Abstract
Press-in open caisson method, which sinks into soil with the aid of mechanical pressure without excavation, is becoming an important method of construction in extremely soft foundations. However, many engineering problems are prone to occur in the construction of caissons, such as sinking and large deformation. In this study, the stratigraphic response model, such as soil migration during the press-in process of open caisson, is focused on. Through model tests of soil and caissons, the migration patterns of each part of the soil were carried out, and the mechanism underlying the stratigraphic response pattern was investigated. The three primary conclusions are as follows: 1) The bottom edge foot of caisson produces lateral extrusion on surrounding soil in the range of 10 cm (20%H) below, resulting in lateral movement of soil. 2) two kinds of plug, i.e., “wedged” and “unwedged” plugs exist, and the driven forces for the soil migration can be divided into three stages, i.e., caused by soil plug with active arch, by soil plug with passive arch and caused by soil squeezing effect. 3) there is a significant linear correlation between the soil plug changes, the horizontal movement of the deep soil body, and the displacement of the surface uplift. The soil plugging effect and squeezing effect are interacted and enhanced with each other. This study provides a new understanding of the stratigraphic response in the construction of press-in open caissons, and guides safety control of open caissons construction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Soudani WH, Albusoda BS (2020) An experimental study on bearing capacity of steel open ended pipe pile with exterior wings under compression load. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01559-0
Allenby D, Kilburn D (2015) Overview of underpinning and caisson shaft-sinking techniques. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers — Geotechnical Engineering 168(1):3–15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.13.00117
Allenby D, Waley G Kilburn D (2009) Examples of open caisson sinking in Scotland. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers — Geotechnical Engineering 162(1):59–70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.2009.162.1.59
Brucy F, Meunier J, Nauroy JF (1991) Behavior of pile plug in sandy soils during and after driving. Paper presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4043/6514-MS
Carter JP, Booker JR, Yeung SK (1986) Cavity expansion in cohesive fictional soils. Géotechnique 36(3):349–358, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1986.36.3.349
Chavda JT, Mishra S, Dodagoudar GR (2020) Experimental evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity of the cutting edge of an open caisson. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 20(5): 281–294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.18.00052
d’Arezzo FB, Haigh S, Talesnick M, Ishihara Y (2015) Measuring horizontal stresses during jacked pile installation. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers — Geotechnical Engineering 168(4): 306–318, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.14.00069
Das BM (2009) Principles of geotechnical engineering, 7th Edition. Stamford, USA: Cengage learning
Doherty P, Gavin K (2011) Shaft capacity of open-ended piles in clay. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 137(11): 1090–1102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000528
Fattah MY, Al-Soudani WHS (2016) Bearing capacity of open-ended pipe piles with restricted soil plug. Ships and Offshore Structures 11(5):501–516, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2015.1030247
Hara T, Yashima A, Sawada K, Kariya K, Tsuji H, Soga N (2019) Small-diameter vertical shafts constructed in the shallow space of steep mountainous areas. Underground Space 4(3):235–250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2018.10.005
Heitz C (2006) Bodengewölbe unter ruhender und nichtruhender Belastung bei Berücksichtigung von Bewehrungseinlagen aus Geogittern. Kassel University Press GmbH
Igoe DJP, Gavin KG, O’Kelly BC (2011) Shaft capacity of open-ended piles in sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 137(10):903–913, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000511
Jiang B-N, Wang M-T, Chen T, Zhang L-L, Ma J-L (2019) Experimental study on the migration regularity of sand outside a large, deep-water, open caisson during sinking. Ocean Engineering 193:106601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106601
Ko J, Jeong S, Lee JK (2016) Large deformation FE analysis of driven steel pipe piles with soil plugging. Computers and Geotechnics 71: 82–97, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.08.005
Koteras AK, Ibsen LB (2018) Medium-scale laboratory model of mono-bucket foundation for installation tests in sand. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56(8):1142–1153, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0134
Kumara JJ, Kikuchi Y, Kurashina T (2016) Effects of the lateral stress on the inner frictional resistance of pipe piles driven into sand. International Journal of Geo-Engineering 7(1):1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-016-0015-x
Lehane BM, Gavin KG (2001) Base resistance of jacked pipe piles in sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 127(6):473–480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:6(473)
Li L, Wu W, Hesham El Naggar M, Mei G, Liang R (2019) DEM analysis of the sand plug behavior during the installation process of open-ended pile. Computers and Geotechnics 109:23–33, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.014
Li L, Wu W, Liu H, Lehane B (2021) DEM analysis of the plugging effect of open-ended pile during the installation process. Ocean Engineering 220:108375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108375
Liu J, Guo Z, Han B (2019) Load transfer of offshore open-ended pipe piles considering the effect of soil plugging. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7(9):313, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090313
Liu C, Tang X, Wei H, Zhao H (2022) Visualization investigation of the plugging effect on open-ended pipe pile jacked in transparent sand. International Journal of Geomechanics 22(10):04022176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002455
Meyerhof GG (1961) Compaction of sands and bearing capacity of piles. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 126(1):1292–1322, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0008099
Nonveiller E (1987) Open caissons for deep foundations. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 113(5):424–439, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1987)113:5(424)
Paik K, Salgado R, Lee J, Kim B (2003) Behavior of open- and closed-ended piles driven into sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 129(4):296–306, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:4(296)
Paikowsky SG (1989) A static evaluation of soil plug behavior with application to the pile plugging problem. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://hdl.handle.net/172L1/103189
Paikowsky SG, Whitman RV, Baligh MM (1989) A new look at the phenomenon of offshore pile plugging. Marine Geotechnology 8(3): 213–230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198909379869
Randolph MF, Carter JP, Wroth CP (1979) Driven piles in clay—the effects of installation and subsequent consolidation. Güotechnique 29(4):361–393, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.4.361
Randolph MF, Leong EC, Houlsby GT (1991) One-dimensional analysis of soil plugs in pipe piles. Géotechnique 41(4):587–598, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1991.41.4.587
Royston R, Sheil BB, Byrne BW (2020) Monitoring the construction of a large-diameter caisson in sand. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers — Geotechnical Engineering 1–17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.19.00266
Salgado R, Mitchell JK, Jamiolkowski M (1997) Cavity expansion and penetration resistance in sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 123(4):344–354, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:4(344)
Tanimoto K, Takahashi S (1994) Design and construction of caisson breakwaters — the Japanese experience. Coastal Engineering 22(1): 57–77, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(94)90048-5
Vesić Aleksandar S (1972) Expansion of cavities in infinite soil mass. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 98(3):265–290, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001740
Wang H, Ge Y, Shi L (2017) Technologies in deep and ultra-deep well drilling: Present status, challenges and future trend in the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020). Natural Gas Industry B 4(5):319–326, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ngib.2017.09.001
Wang T, Zhang Y, Bao X, Wu X (2020) Mechanisms of soil plug formation of open-ended jacked pipe pile in clay. Computers and Geotechnics 118:103334, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103334
Yi Q, Liao S, Zhu J, Xu W (2020) Effect of soil plugging during press-in caisson sinking in soft ground. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science) 54(7):1380–1389, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.07.017
Yu HS, Houlsby GT (1991) Finite cavity expansion in dilatant soils: Loading analysis. Géotechnique 41(2):173–183, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1991.41.2.173
Zheng J-H, Qi C-G, Zhao X, Wang X-Q, Shan Y-L (2020) Experimental simulation on open-ended pipe pile penetration using transparent granule. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24(8):2281–2292, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1235-3
Zhou H, Liu H, Yuan J (2018) A novel analytical approach for predicting the noncylindrical pile penetration-induced soil displacement in undrained soil by combining use of cavity expansion and strain path methods. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 42(11):1270–1305, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2790
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52090082), Jinhua Science and Technology Planning Project (Grant No. 20193027).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Liu, M., Liao, S. et al. Investigation on the Stratigraphic Response and Plugging Effect Induced by Press-In Open Caisson in Mucky Soil. KSCE J Civ Eng 27, 1928–1941 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0294-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0294-7