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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-03-07
    Description: Establishing a sediment budget in the newly created “Kleine Noordwaard” wetland area in the Rhine–Meuse delta Eveline Christien van der Deijl, Marcel van der Perk, and Hans Middelkoop Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 187-201, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-187-2018, 2018 To study the effectiveness of river delta restoration, we used field observations and elevation data to quantify the magnitude and spatial patterns of aggradation and erosion in a restored wetland in the Rhine-Meuse delta. Erosion and aggradation rates decrease over time, but aggradation compensates for sea-level rise and soil subsidence. Channels in the centre had aggraded, whereas the inlet and outlet eroded. Furthermore, sediment is in general uniformly distributed over the intertidal area.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: U–Th and 10 Be constraints on sediment recycling in proglacial settings, Lago Buenos Aires, Patagonia Antoine Cogez, Frédéric Herman, Éric Pelt, Thierry Reuschlé, Gilles Morvan, Christopher M. Darvill, Kevin P. Norton, Marcus Christl, Lena Märki, and François Chabaux Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 121-140, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-121-2018, 2018 Sediments produced by glaciers are transported by rivers and wind toward the ocean. During their journey, these sediments are weathered, and we know that this has an impact on climate. One key factor is time, but the duration of this journey is largely unknown. We were able to measure the average time that sediment spends only in the glacial area. This time is 100–200 kyr, which is long and allows a lot of processes to act on sediments during their journey.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Clay mineralogy, strontium and neodymium isotope ratios in the sediments of two High Arctic catchments (Svalbard) Ruth S. Hindshaw, Nicholas J. Tosca, Alexander M. Piotrowski, and Edward T. Tipper Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 141-161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-141-2018, 2018 For many applications in Earth sciences it is important to know where river and ocean sediments have originated. In this study we used geochemical and mineralogical tracers to characterise sediments from Svalbard. We find that the sediments are formed from two sources: old rocks in Greenland and younger rocks in Siberia. Glaciation influences how much of each end-member is present in the river sediments today, implying that the sediment composition can change through time as the climate changes.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: How to explain variations in sea cliff erosion rates? Insights from a literature synthesis Mélody Prémaillon, Vincent Regard, Thomas J. B. Dewez, and Yves Auda Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-12,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 0 comments) Coastal erosion is of major concern for society, our study focus on rocky coast whose evolution remains poorly understood. We use the increasing number of erosion-related data and compiled it for better understanding how and how much rocky coasts erode. We found that rock resistance explain in first order erosion rates whereas influence of climate and sea is secondary. Weak rock coasts loose in median 23 meters per century, about ten times more than hard rock coasts.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Effect of changing vegetation on denudation (part 1): Predicted vegetation composition and cover over the last 21 thousand years along the Coastal Cordillera of Chile Christian Werner, Manuel Schmid, Todd A. Ehlers, Juan Pablo Fuentes-Espoz, Jörg Steinkamp, Matthew Forrest, Johan Liakka, Antonio Maldonado, and Thomas Hickler Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-14,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 0 comments) Vegetation is crucial for modulating rates of denudation and landscape evolution, and is directly influenced by climate conditions and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Using transient climate data and a state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation model we simulate the vegetation composition and cover from the Last Glacial Maximum to present along the Coastal Cordillera of Chile. In part 2 we assess the landscape response to transient climate and vegetation cover using a landscape evolution model.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Effect of changing vegetation on denudation (part 2): Landscape response to transient climate and vegetation cover Manuel Schmid, Todd A. Ehlers, Christian Werner, Thomas Hickler, and Juan-Pablo Fuentes-Espoz Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-13,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 1 comment) We present a numerial modelling investigation into the interactions between transient climate and vegetation cover with hillslope and fluvial processes. We use a state-of-art landscape evolution model library (Landlab) and designed model experiments to investigate the effect of climate change and associated changes in surface vegetation cover on main basin metrics. This paper is a companion paper to Part 1 (this journal) which investigates the effect of climate change to surface vegetation cover.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Alluvial cover controlling the width, slope and sinuosity of bedrock channels Jens Martin Turowski Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 29-48, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-29-2018, 2018 Bedrock channels are a key component of mountainous landscapes. Here, a new model of the steady-state morphology, including channel width, slope and sinuosity, is derived from process physics considerations. The model compares favourably to observed scaling relations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Statistical modeling of the long-range dependent structure of barrier island framework geology and surface geomorphology Bradley A. Weymer, Phillipe Wernette, Mark E. Everett, and Chris Houser Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-5,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 0 comments) This research presents a new method for quantifying the geologic controls on modern barrier island evolution. We used statistical time series analysis to evaluate the scale-dependent vs. scale-independent behavior of a barrier island in south Texas, USA. By integrating subsurface geophysical with surface geomorphological measurements we show that the island exhibits both free, and forced evolutionary behavior that has important implications for how the island may respond to rising sea levels.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Temporal variability in detrital 10 Be concentrations in large Himalayan catchments Elizabeth H. Dingle, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikael Attal, Ángel Rodés, and Vimal Singh Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2017-73,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 3 comments) Accurately quantifying sediment fluxes in large rivers draining tectonically active landscapes is complicated by the stochastic nature of sediment inputs. Cosmogenic 10 Be concentrations measured in modern river sands have been used to estimate 10 2 –10 4 year sediment fluxes in these types of catchments, where upstream drainage areas are often in excess of 10,000 km 2 . It is commonly assumed that within large catchments, the effects of stochastic sediment inputs are buffered such that 10 Be concentrations at the catchment outlet are relatively stable in time. We present eighteen new 10 Be concentrations of modern river and dated Holocene terrace and floodplain deposits from the Ganga River near to the Himalayan mountain front. We demonstrate that 10 Be concentrations measured in modern Ganga River sediments display a notable degree of variability, with concentrations ranging between ~ 9,000–19,000 atoms g −1 . We propose that this observed variability is driven by two factors. Firstly, by the nature of stochastic inputs of sediment (e.g. the dominant erosional process, surface production rates, depth of landsliding, degree of mixing) and, secondly, by the evacuation timescale of individual sediment deposits which buffer their impact on catchment-averaged concentrations. Despite intensification of the Indian Summer Monsoon and subsequent doubling of sediment delivery to the Bay of Bengal at ~ 11–7 ka, we also find that Holocene sediment 10 Be concentrations documented at the Ganga outlet have remained within the error of modern river concentrations. We demonstrate that in these systems, sediment flux cannot be simply approximated by converting detrital concentration into mean erosion rates and multiplying by catchment area as it is possible to generate considerably larger volumetric sediment fluxes whilst maintaining comparable average 10 Be concentrations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Tectonic controls of Holocene erosion in a glaciated orogen Byron A. Adams and Todd A. Ehlers Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-9,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 0 comments) Recent work has highlighted a strong, worldwide, glacial impact of orogen erosion rates over the last 2 Ma. While it may be assumed that glaciers increased erosion rates when active, the degree to which past glaciations influence Holocene erosion rates through the adjustment of topography is not known. In this study, we investigate the influence of long-term tectonic and post-glacial topographic controls on erosion in a glaciated orogen, the Olympic Mountains, USA. We present 14 new 10 Be and 26 Al analyses which constrain Holocene erosion rates across the Olympic Mountains. Basin-averaged erosion rates scale with basin-averaged values of 5-km local relief, channel steepness, and hillslope angle throughout the range, similar to observations from non-glaciated orogens. These erosion rates are not related to mean annual precipitation or the marked change in Pleistocene alpine glacier size across the range, implying that glacier modification of topography and modern precipitation parameters do not exert strong controls on these rates. Rather, we find that despite intense spatial variations in glacial modification of topography, patterns of recent erosion are similar to those from estimates of long-term tectonic rock uplift. This is consistent with a tectonic model where erosion and rock uplift patterns are controlled by the deformation of the Cascadia subduction zone.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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