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Dual-labelling (15N and 33P) provides insights into stoichiometry and release of nitrogen and phosphorus from in situ mature lupin and canola below-ground residues

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Abstract

Background and aims

Belowground (BG) residues may contribute significant amounts of N and P via nutrient cycling to following crops, particularly in low fertiliser input systems or where all the above-ground residues are removed. Reports of simultaneous measures of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release from mature crop residues, especially from intact root systems in situ, are rare. A single stem-feed of 15N followed by 33P was used to (i) estimate total amounts of N and P accumulated in situ BG by mature canola and lupin plants including the stoichiometry of N and P in recovered and non-recovered components of these BG residues, and ii) simultaneously trace and quantify the relative release of that N and P.

Methods

One set of pots were destructively sampled at lupin and canola maturity to quantify total accumulation of BG P and BG N, including estimated N and P in unrecovered roots plus root-derived materials (RD N and RD P). Shoots were removed from a second set of pots into which wheat was sown after a 3 weeks fallow. Release of P and N from the decomposing in situ 33P/15N labelled lupin and canola BG residues was assessed as uptake in 5 weeks old wheat.

Results

Canola root had higher P and lower N concentrations than lupin. Canola total BG P was greater than lupin with a higher proportion as estimated RD P. Estimated RD N was similar in both species but lupin had more N in roots and so higher total BG N. C:P ratio of lupin roots was 708:1 and 188:1 for canola. Root C:N ratio was 39:1 for canola and 24:1 for lupin. N:P ratio for lupin roots was wider (29:1) than canola (5:1), but N:P ratio of RD fractions was similar (6:1 canola; 7:1 lupin). Proportion of BG P released and taken up by wheat was 21% after canola and 19% after lupin, and since total amount of BG P was much greater for canola the quantity of P released was double that after lupin. Proportion of lupin BG N (37%) released was similar to that for canola BG N (33%) although a larger amount of N was released from lupin given the larger BG N pool.

Conclusion

The proportion of P and N released from in situ BG residues of mature canola and lupin and taken up by wheat in this short term study was broadly inversely related to C:P, C:N and N:P ratio of recovered roots but results suggest a likely influence also of N:P ratio of the unrecovered BG residues. Quantities of N and P released were a function of the estimated total amount of plant N and P accumulated in situ BG.

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Acknowledgments

The University of Adelaide provided an Australian Postgraduate Scholarship and the Grains Research and Development Corporation provided top up funding (GRS10026) to support this research. This work contributes to outputs in GRDC project UA00119. CSIRO provided access to radioisotope laboratory facilities and a field site for soil collection. Mike McLaughlin provided valuable advice regarding 33P measurement and analysis. Leanne Lisle at University of New England undertook the 15N analysis.

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  1. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide and The Waite Research Institute, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia

    Foyjunnessa, Ann McNeill, Ashlea Doolette & Sean Mason

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Foyjunnessa, McNeill, A., Doolette, A. et al. Dual-labelling (15N and 33P) provides insights into stoichiometry and release of nitrogen and phosphorus from in situ mature lupin and canola below-ground residues. Plant Soil 426, 77–93 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3621-x

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