Concerted Activity of IgG1 Antibodies and IL-4/IL-25-Dependent Effector Cells Trap Helminth Larvae in the Tissues following Vaccination with Defined Secreted Antigens, Providing Sterile Immunity to Challenge Infection
Fig 1
HES vaccination elicits sterile immunity to challenge and blocks parasite maturation.
A. Schematic protocol for immunization. B. Parasite recoveries d 28 post-challenge following vaccination of C57BL/6 females with HES or somatic extract (HEx). Data shown are combined from two experiments each of 4–5 mice per group. Significance determined by ANOVA. C. Faecal egg counts (d 14, 21, 28 post-challenge) from (B). Significance determined by ANOVA. D. Parasite recoveries at d 7 (small intestinal wall) and 14 post-challenge (gut lumen). Representative of two independent experiments. Significance determined by t-test. E. H&E sections of duodenum in control and vaccinated animals at d9 post challenge; parasites in control animals are observed in gut lumen, but remain trapped in submucosa of vaccinated mice. Black circles indicate positions of parasite. Scale bar represents 100 μm.