn. J Geophys Res 90:4866–4882
Parsons TR, LeBrasseur RJ, Fulton JD (1967) Some observations on the dependence of zooplankton grazing on the cell size and concentration of phytoplankton blooms. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 23:10–17
Peruyeva YG (1984) A comparison of the feeding of two abundant copepods of the White Sea. Oceanology 24:613–617
Rey F, Loeng H (1985) The influence of ice and hydrographic conditions on the development of phytoplankton in the Barents Sea. In: Gray JS, Christiansen ME (eds) Marine biology of polar regions and effects of stress on marine organisms. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp 49–63
Sachs L (1984) Angewandte Statistik, 6. Aufl. Springer, Berlin, 552pp
Schandelmeier L, Alexander V (1981) An analysis of the influence of ice on spring phytoplankton population structure in the southeast Bering Sea. Limnol Oceanogr 26:935–943
Schnack SB, Smetacek V, Bodungen B von, Stegmann P (1985) Utilization of phytoplankton by copepods in Antarctic waters during spring. In: Gray JS, Christiansen ME (eds) Marine biology of polar regions and effects of stress on marine organisms. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp 65–81
Slagstad D (1985) A model of phytoplankton in the marginal sea-ice zone of the Barents Sea. In: Gray JS, Christiansen ME (eds) Marine biology of polar regions and effects of stress on marine organisms. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp 35–48
Smith SL (1988) Copepods in Fram Strait in summer: distribution, feeding and metabolism. J Mar Res 46:145–181
Smith WO, Nelson DM (1985) Phytoplankton bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial coherence with the density field. Science 227:163–166
Smith SL, Smith WO, Codispoti LA, Wilson DL (1985) Biological observations in the marginal ice zone of the East Greenland Sea. J Mar Res 43:693–717
Smith WO, Baumann MEM, Wilson DL, Aletsee L (1987) Phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the marginal ice zone of the Fram Strait during summer 1984. J Geophys Res 92:6777–6786
Spies A (1987) Phytoplankton in the marginal ice zone in the Greenland Sea during summer, 1984. Polar Biol 7:195–205
Tande KS, Båmstedt U (1985) Grazing rates of the copepods Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in arctic waters of the Barents Sea. Mar Biol 87:251–258
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barthel, KG. Relationships of food uptake and body components of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus to particulate matter and water characteristics in Fram Strait. Polar Biol 10, 343–350 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00237821
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00237821