Concerted Activity of IgG1 Antibodies and IL-4/IL-25-Dependent Effector Cells Trap Helminth Larvae in the Tissues following Vaccination with Defined Secreted Antigens, Providing Sterile Immunity to Challenge Infection
Fig 2
HES vaccination promotes extensive myeloid cell extravasation and accumulation around site of larval invasion.
A. H&E staining of duodenal sections from naïve and d 7 post-challenge PBS control or HES-immunized C57BL/6 mice. Arrows indicate position of parasites. B. Immunohistology showing recruitment of CD11b+ (green) and Gr1+ (red) myeloid cells. Representative of 3–4 mice per group. Scale bar in A-B represents 100 μm. C. Rolling velocities of LysM-GFP+ cells along vessels imaged by two-photon microscopy of duodenum from the serosal aspect. Data accumulated from two mice per group, 3–7 vessels per mouse. Vessels were selected on basis of showing rolling behaviour. Significance determined by Kruskal-Wallis test. D. Tissue infiltration of LysM-GFP+ cells surrounding vessels in (C). Significance determined by t-test. E, F. Examples of two-photon microscopy from (D) showing tissue-infiltrating LysM-GFP+ cells in PBS- and HES-vaccinated mice. Scale bar represents 50μm. See also Supplemental Movie S1.