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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Weakened Subtropical Westerlies Reduced Early Spring Precipitation in the Southeast Tibetan Plateau
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 36, No. 13 ( 2023-07-01), p. 4363-4373
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 13 ( 2023-07-01), p. 4363-4373
    Abstract: The Southeast Tibetan Plateau (SETP) is a major region where many low-latitude glaciers are located, with spring precipitation being a major input of the glacier mass balance. This study shows that early spring precipitation has decreased significantly since 1999, which is attributed to declined moisture contribution from the far-field sources (west of 70°E) induced by the weakened subtropical westerlies. The possible physical mechanism underlying this change has also been revealed. It is found that snow-cover extent (SCE) in March reduced in midlatitude Eurasia after 1999; meanwhile, strong solar radiation during this month may have exacerbated snow melting through snow albedo–radiation interactions. These two processes led to warming and caused a strong anticyclone over midlatitude Eurasia that weakened the subtropical westerlies near 30°N. This decadal change in the subtropical westerlies led to a decrease in moisture transport upstream. As a result, the windward slopes of large terrain along the latitudinal belt near 30°N received less precipitation, and the decrease in SETP precipitation was part of this change. A further analysis shows that the positive correlation between the westerlies and precipitation has weakened since 1999. Significance Statement The purpose of this study is to reveal the decreased early spring precipitation and explore its possible physical mechanism in the Southeast Tibetan Plateau (SETP), which is crucial to understand the shrinkage of the local glacier. Our results indicate that the reduction of snow cover in midlatitude Eurasia since 1999 and the strong solar radiation in March contributed to the weakening subtropical westerlies, which further resulted in the decreasing precipitation in the SETP and other windward slopes of large terrain along the latitudinal 30°N belt in Eurasia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0770.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0770.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    European Hot Summers Associated with a Reduction of Cloudiness
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 10 ( 2012-05-15), p. 3637-3644
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 10 ( 2012-05-15), p. 3637-3644
    Abstract: A pronounced summer warming is observed in Europe since the 1980s that has been accompanied by an increase in the occurrence of heat waves. Water deficit that strongly reduces surface latent cooling is a widely accepted explanation for the causes of hot summers. The authors show that the variance of European summer temperature is partly explained by changes in summer cloudiness. Using observation-based products of climate variables, satellite-derived cloud cover, and radiation products, the authors show that, during the 1984–2007 period, Europe has become less cloudy (except northeastern Europe) and the regions east of Europe have become cloudier in summer daytime. In response, the summer temperatures increased in the areas of total cloud cover decrease and stalled or declined in the areas of cloud cover increase. Trends in the surface shortwave radiation are generally positive (negative) in the regions with summer warming (cooling or stalled warming), whereas the signs of trends in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflected shortwave radiation are reversed. The authors’ results suggest that total cloud cover is either the important local factor influencing the summer temperature changes in Europe or a major indicator of these changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00040.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improved Li + Storage through Homogeneous N‐Doping within Highly Branched Tubular Graphitic Foam
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Advanced Materials Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2017-02)
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2017-02)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0935-9648 , 1521-4095
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.v29.6
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603692
    RVK:
    UA 1538
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474949-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Photoluminescence and radiation damage in W, Mg, Ca doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Crystal Research and Technology Vol. 46, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 470-474
    Details
    In: Crystal Research and Technology, Wiley, Vol. 46, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 470-474
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0232-1300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/crat.201000654
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480828-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Daily NDVI Relationship to Cloud Cover
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2007-03-01), p. 377-387
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2007-03-01), p. 377-387
    Abstract: A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) cloud index (NCI) was derived from Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) daily NDVI data and compared with observed cloud amounts and a sunshine duration–cloud index (SCI) over an area of diverse land cover. Ground observations from 120 meteorological stations were significantly related to the daily NCI and the SCI, with R2 values of 0.41 and 0.50, respectively. The daily NCI and interpolated cloud indices derived from ground observations over the 776 900 km2 study area were compared. The correlation coefficient between the NCI and the observed cloud amount was less than 0.6 for less than 20% of the area. The correlation coefficient between the NCI and the observed sunshine duration index was less than 0.6 for less than 10% of the area and less than 0.7 for 41% of the area. There were strong correlations for high elevations in summer, and correlations for low elevations in winter were weaker. A frozen soil surface or snow cover degrades the NDVI relationship to clouds. The NCI and observed cloud indices had high correlation coefficients in areas with diverse land uses, suggesting that the NCI may be useful in estimating cloudiness over a large region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8432 , 1558-8424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAM2468.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in Cloud Cover, Precipitation, and Summer Temperature in North America from 1982 to 2009
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2013-03-01), p. 1733-1744
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2013-03-01), p. 1733-1744
    Abstract: In North America (NA), trends in summer surface air temperatures vary on decadal time scales, and some regions have temperature trends that exhibit a lack of warming in 1982–2009. From a surface energy balance perspective, the summer mean daily maximum temperature change can be affected by changes in solar heating that are associated with cloud cover change and changes in surface evaporative cooling caused by different precipitation and land surface wetness, but little is known about regional cloud cover and precipitation feedbacks to decadal temperature trends. Changes in cloudiness and precipitation and their connections with summer mean daily maximum temperature variations in NA were investigated using observation-based products of temperature and precipitation and satellite-derived cloud cover and radiation products. Results show that summer mean daily maximum temperature variance is largely explained by changes in cloud cover and precipitation. Cloud cover effect dominates at the high and middle latitudes of NA, and precipitation is a more dominant factor in the southern United States. The results indicate that cloud cover is either the major indicator of the summer mean daily maximum temperature changes (the effect) or the important local factor influencing the changes (the cause). Cloud cover is negatively correlated with mean daily maximum temperature variation in spring and autumn at the middle latitudes of NA but not at the high latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00225.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hydrological Cycles Change in the Yellow River Basin during the Last Half of the Twentieth Century
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 21, No. 8 ( 2008-04-15), p. 1790-1806
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 21, No. 8 ( 2008-04-15), p. 1790-1806
    Abstract: A distributed biosphere hydrological (DBH) model system was used to explore the internal relations among the climate system, human society, and the hydrological system in the Yellow River basin, and to interpret possible mechanisms for observed changes in Yellow River streamflow from 1960 to 2000. Several scenarios were evaluated to elucidate the hydrological response to climate system, land cover, and irrigation. The results show that climate change is the dominant cause of annual streamflow changes in the upper and middle reaches, but human activities dominate annual streamflow changes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin. The annual river discharge at the mouth is affected by climate change and by human activities in nearly equal proportion. The linear component of climate change contributes to the observed annual streamflow decrease, but changes in the climate temporal pattern have a larger impact on annual river discharge than does the linear component of climate change. Low flow is more significantly affected by irrigation withdrawals than by climate change. Reservoirs induce more diversions for irrigation, while at the same time the results demonstrate that the reservoirs may help to maintain environmental flows and counter what otherwise would be more serious reductions in low flows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2007JCLI1854.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomimetic Synthesis and Mechanism of Hydroxyapatite Crystals by Biotemplate of Small Intestinal Submucosa and Bacterial Cellulose
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Crystal Research and Technology Vol. 58, No. 9 ( 2023-09)
    Details
    In: Crystal Research and Technology, Wiley, Vol. 58, No. 9 ( 2023-09)
    Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coassembled with many organic molecular templates led by collagens in natural bone. In this study, it is presumed that small intestinal submucosa (SIS) with acetamide group chelates calcium ion and bacterial cellulose (BC) has strong intermolecular hydroxyl group and powerful attraction for calcium ion to initiate initial nucleation. Phosphate ions bind calcium ions to form seed crystal of calcium phosphate, which is further directionally grown under the mediation of the template structure and finally forms weakly crystalline HAp, providing an environment for the HAp formation. Besides, the samples are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope to unveil the phase structure, composition, and morphology, and a growth mechanism is proposed. HAp is successfully synthesized on SIS–BC biomineralization template. The results show morphology of samples from sheet‐lamellar‐like to flower‐like or porous‐spheroid‐like from 1 day to 7 days. The plate‐like HAp rods are polycrystal with c ‐axis orientation. Interestingly, the HAp/SIS‐BC composites have the least relative mass of HAp on mineralization and the content of HAp (57%) is very close to the human bone tissue in structure (about 60%). Finally, the HAp mineralized films show good biocompatibility through MC3T3‐E1cells test for the potential biomaterials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0232-1300 , 1521-4079
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/crat.v58.9
    DOI: 10.1002/crat.202300037
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480828-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Changes in the Moisture Source of Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2017-03-01), p. 1807-1819
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2017-03-01), p. 1807-1819
    Abstract: Evidence has suggested a wetting trend over part of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in recent decades, although there are large uncertainties in this trend due to sparse observations. Examining the change in the moisture source for precipitation over a region in the TP with the most obvious increasing precipitation trend may help understand the precipitation change. This study applied the modified Water Accounting Model with two atmospheric reanalyses, ground-observed precipitation, and evaporation from a land surface model to investigate the change in moisture source of the precipitation over the targeted region. The study estimated that on average more than 69% and more than 21% of the moisture supply to precipitation over the targeted region came from land and ocean, respectively. The moisture transports from the west of the TP by the westerlies and from the southwest by the Indian summer monsoon likely contributed the most to precipitation over the targeted region. The moisture from inside the region may have contributed about 18% of the total precipitation. Most of the increased moisture supply to the precipitation during 1979–2013 was attributed to the enhanced influx from the southwest and the local moisture supply. The precipitation recycling ratio over the targeted region increased significantly, suggesting an intensified hydrological cycle. Further analysis at monthly scale and with wet–dry-year composites indicates that the increased moisture contribution was mainly from the southwest and the targeted region during May and September. The enhanced water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean during July and September and the intensified local hydrological recycling seem to be the primary reasons behind the recent precipitation increase over the targeted region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0842.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0842.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climatology and Interannual Variability of Floods during the TRMM Era (1998–2013)
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2020-04-15), p. 3289-3305
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2020-04-15), p. 3289-3305
    Abstract: Spatial and temporal variations of global floods during the TRMM period (1998–2013) are explored by means of the outputs of the Dominant River Routing Integrated with VIC Environment model (DRIVE) driven by the precipitation rates from the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA). Climatological and seasonal mean features of floods including frequency (FF), duration (FD), and mean and total intensity (FI and FTI) are examined and further compared to those for a variety of precipitation indices derived from the daily TMPA rain rates. In general, floods and precipitation manifest similar spatial distributions, confirming that more precipitation (both amount and frequency) often indicates higher probability of floods. However, different flood indices can be associated with different precipitation characteristics with a highly region-dependent distribution. FF and FD tend to be more related to daily precipitation frequency globally, especially the mid- to high-end precipitation frequencies (F10, F25, F50). However, FI and FTI tend to be more associated with the mean volume/magnitude of those (extreme) daily precipitation events (Pr10 and Pr25). Nonetheless, daily precipitation intensity except the very high end one (R50) generally has a relatively weak effect on floods. The precipitation–flood relations at the 10 large regions are further examined, providing an improved understanding of precipitation-related flood-generating mechanisms in different locations. On the interannual time scale, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can significantly affect floods in many flood-prone zones. However, it is noted that even though the ENSO effect on floods is mostly through modulating various aspects of precipitation events, significant ENSO signals in precipitation cannot always translate to an effective, simultaneous impact on floods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0415.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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