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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of methane emissions from Chinese rice fields (Zhejiang Province) as influenced by fertilizer treatment (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 20 (1993), S. 83-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: methane emission ; mineral fertilizer ; organic fertilizers ; PR China ; rice fields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Methane emissions from rice paddies were quantified by using an automatic field system stationed in Zhejiang Province, one of the centres for rice cultivation in China. The data set showed pronouned interannual variations over 5 consecutive vegetation periods; by computing average values of all experimental plots the annual emissions were 177 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 in 1987, 50 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 in 1988, and 187 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 in 1989. The field preparations encompassed 4 different treatments: (1) no fertilizers, (2) mineral fertilizer (KCl, K2SO4), (3) organic manure (rape seeed cake, animal manure), (4) mineral fertilizer plus organic manure. The methane emission rates of the different fertilizer treatments did not show significant differences. The mean emission rates, calculated over the entire observation period of 5 seasons, were 30.4 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 (non-fertilized plot) and 28.3 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 (mineral fertilizers). These values indicate a high level of methane production even without additional input of organic material into the rice-soils. In the other plots, the organic fertilizers were added once per vegetation period at app. 1 t fresh weight per ha, a relatively low application rate by agronomical standards. The mean emission rates were 35.1 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 when manure was applied as sole fertilizer and 27.5 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 when applied jointly with potassium fertilizers. Based on the results of this study we estimate a range of 18–28 Tg CH4 yr−1 as the total methane emission from Chinese rice fields. However, more field data from representative sites in China are needed to reduce the uncertainties in this estimate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004136
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processes involved in formation and emission of methane in rice paddies (1989)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 7 (1989), S. 33-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: methane production ; methane oxidation ; methane emission ; methane precursors ; acetate turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal change of the rates of production and emission of methane were determined under in-situ conditions in an Italian rice paddy in 1985 and 1986. The contribution to total emission of CH4 of plant-mediated transport, ebullition, and diffusion through the flooding water was quantified by cutting the plants and by trapping emerging gas bubbles with funnels. Both production and emission of CH4 increased during the season and reached a maximum in August. However, the numbers of methanogenic bacteria did not change. As the rice plants grew and the contribution of plant-mediated CH4 emission increased, the percentage of the produced CH4 which was reoxidized and thus, was not emitted, also increased. At its maximum, about 300 ml CH4 were produced per m2 per hour. However, only about 6% were emitted and this was by about 96% via plant-mediated transport. Radiotracer experiments showed that CH, was produced from H2/CO2. (30–50%) and from acetate. The pool concentration of acetate was in the range of 6–10 mM. The turnover time of acetate was 12–16 h. Part of the acetate pool appeared to be not available for production of CH4 or CO2
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000896
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of soil temperature on methane emission from rice paddy fields (1990)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 11 (1990), S. 77-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Anoxic paddy soil ; apparent activation energies ; diel changes ; methane emission ; methane production ; methanogenic bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Methane emission rates from an Italian rice paddy field showed diel and seasonal variations. The seasonal variations were not closely related to soil temperatures. However, the dieL changes of CH4 fluxes were significantly correlated with the diel changes of the temperature in a particular soil depth. The soil depths with the best correlations between CH4 flux and temperature were shallow (1–5cm) in May and June, deep (10–15cm) in June and July, and again shallow (1–5 cm) in August. Apparent activation energies (Ea) calculated from these correlations using the Arrhenius model were relatively low (50–150 kJ mol−1) in May and June, but increased to higher values (80–450 kJ mol−1) in August. In the laboratory, CH4 emission from two rice cultures incubated at temperatures between 20 and 38°C showed E α. values of 41 and 53 kJ mol−1) Methane production in anoxic paddy soil suspensions incubated between 7 and 43°C showed E α values between 53 and 132 kJ mol−1 with an average value of 85 kJ mol−1) and in pure cultures of hydrogenotrophic methanogenic bacteria E a values between 77 and 173 (average 126) kJ mol−1. It is suggested that diel changes of soil properties other than temperature affect CH4 emission rates, e.g. diel changes in root exudation or in efficiency of CH4 oxidation in the rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002060
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