Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Vertical and horizontal distribution of zooplankton and polar cod in southern Baffin Bay (66–71°N) in September 2009

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polar Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Zooplankton are the link connecting primary producers to higher trophic levels, and knowing their distribution and community is important for predicting the distribution of predator species, like fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. However, data from open Arctic oceans are still scarce. In autumn, tens of millions of the planktivorous little auks (Alle alle) (about 75 % of the world’s population) and millions of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) pass through the Baffin Bay. To investigate their potential food sources, we investigated the spatial and vertical distribution of zooplankton and small fishes in the upper 500 m of southern Baffin Bay in September 2009. The zooplankton community was dominated by copepods (55 % of abundance in the upper 500 m), primarily of the genus Calanus. Other important zooplankton taxa included Limacina helicina, Chaetognatha, and Cirripedia nauplii. On the Greenland Shelf, most Calanus were late copepodite stages and most were found at the depths of >200 m, suggesting they were in diapause. On the Canadian Shelf, there were relatively more Calanus in the near-surface layers, which were probably still actively feeding and which were available to visual predators such as seabirds and fish. The acoustic survey showed the highest density of polar cod Boreogadus saida in the upper 50 m on the western part of the Greenland Shelf. A particularly high biomass of both zooplankton and polar cod was found in the central part of the basin in association with a local relatively shallow area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajiad AM, Gjøsæter H (1990) Diet of polar cod, Boreogadus saida, in the Barents Sea related to fish size and geographical distribution. ICES CM 1990/G: 48

  • AMSA (2009) Arctic marine shipping assessment report. In: Ellis B, Brigham L (eds) Arctic Council, April 2009, second printing (PAME)

  • Ashjian CJ, Campbell RG, Welch HE et al (2003) Annual cycle in abundance, distribution, and size in relation to hydrography of important copepod species in the western Arctic Ocean. Deep Sea Res Part I Oceanogr Res Pap 50:1235–1261. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00129-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auel H, Werner I (2003) Feeding, respiration and life history of the hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula in the Arctic marginal ice zone of the Greenland Sea. J Exp Mar Bio Ecol 296:183–197

  • Benoit D, Simard Y, Fortier L (2008) Hydroacoustic detection of large winter aggregations of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) at depth in ice-covered Franklin Bay (Beaufort Sea). J Geophys Res 113:C06S90. doi:10.1029/2007JC004276

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergstrøm B, Vilhjalmarsson H (2008) Cruise report and preliminary results of the acoustic/pelagic trawl survey off West Greenland for capelin and polar cod 2005. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk

    Google Scholar 

  • Boertmann D, Mosbech A (2011) Eastern Baffin Bay: a strategic environmental impact assessment of hydrocarbon activities. DCE scientific report no. 9, DCE—Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus University, Roskilde, p 270

  • Boertmann D, Lyngs P, Merkel FR, Mosbech A (2004) The significance of Southwest Greenland as winter quarters for seabirds. Bird Conserv Int 14:87–112. doi:10.1017/S0959270904000127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradstreet MSW, Cross WE (1982) Trophic relationships at high Arctic ice edges. Arctic 35:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Brey T, Müller-Wiegmann C, Zittier Z, Hagen W (2010) Body composition in aquatic organisms—A global data bank of relationships between mass, elemental composition and energy content. J Sea Res 64:334–340

  • Buch E, Pedersen S, Ribergaard M (2004) Ecosystem variability in West Greenland waters. J Northwest Atl Fish Sci 34:13–28

  • Buchanan RA, Sekerak AD (1982) Vertical distribution of zooplankton in Eastern Lancaster Sound and Western Baffin Bay, July–October 1978. Arctic 35:41–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavalieri DJ, Parkinson CL (2012) Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010. Cryosphere 6:881–889. doi:10.5194/tc-6-881-2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conover RJ (1988) Comparative life histories in the genera Calanus and Neocalanus in high latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Hydrobiologia 167–168:127–142. doi:10.1007/BF00026299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conover RJ, Lalli CM (1974) Feeding and growth in Clione limacina (Phipps), a pteropod mollusc. II. Assimilation, metabolism, and growth efficiency. J Exp Mar Bio Ecol 16:131–154. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(74)90016-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig PC, Griffiths WB, Haldorson L, McElderry H (1982) Ecological studies of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39:395–406. doi:10.1139/f82-057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford R, Jorgenson J (1996) Quantitative studies of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) schools: important energy stores in the Arctic food web. Arctic 49:181–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daase M, Eiane K, Aksnes DL, Vogedes D (2008) Vertical distribution of Calanus spp. and Metridia longa at four Arctic locations. Mar Biol Res 4:193–207. doi:10.1080/17451000801907948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale K, Falk-Petersen S, Hop H, Fevolden S-E (2006) Population dynamics and body composition of the Arctic hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula in Svalbard fjords. Polar Biol 29:1063–1070. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0150-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalpadado P (2002) Inter-specific variation in distribution, abundance and possible life cycle patterns of Themisto spp. (Amphipoda) in the Barents Sea. Polar Biol 25:656–666

  • Dvoretsky VG, Dvoretsky AG (2011) Copepod communities off Franz Josef Land (Northern Barents Sea) in late summer of 2006 and 2007. Polar Biol 34:1231–1238. doi:10.1007/s00300-011-0977-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk-Petersen I-B, Frivoll V, Gulliksen B, Haug T (1986) Occurrence and size/age relations of polar cod, Boreogadus Saida (Lepechin), in Spitsbergen coastal waters. Sarsia 71:235–245. doi:10.1080/00364827.1986.10419693

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk-Petersen S, Sargent JR, Tande KS (1987) Lipid composition of zooplankton in relation to the sub-arctic food web. Polar Biol 8:115–120. doi:10.1007/BF00297065

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falk-Petersen S, Pavlov V, Timofeev S, Sargent JR (2007) Arctic alpine ecosystems and people in a changing environment. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-48514-8

  • Falk-Petersen S, Mayzaud P, Kattner G, Sargent JR (2009) Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus. Mar Biol Res 5:18–39. doi:10.1080/17451000802512267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finley KJ, Bradstreet MSW, Miller GW (1990) Summer feeding ecology of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in relation to arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Canadian high arctic. Polar Biol 10:609–618. doi:10.1007/BF00239372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fort J, Moe B, Strøm H et al (2013) Multicolony tracking reveals potential threats to little auks wintering in the North Atlantic from marine pollution and shrinking sea ice cover. Divers Distrib 19:1322–1332. doi:10.1111/ddi.12105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallienne C, Robins D (2001) Is Oithona the most important copepod in the world’s oceans? J Plankton Res 23:1421–1432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gannefors C, Böer M, Kattner G et al (2005) The Arctic sea butterfly Limacina helicina: lipids and life strategy. Mar Biol 147:169–177. doi:10.1007/s00227-004-1544-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaston AJ, Hipfner JM (2000) Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia). In: Poole A, Gill F (eds) The birds of North America 497. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia

  • Gjøsæter J (1995) Recruitment of the Barents Sea capelin 1951-1961. ICES CM 1972/H:24

  • Gjøsæter H, Ajiad AM (1994) Growth of polar cod, Boreogadus saida (Lepechin), in the Barents Sea. ICES J Mar Sci 51:115–120. doi:10.1006/jmsc.1994.1011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grenvald JC, Nielsen TG, Hjorth M (2013) Effects of pyrene exposure and temperature on early development of two co-existing Arctic copepods. Ecotoxicology 22:184–198. doi:10.1007/s10646-012-1016-y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagen W, Auel H (2001) Seasonal adaptations and the role of lipids in oceanic zooplankton. Zoology 104:313–326. doi:10.1078/0944-2006-00037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haq SM (1963) Physiology of Metrida lucens and M. longa from the Gulf of Maine. Limnol Oceanogr 12:40–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding AMA, Egevang C, Walkusz W et al (2009) Estimating prey capture rates of a planktivorous seabird, the little auk (Alle alle), using diet, diving behaviour, and energy consumption. Polar Biol 32:785–796. doi:10.1007/s00300-009-0581-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hays G (1995) Ontogenetic and seasonal variation in the diel vertical migration of the copepods Metridia lucens and Metridia longa. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1461–1465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hays G (2003) A review of the adaptive significance and ecosystem consequences of zooplankton diel vertical migrations. Migr Dispersal Mar Org 503:163–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Head EJ, Harris L, Yashayaev I (2003) Distributions of Calanus spp. and other mesozooplankton in the Labrador Sea in relation to hydrography in spring and summer (1995–2000). Prog Oceanogr 59:1–30. doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(03)00111-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Head EJH, Melle W, Pepin P et al (2013) On the ecology of Calanus finmarchicus in the Subarctic North Atlantic: a comparison of population dynamics and environmental conditions in areas of the Labrador Sea-Labrador/Newfoundland Shelf and Norwegian Sea Atlantic and Coastal Waters. Prog Oceanogr 114:46–63. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.05.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen M, Jung-Madsen S, Nielsen T et al (2012) Effects of temperature and food availability on feeding and egg production of Calanus hyperboreus from Disko Bay, western Greenland. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 447:109–126. doi:10.3354/meps09421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirche H, Mumm N (1992) Distribution of dominant copepods in the Nansen Basin, Arctic Ocean, in summer. Deep Sea Res 39:485–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland DM, Thomas RH, de Young B et al (2008) Acceleration of Jakobshavn Isbræ triggered by warm subsurface ocean waters. Nat Geosci 1:659–664. doi:10.1038/ngeo316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hop H, Tonn WM, Welch HE (1997) Bioenergetics of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) at low temperatures. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 54:1772–1784. doi:10.1139/f97-086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins CCE, Tande KS, Grønvik S, Sargent JR (1984) Ecological investigations of the zooplankton community of balsfjorden, Northern Norway: an analysis of growth and overwintering tactics in relation to niche and environment in Metridia longa (Lubbock), Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus), Thysanoessa inermis. J Exp Mar Bio Ecol 82:77–99. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(84)90140-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huntley M, Strong K, Dengler A (1983) Dynamics and community structure of zooplankton in the Davis Strait and Northern Labrador Sea. Arctic 36:143–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda T, Mitchell AW (1982) Oxygen uptake, ammonia excretion and phosphate excretion by krill and other Antarctic zooplankton in relation to their body size and chemical composition. Mar Biol 71:283–298

  • Jakobsson M, Mayer L, Coakley B et al (2012) The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 30. Geophys Res Lett. doi:10.1029/2012GL052219

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen T, Ugland KI, Anstensrud M (1991) Aspects of growth in Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1773). Polar Res 10:547–552. doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.1991.tb00672.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karnovsky NJ, Kwasniewski S, Weslawski JM et al (2003) Foraging behavior of little auks in a heterogeneous environment. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 253:289–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karnovsky N, Harding A, Walkusz W et al (2010) Foraging distributions of little auks Alle alle across the Greenland Sea: implications of present and future Arctic climate change. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 415:283–293. doi:10.3354/meps08749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitaysky AS, Golubova EG (2000) Climate change causes contrasting trends in reproductive performance of planktivorous and piscivorous alcids. J Anim Ecol 69:248–262. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00392.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kjellerup S, Dünweber M, Swalethorp R et al (2012) Effects of a future warmer ocean on the coexisting copepods Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis in Disko Bay, western Greenland. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 447:87–108. doi:10.3354/meps09551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein Breteler WCM (1982) The life stages of four pelagic copepods (Copepoda: Calanoida), illustrated by a series of photographs. Publication series, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

  • Kosobokova K (1999) The reproductive cycle and life history of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis in the White Sea. Polar Biol 22:254–263

  • Kraft A, Berge J, Varpe Ø, Falk-Petersen S (2013) Feeding in Arctic darkness: mid-winter diet of the pelagic amphipods Themisto abyssorum and T. libellula. Mar Biol 160:241–248. doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2065-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laidre K, Heide-Jørgensen M, Heagerty P et al (2010) Spatial associations between large baleen whales and their prey in West Greenland. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 402:269–284. doi:10.3354/meps08423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lalli CM, Gilmer RW (1989) Pelagic snails: the biology of the holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California

  • Lee R, Hagen W, Kattner G (2006) Lipid storage in marine zooplankton. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 307:273–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindley JA, Robins DB, Williams R (1999) Dry weight carbon and nitrogen content of some euphausiids from the north Atlantic Ocean and the Celtic Sea. J Plankton Res 21:2052–2066

  • Longhurst A, Sameoto D, Herman A (1984) Vertical distribution of Arctic zooplankton in summer: Eastern Canadian archipelago. J Plankton Res 6:137–168. doi:10.1093/plankt/6.1.137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry LF, Frost KJ (1981) Distribution, growth, and foods of arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. Can Field-Nat 95:186–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen SD, Nielsenl TG, Hansen BW (2001) Annual population development and production by Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in Disko Bay, western Greenland. Mar Biol 139:75–93. doi:10.1007/s002270100552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matley J, Fisk A, Dick T (2012) Seabird predation on Arctic cod during summer in the Canadian Arctic. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 450:219–228. doi:10.3354/meps09561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melle W, Skjoldal H (1998) Reproduction and development of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in the Barents Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 169:211–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Møller E, Nielsen T (2000) Plankton community structure and carbon cycling off the western coast of Greenland, with emphasis on sources of DOM for the bacterial community. Aquat Microb Ecol 22:13–25. doi:10.3354/ame022013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Møller EF, Nielsen TG, Richardson K (2006) The zooplankton community in the Greenland Sea: composition and role in carbon turnover. Deep Sea Res Part I Oceanogr Res Pap 53:76–93. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2005.09.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montevecchi WA, Stenhouse IJ (2002) Dovekie Alle alle. In: Poole A and Gill F (eds) The birds of North America 71. The Birds of North America Inc., Philadelphia, PA

  • Mosbech A, Boertmann D, Jespersen M (2007) Strategic environmental impact assessment of hydrocarbon activities in the Disko West area. NERI Technical Report No. 618, National Environmental Research Institute, Roskilde, p 187

  • Motyka RJ, Truffer M, Fahnestock M et al (2011) Submarine melting of the 1985 Jakobshavn Isbrae floating tongue and the triggering of the current retreat. J Geophys Res Earth Surf. doi:10.1029/2009JF001632

    Google Scholar 

  • Munk P, Hansen B, Nielsen TG, Thomsen HA (2003) Changes in plankton and fish larvae communities across hydrographic fronts off West Greenland. J Plankton Res 25:815–830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noyon M, Gasparini S, Mayzaud P (2009) Feeding of Themisto libellula (amphipoda crustacea) on natural copepod assemblages in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Polar Biol 32:1559–1570

  • Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Wagner H (2011) Vegan: community ecology package. R package version 1.17-7

  • Paranjape MA (1987) Grazing by microzooplankton in the Eastern Canadian arctic in summer 1983. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 40:239–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavshtiks EA (1968) The influence of currents upon seasonal fluctuations in the plankton of the Davis Strait. Sarsia 34:383–392. doi:10.1080/00364827.1968.10413399

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen T, Fossheim M (2008) Diet of 0-group stages of capelin (Mallotus villosus), herring (Clupea harengus) and cod (Gadus morhua) during spring and summer in the Barents Sea. Mar Biol 153:1037–1046. doi:10.1007/s00227-007-0875-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen SA, Ribergaard MH, Simonsen CS (2005) Micro- and mesozooplankton in Southwest Greenland waters in relation to environmental factors. J Mar Syst 56:85–112

  • Planque B, Batten S (2000) Calanus finmarchicus in the North Atlantic: the year of Calanus in the context of interdecadal change. ICES J Mar Sci 57:1528–1535. doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Provencher J, Gaston A, O’Hara P, Gilchrist H (2012) Seabird diet indicates changing Arctic marine communities in Eastern Canada. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 454:171–182. doi:10.3354/meps09299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team (2012) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/

  • Renaud PE, Berge J, Varpe Ø et al (2011) Is the poleward expansion by Atlantic cod and haddock threatening native polar cod, Boreogadus saida? Polar Biol 35:401–412. doi:10.1007/s00300-011-1085-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ringuette M, Fortier L, Fortier M et al (2002) Advanced recruitment and accelerated population development in Arctic calanoid copepods of the North Water. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr 49:5081–5099. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00179-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sameoto DD (1984) Vertical distribution of zooplankton biomass and species in Northeastern Baffin Bay related to temperature and salinity. Polar Biol 2:213–224. doi:10.1007/BF00263627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen CS, Munk P, Folkvord A, Pedersen SA (2006) Feeding ecology of Greenland halibut and sandeel larvae off West Greenland. Mar Biol 149:937–952. doi:10.1007/s00227-005-0172-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) (2007) Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, 2007. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  • Svensen C, Seuthe L, Vasilyeva Y et al (2011) Progress in Oceanography Zooplankton distribution across Fram Strait in autumn: are small copepods and protozooplankton important? Prog Oceanogr 91:534–544. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swalethorp R, Kjellerup S, Dünweber M et al (2011) Grazing, egg production, and biochemical evidence of differences in the life strategies of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in Disko Bay, western Greenland. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 429:125–144. doi:10.3354/meps09065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaragina NA, Aglen A, Sokolov KM (2011) Cod. In: Jakobsen T, Ozhigin VK (eds) The Barents Sea ecosystem, resources, management: half a century of Russian-Norwegian cooperation. Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim, pp 225–270

  • Yoshida T, Toda T, Kuwahara V et al (2004) Rapid response to changing light environments of the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus. Mar Biol 145:505–513. doi:10.1007/s00227-004-1343-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, Government of Greenland. Sanne Kjellerup was partly supported by the Greenland Climate Research Centre through the project 6505 to Torkel Gissel Nielsen. We thank the captain and the crew of R/V Bjarni Sæmundsson, Marine Research Institute (MRI), Reykjavik, Iceland, for skillful assistance during the cruise. We thank Torkel Gissel Nielsen (DTU Aqua) for helpful advice and for providing the Multinet, Sigurdur Jonsson and Björn Sigurdarson (MRI) for running the CTD, Sigga Jonsson and Birgit Søborg (AU) for providing laboratory equipment and facilities, and Andrew Wright for linguistic improvements of the manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Doris Schiedek

    Present address: Dong Energy and Wind Power, Copenhagen, Denmark

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark

    Sanne Kjellerup, Michael Dünweber, Eva Friis Møller, Doris Schiedek, Frank Rigét, Kasper Lambert Johansen & Anders Mosbech

  2. Section for Oceanography and Climate, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, DTU Aqua, Kavalergården 6, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark

    Sanne Kjellerup

  3. Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland

    Sanne Kjellerup

  4. Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark

    Eva Friis Møller, Frank Rigét & Anders Mosbech

  5. Marine Research Institute, Skulagata 4, 105, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Gudmundur J. Oskarsson

Authors
  1. Sanne Kjellerup
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael Dünweber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Eva Friis Møller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Doris Schiedek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gudmundur J. Oskarsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Frank Rigét
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kasper Lambert Johansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Anders Mosbech
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anders Mosbech.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kjellerup, S., Dünweber, M., Møller, E.F. et al. Vertical and horizontal distribution of zooplankton and polar cod in southern Baffin Bay (66–71°N) in September 2009. Polar Biol 38, 699–718 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1633-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1633-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation