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Soil evolution and subalpine ecosystem changes in the French Alps inferred from geochemical analysis of lacustrine sediments

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Abstract

This study aimed to reconstruct the history of soil development, ecosystem changes and associated erosional processes in a small mountain lacustrine basin at the decennial to millennial scale. Geochemical proxies of soil evolution were analysed in the Holocene lacustrine sediments and peats from Thyl Lake, Maurienne Valley, French Alps. Podzolization and chemical weathering processes were assessed using secondary Al- and Fe-bearing phases together with major and Rare Earth Elements (REE). The resulting proxy records, spanning ca. 4,400 years between 8.6 and 4.2 cal ka BP, indicate that progressive pedogenesis occurred after deglaciation in a relatively stable subalpine ecosystem. As shown by the associated increase in Al- and Fe-bearing phases and some REE fractions, the establishment of a mixed cembra pine ecosystem from ca. 7.2–6.5 ka BP was associated with enhanced podzolisation processes in the catchment. The progressive soil development was followed by a rapid transformation of the local environment and plant cover (the open waters of the lake were replaced by a confined peat environment) together with changes in forest fire regimes from ca. 6.8 ka BP. Depleted REE patterns, associated with low contents of secondary Al and Fe, suggest a decrease in chemical weathering and podzolization in the catchment at that time, possibly associated with local intensification of weathering and drainage processes in a relatively acidic peat environment. The higher variability of cembra pine and the increased abundance of sedge and other herbaceous plant remains in the lake sediment indicate semi-open vegetation environments from 5.7 cal ka BP onwards. Whereas fire events and plant cover appear to be significantly related, the soil processes seem primarily linked to vegetation composition, and secondarily to changes in fire regime.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support to C.C. was provided by the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU-CNRS, France), through the national programme ECCO, and by grants to B.M. from the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, France. We acknowledge Aurélie Genries, Pierre Faivre and Aurélien Van Welden for many valuable ideas and comments on this work and thank two anonymous reviewers. We thank Jean-Claude Druart (INRA Thônon) for analysing the diatoms. We are also indebted to Adam Ali, Sarah Ivorra and Boris Vannière for their field assistance. M.S.N. Carpenter edited the English style.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire CARRTEL (UMR 42 INRA), Université de Savoie, 73376, Le Bourget du Lac, France

    Brice Mourier & Jerome Poulenard

  2. Centre for Bio-Archaeology and Ecology (UMR 5059 CNRS), Université de Montpellier 2, Institut de Botanique, 34090, Montpellier, France

    Brice Mourier & Christopher Carcaillet

  3. Paleoenvironments and Chronoecology (PALECO), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Institut de Botanique, 34090, Montpellier, France

    Christopher Carcaillet

  4. CEREGE (UMR 6635 CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille 3, Europôle Méditerranéen de l’Arbois, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en Provence cedex 04, France

    David Williamson

  5. IRD, UMR LOCEAN, ICRAF, United Nation avenue, P.O. BOX 33 677, Nairobi, Kenya

    David Williamson

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  1. Brice Mourier
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Correspondence to Brice Mourier.

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Mourier, B., Poulenard, J., Carcaillet, C. et al. Soil evolution and subalpine ecosystem changes in the French Alps inferred from geochemical analysis of lacustrine sediments. J Paleolimnol 44, 571–587 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-010-9438-0

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