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Röntgen-Phasenkontrast

Grundlagen, Potenzial und Fortschritte in der klinischen Translation

X‑ray Phase Contrast

Principles, potential and advances in clinical translation

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Zusammenfassung

Vor mehr als 100 Jahren entdeckte Max von Laue in München, dass Röntgenstrahlung nicht nur als Röntgenquanten im Teilchenbild interpretiert werden kann, sondern ebenso einen Wellencharakter aufweist. Diese Eigenschaft wird mittlerweile auch schon lange in der Grundlagenforschung eingesetzt (z. B. in der Kristallographie zur Strukturbestimmung von Proteinen), hatte bisher jedoch keine Anwendung in der medizinischen Bildgebung. In den letzten 10 Jahren allerdings konnten in der vorklinischen Forschung sehr große technologische Fortschritte erzielt werden, die eine Nutzung dieses Wellencharakters von Röntgenlicht auch für die medizinische Bildgebung möglich machen. Diese neuartigen Radiographie-Verfahren, die sog. Phasenkontrast- und Dunkelfeldbildgebung, bergen ein großes Potenzial für eine deutliche Verbesserung der Röntgenbildgebung und somit auch der Diagnose von wichtigen Krankheiten. Dieser Artikel zeigt die Grundprinzipien dieser neuen Verfahren auf, fasst exemplarisch die bereits erreichten vorklinischen Forschungsergebnisse an verschiedenen Organen zusammen und zeigt das Potenzial für die zukünftige klinische Nutzung in Radiographie und Computertomographie auf.

Abstract

More than 100 years ago Max von Laue in Munich discovered that X‑rays can be interpreted not only as X‑ray quanta in a particle picture, but also show a wave character. This property has been used for a long time in basic research (e.g. in crystallography for determining the structure of proteins), but so far has had no application in medical imaging. In the last 10 years, however, very impressive technological progress could be made in preclinical research, which also makes the utilization of the wave character of X‑ray light possible for medical imaging. These novel radiography procedures, so-called phase-contrast and dark-field imaging, have a great potential for a pronounced improvement in X‑ray imaging and therefore, also the diagnosis of important diseases. This article describes the basic principles of these novel procedures, summarizes the preclinical research results already achieved exemplified by various organs and shows the potential for future clinical utilization in radiography and computed tomography.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Department Physik & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland

    F. Pfeiffer

  2. Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland

    F. Pfeiffer & E. Rummeny

  3. Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland

    M. Reiser

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Correspondence to F. Pfeiffer.

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Interessenkonflikt

F. Pfeiffer, M. Reiser und E. Rummeny geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Pfeiffer, F., Reiser, M. & Rummeny, E. Röntgen-Phasenkontrast. Radiologe 58, 218–225 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-018-0357-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-018-0357-9

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