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Air-sea fluxes: 25 years of progress

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Abstract

During the past quarter century the study of air-sea interaction has evolved from a small branch of marine climatology to play a key role in the modelling of the coupled system of ocean and atmosphere. Knowledge of air- sea fluxes has grown, based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for surface boundary layers and on direct and indirect techniques of measuring the fluxes. This has been the basis for providing boundary conditions needed to couple atmospheric and oceanic circulation models that are used to forecast weather and climate. An overview of current understanding is followed by a discussion of parameterisation schemes and a chronicle of some of the experimental work that has tested theories and quantified their conclusions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, B2Y 4A2, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Stuart D. Smith

  2. NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory, 80303, Boulder, CO, USA

    Christopher W. Fairall

  3. Department of Emissions and Air Pollution, National Environmental Research Institute, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark

    Gerald L. Geernaert

  4. Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Kiel, D24105, Kiel, Germany

    Lutz Hasse

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Smith, S.D., Fairall, C.W., Geernaert, G.L. et al. Air-sea fluxes: 25 years of progress. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 78, 247–290 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120938

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