Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Irrigation -- 1 Identification of Farming Systems in Tribal Region of Zone IV-B of Rajasthan (India) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Area Under Various Crops in Study Area -- Livestock Population in the Study Area -- Farming Systems -- Farming Systems in Dungarpur District -- Rain-Fed Condition -- Farming Systems in Banswara District -- Rain-Fed Condition -- Irrigated Condition -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Energy Assessment of Rice Under Conventional and Drip Irrigation Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Operations -- Method of Energy Calculation -- Evaluation of Manual Energy Input -- Evaluation of Mechanical Energy Use -- Data Recorded for Energy Determination -- Energy Indices -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Response of Okra Under Microsprinkler and Surface Methods of Irrigation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Development of Universal Ultimate Total Green Chemistry and Eco-Agriculture for Sustainable Productivity -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Method -- Results -- The Green Chemistry -- Chemistry in Production System -- Salt Formation -- Measures to Overcome the Toxic Heavy Metal and Toxic Gases Generated in the Production Process -- The Racy Nature Agriculture Technology -- The Technology -- Technology Module -- Validation of the Technology -- Crops and Cropping Patterns -- Yearly Yield Enhancement and Water Conservation -- New Cropping Practice Based on Nitrogen Cycle Management -- Improvement in Quality -- Reduction in GHG Releases -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 5 Landscape Gardening and Environmental Restoration: Concerns in Mughal Kashmir -- Abstract -- Landscape Garden Ecology -- Source and Methodology -- Mughal Concerns -- Other Notable Gardens Established Around Dal Lake -- Of Water and Plants in the Mughal Gardens of Kashmir -- Significance of Water and the water Channels -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Eco-Treatment Zone in Open Drain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Make Drains Treatment Zones -- Ecotechnologies -- Advantages -- Case Study I -- Ecological Restoration of Rasoolabad Stream Complex on the Bbanks of Ganga River, Allahabad (Patil et al. 2012) -- Ecological Treatment System Installed Under Rasoolabad Stream Complex -- Some Important Highlight of the Project -- Case Study II -- Ecological Restoration of Udaipur's Ahar River (Kodarkar and Joshi 2010) -- Analysis of Ahar River -- Transparency of River at Various Locations -- Conclusion -- References -- Water Resources Planning and Management -- 7 Water Crisis: Issues and Challenges in Punjab -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Water and Their Status in Punjab -- Groundwater -- Rainfall -- Rivers and Canal -- Water Quality and Health Issues -- Government Initiatives -- Future Prospects -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Issues and Challenges of River Health Assessment in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- River Health-Issues of Concern -- Water Quality Index-Issues of Concern -- Category of Indicators and Sub-indicators for River Health -- Aggregation of Sub-indicators/Indicators -- Grading Scale for River Health -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Coastal Reservoir-How to Develop Freshwater from the Sea Without Desalination -- Abstract -- Introduction and Problem Statement -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Leakage Detection Studies for Water Supply Systems-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background. , Recent Studies on Leakage Detection -- Discussion -- References -- 11 Quantification of Water Footprint of National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Footprint: Status Quo -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Assessment of Domestic Water Footprint -- Assessment of Agricultural Water Footprint -- Assessment of Industrial Water Footprint -- Assessment of Virtual Water -- Results and Discussion -- Domestic Water Footprint -- Agriculture Water Footprint -- Industrial Water Footprint -- Virtual Water -- Total Water Footprint -- Conclusion -- Limitations -- References -- 12 Salt Water Intrusion and Water Security Issues of Coastal Community: Case of Thane District (Maharashtra) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix 1: Spatial Relations -- Bibliography -- 13 Study of Suction Versus Water Content of Soil of Turamdih Area Mixed with Bentonite and Its Implication on the Liner Property of Tailing Dam: A Case Study of East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, Eastern India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background of Suction -- Methods Used -- Soil Total Suction Measurement -- Experimental Procedure -- Soil Matric Suction Measurements -- Experimental Procedure -- Test Materials -- Result and Discussion -- References -- 14 Long-Term Water Planning: A Review of Kenya National Water Master Plan 2030 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- General Background -- Historical Background -- Study Area -- Socio-economic Development -- Problem Statement -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- The Legal and Institutional Setup -- Climate Change -- Population Projections -- Water Availability -- Water Uses -- Balance of Demand and Available Water Resources -- Challenges in Long-Term Water Planning -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations. , Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Integrated Water Management at Local Government Level for Southern Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Main Objectives and Methodology -- Water Cycle -- Institutional Models -- South Africa -- Namibia -- Zimbabwe -- Botswana -- Zambia -- The WDM Model -- Evaluation Criteria -- Evaluation -- Results -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 16 Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia: Some Initiatives at the Basin Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Integrated Water Resources Management -- Langat River Basin in Malaysia -- Water Resources Management Issues in Langat -- Some Initiatives at Basin Level -- Through Establishment of IWRM Research Group -- Through IWRM R& -- D Projects -- Through IWRM Capacity Building Programmes -- Through Stakeholders and Community Engagements -- Key Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 A Mechanical System for Lake Environment Management -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Hyacinth Management in Lakes -- The Invention -- Water Hyacinth Chopper Cum Crusher -- Significant Achievements and Advantages of the Developed Machine -- References -- 18 Wetland Characterization and Implications on Agriculture in L. Victoria Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- ERT Imaging -- Transect 1 -- Transect 2 -- Transect 3 -- Transect 4 -- Stable Isotope Signatures -- Results and Discussion -- ERT Imaging -- Profile 1 -- Profile 2 -- Profile 3 -- Profile 4 -- Borehole Distribution in the Study Area -- Stable Isotope Signatures -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Coastal Land Use/Land Cover and Shoreline Studies for Dakshina Kannada Coast, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data Used -- Methodology -- General Methodology -- Shoreline Configuration -- LU/LC Mapping. , Results and Discussion -- Analysis of Shoreline Change -- Land Use Land Cover -- Conclusions -- References -- 20 Management of Coalbed Methane and Coal Mine Produced Water for Beneficial Use in Damodar Basin of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussions -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 21 Water Supply-Demand Assessment in Ur River Watershed in Tikamgarh District -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Water Balance Equation -- System Inflows -- System Water Use -- Evaporation from Water Bodies -- Evapotranspiration -- Evapotranspiration from Cropped Areas -- Evapotranspiration from Forested Areas -- Water Use for Domestic and Livestock Use -- Water Use for Non-agricultural Production -- System Outflows -- Surface Water Outflow -- Groundwater Outflow -- System Storages -- Unaccounted Water -- Establishment of Water Balance -- Analysis and Results -- Inflows to the System -- Computation of Mean Areal Rainfall -- Water Use in the System -- Evapotranspiration from Cropped Areas -- Evapotranspiration from Forested Areas -- Water Use for Domestic Purposes and Livestock Needs -- System Outflows -- Surface Runoff -- Groundwater Outflow/Inflow -- Change in Storage in the System -- Water Budget -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Analysis of Spring Discharge in the Lesser Himalayas: A Case Study of Mathamali Spring, Aglar Watershed, Uttarakhand -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methods of Analysis -- Data Characteristics -- Data Analysis -- Simple Exponential -- Least Squares Method -- Hyperbola -- Autocorrelation -- Flow Duration Curve -- Performance Evaluation -- Results and Discussions -- Autocorrelation -- Flow Duration Curve (FDC) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 23 Submerged Geotextile Sand Containers for Coastal Defence -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives. , Experimental Details.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Climatic Characteristics -- 1 Trends in Temperature for the Himalayan Environment of Leh (Jammu and Kashmir), India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Mann-Kendall Test -- Estimation of Magnitude of Trends -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Changes in Sunshine Duration in Humid Environments of Agartala (Tripura), India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area and Meteorological Data -- Methods of Trend Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Application of Multiple Linear Regression as Downscaling Methodology for Lower Godavari Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Selection of Predictors and Predictands -- Selection of GCM and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) -- Data Preparation -- Statistical Downscaling -- Results and Discussion -- Application of Downscaled Scenarios for Future Periods -- Analysis for Grid 1: 17.5N-80.5E -- Analysis for Grid 2: 17.5N-81.5E -- Analysis for Grid 3: 18.5N-80.5E -- Analysis for Grid 4: 18.5N-81.5E -- Analysis for Grid 5: 18.5N-82.5E -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Statistical Downscaling of Minimum Temperature of Raipur (C.G.) India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) -- Study Area and Data Used -- Methodology -- Analysis of Results -- CGCM A1B Forcing Condition -- Generation of Series for A2 Forcing Condition -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Statistical Downscaling of Daily Temperatures and Precipitation Data from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5)-RCPs Experiment: In Weyib River Basin, Southeastern Ethiopia -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area (Weyib River Basin) -- Earth System Model (ESM) and RCP Scenarios -- Types of Data Used -- Downscaling Methods -- Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) -- Precipitation and Temperatures Scenario Statistics -- Mann-Kendall Trend Test -- SDSM Performance Evaluation -- Coefficient of Determination (R2) -- Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (E) -- Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) -- Results and Discussion -- Selected Potential Predictor Variables -- Calibration and Validation of SDSM for Both Temperatures and Precipitation -- Scenarios Developed for Future Temperatures and Precipitation -- Maximum Temperature Scenarios -- Minimum Temperature Scenarios -- Precipitation Scenarios -- Mann-Kendall Trend Test of Future Temperatures and Precipitation -- Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Global Climate Pattern Behind Hydrological Extremes in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Quantification of Dry and Wet Events Through Standardized Precipitation Anomaly Index (SPAI) -- Identification of the Global Climate Pattern (GCP) for Central India -- Utilization of the Identified GCP for Prediction of Dry and Wet Events in Central India -- Reduction of Dimensionality of GCP -- Model for Classification of Dry and Wet Events -- Evaluation of the Prediction Performance Using GCP as Input -- Results and Discussions -- Identification of the Global Climate Pattern for Central India -- Global Fields of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) -- Global Fields of Surface Pressure (SP) -- Global Fields of Air Temperature (AT), Wind Speed (WS), and Total Precipitable Water (TPW) -- Utilization of the Identified GCP for Prediction of Dry and Wet Events in Central India -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 7 Changes in ENSO and IOD Effects on the Extreme Rainfall of Hyderabad City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Results and Discussions -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Rainfall Analysis -- 8 Detecting Changes in Regional Rainfall Series in India Using Binary Segmentation-Based Multiple Change-Point Detection Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Estimation of the Multiple Change-Points Using Binary Segmentation Approach -- Estimation of Test Statistics Lambda -- Study Area and Data -- Results and Discussion -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 9 Analyzing Non-stationarity in the Hyderabad City Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Trend Analysis -- The Non-stationary IDF Curves -- Results and Discussion -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Development of Finer Resolution Rainfall Scenario for Kangsabati Catchment and Command -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Acquisition -- Methodology -- Development of Downscaling Model for NCEP Reanalysis Outputs -- Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) -- Kernel Regression (KR) -- Performance Evaluation of MLR and KR Downscaling Techniques -- Establishment of Downscaling Technique for Multi-GCM Ensemble Outputs -- Results and Analysis -- Performance Comparison of MLR and KR Statistical Downscaling Techniques -- Multi-GCM Ensemble Rainfall Prediction for Historical and RCP8.5 Scenarios -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Investigation of the Relationship Between Natural Aerosols and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Using a Climate Model -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Data Set and Methods -- Results -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Impacts of Climate Change -- 12 Change Point Analysis of Air Temperature in India -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Data Used -- Pettit's Test -- Results and Discussions -- Change Point Analysis -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sewage Treatment Plants Based on Sequential Batch Reactor in Maharashtra -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Study of Climate Change in Uttarakhand Himalayas: Changing Patterns of Historical Rainfall -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Used -- Methodology -- Trend Analysis -- Regression Model -- Mann Kendall Model -- Data Preparation -- Trend Analysis and Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 15 The Impact of Climate Change on Rainfall Variability: A Study in Central Himalayas -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Study Area -- Data Used -- Methodology -- Determination of Anomalies -- Regression Model -- Magnitude of Trend -- Significance of Trend -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 Estimation of Changes in Annual Peak Flows in Netravathi River Basin, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data Used and Methodology -- Trend of Historical Changes of Annual Peak Flows -- Sen's Slope Estimator Test -- Flood-Frequency Analyses for Full Periods of Record -- Results and Discussions -- Flood-Frequency Analysis for Observed Peak Stream Flows -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Semi-Arid Region of Chittorgarh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Study Framework -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis Using PROMETHEE -- Results and Discussion -- Verification of Results -- Using Analytical Hierarchy Process -- Using Social Choice Method -- Climate Change Impact and Its Prediction -- Conclusions -- References. , 18 Water Availability Under Changing Climate Scenario in Ur River Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Computation of Aerial Average Rainfall -- Potential Evapotranspiration -- Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) Model -- Monthly Water Balance Model -- Assessment of Climate Change Impacts -- Results and Discussion -- Assessment of Climate Change Impacts -- Conclusions -- References -- 19 Water Sustainability Assessment Under Climatic Uncertainty-A Case Study of Chhattisgarh (India) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Terminology Used in the Assessment of WSI -- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- Probability Density Function Used in SPI -- Goodness-of-Fit Tests -- Reliability-Resilience-Vulnerability for SPI Time Series -- Reliability -- Resilience -- Vulnerability -- Relative Vulnerability -- Water Sustainability -- Distance-Based Multicriteria Decision Making -- Proposed Methodology for Water Sustainability Assessment -- Case Study -- WSI Under HadCM3-A2 Climate Change Scenario -- WSI Under HadCM3-B2 Climate Change Scenario -- Conclusions -- References -- Low Flow and Drought -- 20 Coupling of Tennant Concept with Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the Prediction of Environmental Flow Condition from Rainfall in Upper Narmada Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Standardized Precipitation Index -- Tennant Method -- Results and Discussion -- Mohegaon Catchment -- Hridaynagar Catchment -- Manot Catchment -- Sher Catchment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Assessment of Drought in Balangir District of Odisha, India Using Drought Indices -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of Study Area -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References. , 22 Impact of HFC Fire Extinguishing Clean Agents on Climate Change and Its System Design Requirements for Fire Hazards in India-A Brief Study.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 An Overview on Environmental Degradation and Mitigation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Environmental Degradation -- 1.3 Causes of Environmental Degradation -- 1.4 Impacts of Environmental Degradation -- 1.5 Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 1.5.1 Prevention of Deforestation -- 1.5.2 Governmental Regulations -- 1.5.3 Sustainable Consumption and Production Regulations -- 1.5.4 Adoption of the Principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) -- 1.5.5 Adoption of Environment-Friendly Education -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Causes of Degradation -- 2 Deforestation and Forests Degradation Impacts on the Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Factors Responsible for Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.2.1 Direct Cause -- 2.2.2 Natural Causes -- 2.2.3 Underlying Causes -- 2.3 Environmental Implications of Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.3.1 Deforestation Impacts on Climate Change -- 2.3.2 Deforestation Impacts on Soil Erosion -- 2.3.3 Deforestation Impacts on Disrupted Livelihood -- 2.3.4 Deforestation Impacts on Water Cycles -- 2.3.5 Deforestation Impacts on Social Consequences -- 2.3.6 Deforestation Impacts on Food Security -- 2.3.7 Health Associated with Forest Threats -- 2.4 Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR): An Initiative Towards Degradation Prevention -- 2.4.1 FLR Principles -- 2.4.2 Characteristics of FLR Initiatives (Maginnis et al. 2007) -- 2.4.3 Few Best Practices for Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) -- 2.5 Policy Interventions -- 2.5.1 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 2.5.2 Aichi Targets -- 2.5.3 Bonn Challenge -- 2.5.4 REDD and REDD + strategies -- 2.5.5 Recommendations and Future Research Prospects -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References. , 3 Measuring Environmental Impact of Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Energy Sectors in Bangladesh Through Life Cycle Assessment -- 3.1 The State of Bangladesh's Economically Important Sectors and Environmental Footprint -- 3.2 Approach for Identifying Literature -- 3.3 Assessment of Environmental Impact/Degradation Based on the Findings of Available LCA Studies for Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Agricultural Sector -- 3.3.2 Manufacturing Sectors -- 3.3.3 Energy Sector -- 3.4 Environmental Policy Recommendations for Impact Decoupling -- 3.4.1 Policy Interventions for Agricultural Sector -- 3.4.2 Policy Interventions for Manufacturing Sector -- 3.4.3 Policy Interventions for Energy Sector -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides: Impacts on Soil Degradation, Groundwater, and Human Health in Bangladesh -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Agrochemicals -- 4.2.1 Fertilizers -- 4.2.2 Pesticides -- 4.3 Global Use of Agrochemicals -- 4.4 Impacts of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.4.1 Impacts on Soil -- 4.4.2 Impacts on Groundwater Resources -- 4.4.3 Impacts on Human Health -- 4.5 Alternatives to Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.5.1 Organic Farming: A Sustainable Alternative -- 4.5.2 Integrated Pest Management -- 4.5.3 Biocontrol Agents for Reducing Pesticide Consumption -- 4.5.4 Other Approaches -- 4.5.5 Green Chemistry -- 4.6 Conclusions -- 4.7 Recommendations -- References -- Part III Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 5 Environmental Impacts and Necessity of Removal of Emerging Contaminants to Facilitate Safe Reuse of Treated Municipal Wastewaters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of Emerging Contaminants of Persistence -- 5.2.1 Pesticides and Herbicides -- 5.2.2 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products -- 5.2.3 Dyes -- 5.2.4 Industrial Chemicals -- 5.3 Occurrence of ECs in Wastewater and Environment. , 5.3.1 Occurrence of ECs in Effluent Treatment Plant -- 5.3.2 Occurrence of ECs in Environment -- 5.4 Advanced Oxidation Strategies for Removal of ECs -- 5.4.1 Application of Physical Techniques -- 5.4.2 Application of Chemicals Techniques -- 5.5 Hybrid Systems for Augmentation of Performance -- 5.5.1 O3-UV Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.2 O3-H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.3 UV and Cl2 Integrated Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.6 General Discussion -- 5.7 Recommendation -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution to Minimize Eutrophication of Surface Waters in Asia -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution -- 6.2.1 Partial Nitritation-Denitrification -- 6.2.2 ANAMMOX -- 6.2.3 SHARON -- 6.2.4 SHARON-ANAMMOX -- 6.2.5 CANON -- 6.2.6 NOx -- 6.2.7 OLAND -- 6.2.8 DEMON -- 6.2.9 DEAMOX -- 6.2.10 SNAD -- 6.2.11 BABE -- 6.2.12 FeOx/MnOx-Mediated Nitrification and Denitrification -- 6.2.13 Feammox/Mnammox -- 6.3 Recommendations -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor and Upflow Anaerobic Filter for Domestic Wastewater Purification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor -- 7.3 Anaerobic Filter for Wastewater Treatment -- 7.4 Experimental Study of the Hybrid System (ABR and AF) -- 7.4.1 Lab-Scale Hybrid System -- 7.4.2 Sampling and Parameter Analysis -- 7.5 Results and Discussion -- 7.5.1 Wastewater Characteristic -- 7.5.2 Performance of the Hybrid System -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 7.7 Recommendation -- References -- 8 Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollutants of Industrial Effluents and Environmental Impacts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.2.1 Adsorbent (Nano CaSPT) -- 8.2.2 Adsorbate [Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III)] -- 8.2.3 Adsorption Experiments. , 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Microscopic Study -- 8.3.2 Surface Property Investigation -- 8.3.3 Batch Adsorption Experiments -- 8.3.4 Adsorption Screening of HM Ions with CaSPT -- 8.3.5 Metal Ion Adsorption on Nano CaSPT -- 8.4 Recommendation and Future Research Prospects -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Textile Dye Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Biological Methods and Impact on Environment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Textile Wastewater Characteristics -- 9.3 Textile Dyes -- 9.3.1 Dye Structure and Properties -- 9.4 Environmental Impacts of Textile Dyes -- 9.4.1 Impact on Aquatic Environment -- 9.4.2 Impact on Vegetation -- 9.4.3 Impact on Human Health -- 9.5 Textile Dye Decolourization Techniques -- 9.5.1 Physical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.2 Chemical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.3 Biological Treatments -- 9.5.4 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Reactors -- 9.5.5 Biofilms -- 9.5.6 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Fixed (Packed) Bed Biofilm Reactors -- 9.6 Conclusions -- 9.7 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Environmental Remediation Technologies -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Remediation Technologies and Their Application -- 10.2.1 NanoRemediation Technology -- 10.2.2 Solidification and Stabilization -- 10.2.3 Thermal Desorption -- 10.2.4 Gas-Based Techniques -- 10.2.5 Phytoremediation -- 10.3 Selection of Relevant Remediation Technology -- 10.4 Conclusions -- 10.5 Recommendations -- References -- 11 Wastewater Remediation: Emerging Technologies and Future Prospects -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Conventional Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.2.1 Physico-chemical Treatment Processes -- 11.2.2 Biological Treatments -- 11.3 Advanced Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.3.1 Membrane Distillation (MD) -- 11.3.2 Forward Osmosis -- 11.3.3 Photocatalysis -- 11.3.4 Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology. , 11.4 Sustainability and Value Addition in WWT -- 11.4.1 Recovery of Value Added Products from Effluent Streams -- 11.4.2 Process Intensification -- 11.5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Part IV Impacts of Degradation -- 12 Microbial Diversity and Physio-Chemical Characterization and Treatment of Textiles Effluents -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Pollutants and Aquatic Environment -- 12.3 Effects of Industrial Effluents in Aquatic Environment -- 12.4 Textile Colorants -- 12.5 Study of Textile Effluents -- 12.6 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Effluent -- 12.7 Bioremediation -- 12.7.1 Oscillatoria -- 12.8 Materials and Methods -- 12.8.1 Collection of Samples -- 12.8.2 Study of Microbial Diversity -- 12.9 Results and Discussion -- 12.9.1 Swimming Activity -- 12.9.2 Opercular Beats -- 12.9.3 Rate of Oxygen Consumption -- 12.9.4 Haematological Parameters -- 12.9.5 Biochemical Studies -- 12.9.6 Enzymes Studies -- 12.10 Conclusion -- 12.11 Recommendations -- References -- 13 A Sustainable Solution for the Rehabilitation of Surface Water Quality Degradation -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Best Management Practice (BMP) to Mitigate Diffuse Pollution -- 13.1.2 Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2 Case Studies of Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2.1 Nitrogen Removal -- 13.2.2 Phosphorus Removal -- 13.2.3 Pesticides Removal -- 13.2.4 Organic Matter Removal -- 13.2.5 Solids Removal -- 13.2.6 Pathogen Removal -- 13.2.7 Heavy Metals Removal -- 13.2.8 Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) Removal -- 13.3 Challenges Faced by the VD and Recommendations for the Enhancement of VD Systems -- 13.3.1 Contaminant Removal Efficiencies -- 13.3.2 Operational and Maintenance Issues -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Recovery from Natural Disasters and Environmental Destruction in East Japan -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Characteristics of the East Japan Area. , 14.3 The Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Applications of Geospatial and Information Technologies Toward Achieving Sustainable Development Goals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Sustainable Development Goals -- 1.2.1 Targets -- 1.2.2 Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDGI) and Its Global Perspective -- 1.2.3 Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on SDGs Implementation -- 1.3 Importance and Scope of Geospatial Technology on SDGs Implementation -- 1.4 Application of Geospatial Techniques Toward Achieving SDGs -- 1.5 Application of Information and Communication Technology Toward Achieving SDGs -- 1.5.1 Application of Big Data -- 1.5.2 Application of Artificial Intelligence -- 1.5.3 Application of Internet of Things -- 1.6 Integration of Geospatial Technology with ICT and Its Significance -- 1.7 Gaps or Challenges -- 1.7.1 Data-Related Challenges -- 1.7.2 Lack of Technology Infrastructure -- 1.7.3 Skilled/Trained Manpower -- 1.7.4 Lack of Awareness -- 1.7.5 Others -- 1.8 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Comparison of Maximum Likelihood, Neural Networks, and Random Forests Algorithms in Classifying Urban Landscape -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Study Area -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.3.1 Preprocessing -- 2.3.2 Classification Algorithms -- 2.3.3 Image Classification -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.4.1 Comparison of Overall Accuracies -- 2.4.2 Comparison of Producer's and User's Accuracies -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Crowd-Assisted Flood Disaster Management -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Background of Crowdsourced Data (CSD) -- 3.3 Challenges and Opportunities in CSD -- 3.4 Applications of CSD -- 3.5 Quality and Performance of CSD -- 3.5.1 Credibility of Crowdsourced Data -- 3.5.2 Relevance of Crowdsourced Data -- 3.6 Case Study: Flood Disaster Management -- 3.6.1 CSD Location Availability. , 3.6.2 CSD Credibility Analysis: A Naïve Bayesian Network-Based Model for CSD Credibility Detection -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Geospatial Big Earth Data and Urban Data Analytics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Big Earth Data and their Characteristics -- 4.3 Big Earth Data Sources -- 4.4 Existing Platforms for Big Earth Data Processing and Management -- 4.5 Big Earth Data Analytics -- 4.6 Big Earth Data and Urban Studies -- 4.7 Big Data Urban Analytics Toward Society 5.0 -- 4.8 Challenges and Way Forward -- References -- 5 A Comparative Analysis of Spatiotemporal Drought Events from Remote Sensing and Standardized Precipitation Indexes in Central America Dry Corridor -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Case Study -- 5.3 Methodology -- 5.3.1 Data Acquisition -- 5.3.2 Drought Calculation -- 5.3.3 Drought Vegetation Monitoring Indexes -- 5.3.4 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI -- 5.3.5 Vegetation Condition Index VCI -- 5.3.6 Climatological Drought Indexes -- 5.3.7 Spatiotemporal Monitoring -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.4.1 Climatological Drought Index -- 5.4.2 Drought Vegetation Monitoring Indexes -- 5.4.3 Spatiotemporal Approach -- 5.4.4 Drought Tracking -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 5.6 Recommendations -- References -- 6 RETRACTED CHAPTER: Application of GIS and Remote Sensing Tools in Assessment of Drought Using Satellite and Ground-Based Data -- 7 Determining the Yield of Rice Using the Leaf Area Index (LAI) in Iran -- 7.1 Rice Cultivation in Iran -- 7.2 Types of Rice Cultivation in Iran -- 7.2.1 The Method of Transplanting -- 7.2.2 Direct Seeding Method -- 7.3 Rice Yield Remote Estimation Indices -- 7.4 Leaf Area Index -- 7.5 Detection of Rice Crop by Remote Sensing Method -- 7.5.1 Unsupervised Classification -- 7.5.2 Supervised Classification -- 7.6 Determining Rice Yield -- 7.7 Results Evaluation of Rice Yield -- 7.8 Discussion and Conclusion. , References -- 8 Soil Erosion Modeling Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Methodology -- 8.3.1 Erosion Modeling Using RUSLE -- 8.3.2 Erosion Modeling Using MMF Model -- 8.3.3 Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) -- 8.3.4 Model Validation -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.4.1 Soil Loss by RUSLE Model -- 8.4.2 Soil Loss by MMF Model -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 The Mapping of the Intensity of Degradation According to the Different Land Use in Arid Regions: The Case of the Bouhamed Watershed, Southern Tunisia -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study Area Exposed to Desertification Problems -- 9.2.1 Arid Climate and Fragile Biophysical Context -- 9.2.2 Ancient and Changing Human Occupation -- 9.3 Methodological Approach to Mapping Land Degradation Based on Remote Sensing and GIS -- 9.3.1 Data and Tools -- 9.3.2 Soil Degradation Mapping Method -- 9.4 Study and Assessment of Degradation Intensity in the Bouhamed Watershed -- 9.4.1 Mapping of the Surface State by the Spectral Indices Approach -- 9.4.2 Mapping Human Occupation Patterns -- 9.4.3 Determination of the Intensity of Degradation -- 9.4.4 Assessment of the State of Desertification by Specification of the Sensitivity Level: Summary Map -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.6 Conclusion -- 9.7 Recommendation -- References -- 10 Applicability of the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model Data for Basin-Scale Spatiotemporal Drought Assessment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Materials and Methods -- 10.2.1 Case Study -- 10.2.2 WEAP Model -- 10.2.3 GLEAM Data -- 10.2.4 The Wet-Environment Evapotranspiration and Precipitation Standardized Index (WEPSI) -- 10.2.5 Experimental Setup -- 10.3 Results and Discussion -- 10.3.1 WEPSI Calculation and Performance Evaluation -- 10.3.2 Eligibility of a Global ET Dataset for Local WEPSI Applications -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References. , 11 Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of Shallow Inland Lake Morphometry: A Case Study of Sambhar Salt Lake, Ramsar Site-464, India -- 11.1 Introduction and Background -- 11.1.1 Why Lake Morphometry? -- 11.2 Significant Literature Inferences About Importance of Lake Morphometry -- 11.3 Material and Methods -- 11.3.1 Study Area-General Description -- 11.3.2 Image Preprocessing -- 11.3.3 Extraction of Water Surface -- 11.3.4 Calculation of the Lake Morphometric Parameters -- 11.4 Results and Discussion -- 11.4.1 Lake Water Surface Area (A) or (a) -- 11.4.2 Maximum Length (Lmax) -- 11.4.3 Maximum Width (Bmax) and Mean Width (overlineB) -- 11.4.4 Lake Water Depth (Maximum Depth Dmax) and (Mean Depth overlineD) -- 11.4.5 Lake Volume (V) and Form Factor (Vd) -- 11.4.6 Dynamic Ratio (DR), Erosion-Transportation (ET) Areas, and Accumulation Areas (Ao) -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Remote Sensing and GIS in Spatial Monitoring of the Wetlands: A Case Study of Loktak Lake Catchment, India -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Wetlands Classifications and Distributions -- 12.2.1 Ramsar Classification -- 12.2.2 Wetlands Classifications in India -- 12.2.3 Distributions of Wetlands in India -- 12.3 Drivers for Change in Wetland Conditions -- 12.4 Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) Modeling Techniques -- 12.4.1 Vector-Based CA (VEC-GCA) -- 12.4.2 CA-Support Vector Machine (SVM) (CA-SVM) -- 12.4.3 CA-MCE -- 12.5 Case Study of Herbaceous Wetlands (Phumdis) and Wetlands in Loktak Lake Catchment, Manipur, India -- 12.6 Results -- 12.7 Discussions -- 12.8 Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- 13 Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in a Tropical River Basin Using Geospatial Techniques and Analytical Hierarchy Process -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Study Area -- 13.3 Data and Methodology -- 13.4 Results and Discussion -- 13.4.1 Lithology. , 13.4.2 Geomorphological Features -- 13.4.3 Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) -- 13.4.4 Soil Texture -- 13.4.5 Lineament Density -- 13.4.6 Slope Angle -- 13.4.7 Drainage Density -- 13.4.8 Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) -- 13.4.9 Rainfall -- 13.4.10 Relative Importance of the Factors -- 13.4.11 Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZs) -- 13.4.12 Discussions -- 13.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 14 Management of Environmentally Stressed Areas in Watershed Using Multi-criteria Decision Tool in GIS: A Noble Technique to Conserve Soil for Agriculture -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 Rain Splash Erosion -- 14.1.2 Sheet Erosion -- 14.1.3 Rill Erosion -- 14.1.4 Gully Erosion -- 14.1.5 Bank Erosion -- 14.2 Soil Erosion in India -- 14.3 Assessment of Soil Erosion -- 14.4 Watershed Prioritization and Design of SWC Measures -- 14.5 Application of GIS -- 14.6 Case Study -- 14.6.1 Module-I: Prioritization -- 14.6.2 Module-II: Development of CAT Plan for SWC Measures -- 14.7 Study Area and Data Used -- 14.8 Results and Discussion -- 14.8.1 Module-I: Prioritization of Sub-watersheds -- 14.8.2 Module-II CAT Plan for Soil Water Conservation Measures -- 14.9 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Geospatial Technology for Estimating the Physical Vulnerability of Building Structures to Natural Hazards -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The Study Area -- 15.3 Methodology -- 15.3.1 Identification and Grading of Relevant Hazards -- 15.3.2 Determination of Physical Vulnerability of Building Structures to Floods -- 15.3.3 Calculation of the Vulnerability Index (VI) -- 15.4 Risk Assessment for Physical Vulnerability of Building Structures to Floods -- 15.4.1 The Results of Hazard Assessment -- 15.4.2 Results of the Vulnerability Assessment -- 15.5 Conclusion -- 15.6 Future Directions -- References. , 16 Cooling Potential Simulation of Urban Green Space Using Remote Sensing and Web-Based GIS Integration in Panat Nikom Municipality, Thailand.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environmental Pollution -- 1 Socioeconomic Environment Assessment for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Methodology -- Description of the Study Area -- Types of Data Collected -- Tools of Data Collection -- Data Collection Analysis -- Personal Profile -- Age -- Sex -- Marital Status -- Literacy -- Occupation -- Assessment and Mitigation -- Impact Assessment -- Topography and Land Use -- Drainage -- Air Environment -- Water Environment -- Impacts of Ecology -- Impacts on Soil and Agriculture -- Land Use -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Research Need on Environmental Gains in Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Relocation -- Protected Areas -- Classification of Protected Areas -- Need for Conservation of Biodiversity -- Need for Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Need for Study of Environmental Gains Due to CIR -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Environmental Issues Due to Fire in Coal Mines: Its Impact and Suggestions for Implementing Precautionary and Control Measures -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Pollution -- Case Study -- Location -- Geology of the Seam -- Scientific Investigation -- Results and Discussion -- Suggestions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Redevelopment of Urban Slum Dwellings: Issues and Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background and Need of Study -- Housing Scenario in India -- Requirements to Achieve the Vision by 2022 -- Strategies for Increasing Supply of Affordable Housing -- Strategies for Optimum Use of Existing Land Resources by Encouraging Redevelopment -- Strategies for Improving Quality of Life, Overall Living Standards with Concern for Environment -- Strategies for Ease of Doing Business -- Objectives of the Study. , Methodology -- Study Area -- Current Project -- Flat Scheme for Slum Rehabilitation -- Detail of Money Contribution -- Sanctioned Cost of Single House Type A -- Pandharabodi Area -- Problems on Site During Construction -- Time Overrun -- Causes of Time Overrun -- Material Quality and Quantity -- Scarcity of Skilled Labour -- Problems During Operation -- Grouping of work -- Work Breakdown Structure for 75 Houses -- Limitation -- Conclusions and Findings -- References -- 5 Importance of Indoor Environmental Quality in Green Buildings -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) -- Effect of Poor IEQ on Human Health -- Parameters of IEQ -- Building Characteristics -- Thermal Comfort -- Visual Comfort -- Acoustic Comfort -- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Meteorological Factors Influencing Dispersion of Vehicular Pollution in a Typical Highway Condition -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Site Characteristics -- Traffic Characteristics -- CALINE 4 Model Description -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Results and Discussion -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Study of Air and Noise Pollution in Mega Cities of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Exposure on Health -- Research Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Pollution Indicators -- 8 A Critical Review on Air Quality Index -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective -- Air Quality Index (AQI) -- Definition -- Classification of Indices -- US EPA Air Quality Index -- The Mitre Air Quality Index (MAQI) -- Application of the MAQI -- Extreme Value Index (EVI) -- Application of the EVI -- Oak Ridge Air Quality Index (ORAQI) -- Application of the ORAQI -- Air Quality Depreciation Index -- Air Quality Index Worldwide -- Air Quality Index China. , Air Quality Index United States -- I maxi Ii -- Air Quality Index India -- NAAQS Dependent Air Quality Index -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Aquatic Insects as Pollution Indicator-A Study in Cachar, Assam, Northeast India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methods of Collection and Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Aquatic Insects -- Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Monitoring of Air Pollution in Different Regions Along Road Network, Jharia Coalfield, Dhanbad, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Results and Discussion -- Variations of Traffic Composition -- Variations of Air Pollutant Concentration -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Spatial Distribution and Baseline Concentration of Heavy Metals in Swell-Shrink Soils of Madhya Pradesh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Description of Study Area -- Collection of Soil Samples -- Chemical Analysis of Soils -- Soil pH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Oxidizable Organic Carbon -- Calcium Carbonate -- Total Heavy Metal Concentration -- Determination of Baseline Concentrations of Metals -- Results and Discussion -- Soil Characteristics -- Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals -- Baseline Concentrations of Heavy Metals -- Correlation Coefficient Between Heavy Metals and Soil Properties -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Associative Study of Aerosol Pollution, Precipitation and Vegetation in Indian Region (2000-2013) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Datasets Used -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Fuzzy Logic Based Performance Evaluation of EIA Reports for Hydroelectric Projects -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives and Scope -- Methodology. , Fuzzy Logic Based Expert Rule System -- Result and Discussion -- Demwe Lower Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Dibbin Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Pauk Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Ting Ting Hydroelectric Project, Sikkim -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Assessment and Prediction of Environmental Noise Generated by Road Traffic in Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background of Nagpur City -- Noise Prediction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Evaluation of Traffic Noise -- Data Extraction -- Traffic Noise Modelling -- Reference Energy Mean Emission Level -- Volume and Speed Correction -- Distance Correction -- Results and Discussions -- Data Analysis -- Spectral Analysis of Junction and Highway Traffic -- Model Illustration -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Time-Dependent Study of Electromagnetic Field and Indoor Meteorological Parameters in Individual Working Environment -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An EMF and Indoor Meteorological Parameters -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Working and Non-working Hours -- Contour -- Additional Measurements -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Fish Biodiversity and Its Periodic Reduction: A Case Study of River Narmada in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Site S1: Shahganj -- Site S2: Bandrabhan (Sangam) -- Site S3: Budhni Ghat -- Site S4: Moukala -- Site S5: Holipur -- Fish Collection and Identification -- Result. , Present Scenario of Fish Diversity of River Narmada at Hoshangabad -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on the Fresh Water Ecosystem-A Case Study of Kappithodu in Kerala -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Result -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Degradation of Heptachlor by High-Carbon Iron Filings (HCIF) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Generation of Pollution -- 19 Biomedical Waste Generation and Management in Public Sector Hospital in Shimla City -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Management of Biomedical Waste -- Methodology -- Observation -- Questionnaire Session -- Management and Implementation at Public Sector Hospital -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Fuel Loss and Related Emissions Due to Idling of Motorized Vehicles at a Major Intersection in Delhi -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Fuel Consumption Measurement -- Emission Estimation Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Emission Inventorisation and Modelling of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds from Petrol Distribution Centres in an Urban Area -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The Study Site -- Data Collection -- Emission Load Estimation -- Air Quality Dispersion Modelling -- Results and Discussion -- NMVOCs Emission Load -- NMVOCs Concentrations Prediction -- Model Validation -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Coal Combustion Residues from a Thermal Power Station of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Selection of Thermal Power Station -- Geographical Location and Study Area Details. , Ash Pond and Ash Handling System.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Sponsors and Co-Sponsors -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Wastewater Treatment -- 1 Investigation on the Treatment of Combined Effluent Treatment Plant Wastewater and Its Safe Use in Agriculture-A Green Technology Concept -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Preparation of Biocarbon -- Collection and Analysis Grey Water -- Treatment of Grey Water: Biosorption Process -- Evaluation of Capacity of Biocarbon -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Biocarbon (BC) -- Surface Analysis -- Characteristics of Grey Water and Treated Water -- Effect of Biocarbon Dose on Heavy Metals Removal -- Removal of Colour from a Grey Water -- Water Reuse in Agriculture Practice -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Evaluation of Treatment Technologies for Arsenic-Free Drinking Water Supply, Disposal of Backwash Water and Exhausted Media in Bihar, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Arsenic Pollution in Bihar -- Mitigation Techniques Adopted -- Probable Waste Disposal Strategies -- Status of Waste Disposal in Bihar -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Simultaneous Removal of Arsenic and Nitrate in Anaerobic Batch Reactors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Setup -- Inoculum and Starting up -- Analytical Methods -- Results -- Nitrate and Arsenic Removal -- Characterization of Precipitates -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Oxyanions Removal by Biological Processes: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Occurrence and Sources of Oxyanions -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Conventional Treatment Strategies for Oxyanions -- Overview of Biological Oxyanion Removal -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Factors Affecting Oxyanion Removal -- Temperature -- PH. , Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) -- COD/Oxyanion Ratio -- COD/Sulfate -- COD/Nitrate -- COD/Perchlorate -- Simultaneous Removal of Multiple Oxyanion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Factors Influencing Electrocoagulation Treatment of UASB Reactor Effluent -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental -- Experimental Design and Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Model Development and Validation -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Performance Evaluation of Filters for Sedimentation Particle Filtration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Particle Size Distribution -- Particles Filtration Efficiency -- Results -- Particle Size Distribution -- Different Particle Sizes -- Particle Volume Distribution -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Magnetic Extracellular Polymer Composite for the Effective Removal of Microcystin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Chemical and Reagent -- Screening and Culturing of Polymer-Producing Microorganisms -- Preparation of Magnetic-Induced ECP -- Removal of Microcystin-LR -- Results and Discussion -- Characterization of Matrices -- Separation of Microcystin-LR by ECP-Fe2O3 -- Characterization of MC-LR -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Bioremediation of Chromium Complex Dye by Growing Aspergillus flavus -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Bioremediation Study in Batch Mode -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Response Surface Optimization -- Combined Effect of Different Parameters on Color Removal -- Confirmatory Experiment -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Biosorption as a Novel Approach for Removing Aluminium from Water Treatment Plant Residual-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Biosorption as a Promising Alternative -- Aluminium Removal Through Biosorption -- Conclusion -- References. , 10 Catalytic Oxidation of Sulphide Laden Tannery Wastewater Without Sludge Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Problems Associated with Presence of Sulphide in Effluent -- Treatment of Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Materials and Methods -- Source and Collection of Lime Sulphide Liquor and Methods -- Materials -- Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon (NPAC) -- Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Wastewater -- Treatment Methods for Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of NPAC -- Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) -- Optimization of pH -- Optimization of H2O2 -- Optimization of NPAC (Nanoporous Activated Carbon) -- Overall Processes -- Instrumental Analyses -- Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and UV-Visible Spectroscopic Studies -- FT-IR Spectroscopic Studies -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Treatment of Dye Wastewater from Textile Industry by Electrocoagulation and Fenton Oxidation: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Dyes -- Classification of Dyes -- Classification Based on the Source of Materials -- Classification Based on Industrial Use of the Dyes -- Usage of Various Dyes in Textile Industries -- Dyeing Wastewater from Textile Industry -- Electrocoagulation -- Mechanism of Electrocoagulation -- Application of Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Fenton Oxidation Process (H2O2/Fe2+) -- Application of Fenton and Electro-Fenton Methods in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Impact of Hydrocarbon Pollutants on Partially Saturated Soil Media in Batch System: Morphological Analysis Using SEM Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Kitchen Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland Microcosm Using Aquatic Macrophytes -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Collection of Experimental Plants -- Experimental Set-up for Greywater Treatment -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Greywater Quality in FWS Microcosm -- Greywater Quality in VSF Microcosm -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Assessment of Aerobic Biodegradability for Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater Generated from Leather Industry -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Analytical Methods -- Characterization of Vegetable Tannin Wastewater -- Aerobic Biodegradation of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Analysis -- Results -- Characterization of Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater -- Aerobic Treatment of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- FTIR Analysis of VTW Before and After Aerobic Treatment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Biodegradability of Syntans Using Ozonation as a Pretreatment Process -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Ozonation Studies -- Experiment Setup for Biodegradation of Syntans Under Aerobic Conditions -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater-Sulfone and Phenol Based -- Ozonation Studies -- Optimization of Contact Time for Phenol-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Optimization of Contact Time for Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Assessment of Biological Treatment of Phenol- and Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater Before and After Ozonation -- Assessment of Biodegradability Before and After Ozonation of Sulfone-Based Syntan -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Treatment of Synthetic Petroleum Refinery Wastewater in Anoxic Reactors at Varied Feed Phenol -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Materials. , Chemicals and Reagents -- Biomass Support Material -- Experimental Methodologies -- Seed Sludge -- Synthetic Feed -- Acclimatization of the Anoxic Reactors -- Reactor Operations with Varying Phenol -- Kinetics Study -- Analytical Methods -- Microscopic Images -- Results and Discussion -- Steady-State Performance of the Anoxic Reactors During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Removal Kinetics of Phenol, Sulphide, Nitrate, Organic COD During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Fluoride Pollution Abatement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Fluoride -- Effects of Fluoride -- Effects on Humans -- Effects on Teeth -- Skeletal Effects -- Cancer -- Status of Fluoride Contamination Around the Globe -- The World Scenario -- Indian Scenario -- Fluoride Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal -- Water Supply Scheme by PHED, West Bengal -- Objective of the Study -- Remedial Material -- Alumina and Aluminum -- Activated Alumina -- Various Removal Methods of Fluoride -- Alternate Water Sources -- Better Nutrition -- De-fluoridation of Water -- Adsorption -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Ion Exchange -- Limitations -- Coagulation-Precipitation -- Advantages -- Limitations -- A Special Case of Co-precipitation is Nalgonda Technique Which is Briefly Described Below -- Nalgonda Technique -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Membrane Process -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Electro-Coagulation Process -- An Experimental Data Collection From Some Fluoride-Affected Area of Birbhum -- Background -- The Study Area -- Primary Data Collection -- Methodology -- Aim -- Methodology -- Sample Preparation and Collection -- Measurement of Fluoride -- De-fluoridation -- Mechanism -- Apparatus Required -- Solution Required -- Development of De-fluoridation Filtration Unit -- Preparation of the Filter Bed. , Details of the Process Are Described Below.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Waste Management and the Agenda 2030 in the Indian Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability Issues Related to Waste Management -- 3 Agenda 2030, SDGs and Waste -- 4 Electronic Waste -- 5 Circular Economy for Sustainable Development -- 6 Sustainable Waste Management: Indian Scenario -- 6.1 Biomedical Waste -- 6.2 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) -- 7 Way Forward: Waste Management-Key to Achieving SDGs -- 8 Summary -- 9 Recommendations -- References -- Waste to Wealth -- Solid Waste Management Methods: A Technological Analysis of Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal and Hybrid Means -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Types of Solid Waste Conversion Technologies -- 2.1 Mechanical Conversion Technology -- 2.2 Thermal Conversion Technologies -- 2.3 Chemical Technologies -- 2.4 Hybrid Technologies -- 3 Conclusions -- 4 Recommendations -- References -- Characterization and Sustainable Utilization of Steel Slag (SS) as a Recycled Aggregates in Indian Concrete Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Material -- 2.1 Sample Collection -- 2.2 SS Waste Characterization Methods and Parameters Analyzed -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of SS Waste -- 3.2 Major, Minor and Trace Analysis of SS Waste -- 3.3 Mineralogical Characteristics of SS Waste -- 3.4 Sieve Analysis of SS Waste -- 3.5 Mechanical Characteristics of SS Wastes -- 3.6 Compressive Strength at 90, 28, and 7 Days -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Application of Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Removal of Heavy Metal Ion from Industrial Waste Water -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Are Heavy Metal Ions? -- 1.2 Toxic Effect of Ions -- 1.3 Industrialization and Deposition of Metal Ions in Water -- 2 How Heavy Metal Ions Affect the Environment. , 3 Water Pollution: Determining the Quality of Water and Factors Inducing Toxicity -- 3.1 Acid Mine Water -- 3.2 Toxicity -- 4 Using Green Chemistry for Removal of Metal Ions-Brief Overview -- 5 Conventional Methods for Removal of Heavy Metal -- 5.1 Chemical Precipitation -- 5.2 Sulfide Precipitation -- 5.3 Ion Exchange -- 5.4 Adsorption -- 5.5 Disadvantages of Conventional Methods of Heavy Metal Removal -- 6 Methods to Remove Deposition of Ions from Water: Nano Technology -- 6.1 What is Nanotechnology? -- 6.2 Classification of Nano Materials [51] -- 6.3 Fabrication Methods -- 6.4 Kinds of Nanomaterials -- 6.5 Water Remediation Using Polymer Nanoparticles -- 7 Removal of Heavy Metal from Industrial Waste Water Using Bio Based Materials -- 7.1 Ligni -- 7.2 Composition of Leaves -- 8 Removal of Cu and Al from Drinking Water -- 8.1 Copper -- 8.2 Aluminum -- 9 Removal of Specific Metals: Zinc and Cadmium -- 9.1 Cadmium -- 9.2 Zinc -- 10 Toxic Effects on Health -- 10.1 Toxicity Mechanism of Some of the Heavy Metals -- 11 Conclusion -- 12 Recommendation -- References -- Waste Management in Indian Pharmaceutical Industries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evolution of Indian Pharmaceutical Sector -- 3 Treatment Methods -- 3.1 Incineration -- 3.2 Autoclaving -- 3.3 Physicochemical Methods -- 3.4 Adsorption Process -- 3.5 Coagulation and Precipitation -- 3.6 Electro-Coagulation -- 3.7 Constructed Wetlands -- 3.8 Biological Processes -- 3.9 Membrane Separation -- 4 Management Practices in India -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Erosion Management of Riparian Ecosystem in Coal Mining Area Through Selective Vegetation -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Coal Mining -- 1.2 Riparian Ecosystem -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Coal Mining -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Coal Mining (OB Dump) -- 3.2 Riparian Land -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References. , Waste to Energy -- Urban Solid Waste Management for Enhancement of Agricultural Productivity in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste -- 3 Agricultural Productivity: Waste to Wealth to Health -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Food Waste Utilization for the Production of Biogas by Anaerobic Digestion: A Case Study in Coal Capital of India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Formation and Chemical Properties of Biogas -- 2.1 Methane -- 2.2 Carbon Dioxide -- 2.3 Other Components -- 3 Anaerobic Digestion -- 4 Stages of Anaerobic Digestion -- 4.1 Hydrolysis -- 4.2 Acidogenesis -- 4.3 Methanogenesis -- 5 Biogasification: Policies and Current Status in India -- 6 Materials and Methods -- 6.1 Study Location -- 6.2 Waste Collection and Processing -- 6.3 Exploratory Set-Up -- 6.4 Analytical Methods -- 6.5 Measurements -- 7 Result and Discussion -- 8 Methane Yields -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Low-Cost Microbial Fuel Cell for Converting Waste to Electricity and Abating Pollution -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Description of Microbial Fuel Cell -- 2 Cathode Materials -- 2.1 Modified Carbon Catalysts -- 2.2 Transition Metal Oxides -- 2.3 Metal Doped Complex Organic Catalysts -- 3 Anode Materials -- 3.1 Anode Modification Using Metal Oxides -- 3.2 Anode Modification Using Conductive Polymers -- 3.3 Anode Modification Using Graphene and Carbon Nanotube -- 4 Proton Exchange Membrane -- 4.1 Nafion and Its Modifications -- 4.2 Non-Nafion Sulfonated Polymeric Membranes -- 4.3 Polymeric Membranes -- 4.4 Clayware Membranes -- 5 Alternative to High-Cost Terminal Electron Acceptors -- 6 Perspectives and Way Forward -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Recent Developments in Energy Recovery from Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge via Anaerobic Digestion -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Anaerobic Digestion Process. , 2 Environmental Requirements and Control -- 2.1 Temperature -- 2.2 Alkalinity and pH -- 2.3 Nutrients -- 2.4 Retention Time -- 2.5 OLR and Sludge Feed Composition -- 2.6 Seeding and Mixing -- 3 Process Inhibition -- 3.1 Ammonia Inhibition -- 3.2 Volatile Fatty Acids -- 3.3 Sulphide/Sulphate -- 4 Process Configurations -- 4.1 High Rate or Continuous Digester -- 4.2 Two-Stage Digester -- 4.3 Digester Design Considerations -- 5 Pre-treatment -- 5.1 Physical Pre-treatment -- 5.2 Chemical Pre-treatment -- 5.3 Biological Pre-treatment -- 6 Biogas Refinement -- 7 Biogas Utilization Systems -- 8 Challenges and Opportunities -- 9 Conclusions -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Waste and Sustainability -- Management of Waste Plastic: Conversion and Its Degradation as an Environment Concern in Asian Country -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Healthcare Waste -- 2.1 Management of Healthcare Waste -- 3 Plastic Waste in Soil -- 3.1 Management of Plastic Waste in Soil -- 4 Municipal Solid Waste -- 4.1 Management of Municipal Solid Waste -- 5 Household Waste Plastic and Its Management -- 6 Marine Waste Plastic -- 6.1 Management of Marine Waste Plastic -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Gold Phytomining in India: An Approach to Circular Economy in the 21st Century -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gold Phytomining -- 2.1 Gold Phytomining-Indian Scenario and an Approach to the Circular Economy -- 3 Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Conclusions -- Update, Conclusions and Recommendations for "Environment Management: Waste to Wealth in India" -- 1 Background -- 2 Update -- 2.1 From Waste to Energy -- 2.2 Waste and Sustainability -- 3 Conclusions -- 3.1 From Waste to Wealth -- 3.2 From Waste to Energy -- 3.3 Waste and Sustainability -- 4 Recommendations -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-Sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Groundwater -- 1 Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Jaisamand Basin of Udaipur District -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Description of Study Area -- Data acquisition -- Software Used -- Determination of Aquifer Parameters by Pumping Test -- Analyzing Pumping Test Data by Curve-matching Technique -- Groundwater Potential Assessment by Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- Selection of Thematic Layers -- Generation of Thematic Layers -- Groundwater Recharge Map -- Transmissivity Map -- Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones -- Suitable Strategies for Sustainable Groundwater Resources Management -- Results and Discussion -- Aquifer Parameters -- Estimation of Aquifer Parameters -- Groundwater Recharge -- Features of Different Thematic Maps -- Groundwater Potential Zoning -- Weights for thematic maps -- Groundwater Potential Zones -- Groundwater Resources Management -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Groundwater Level: A Case Study of Wainganga Sub-basin, Nagpur, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Mann-Kendall Test -- Sen's Slope Estimator Test -- Ordinary Kriging -- Results and Discussion -- Temporal Analysis -- Spatial Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Spatio-Temporal Variation and Trend Analysis of Groundwater Level in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data and Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Spatiotemporal Relationship Linking Land Use/Land Cover with Groundwater Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data -- Methodology -- Base Map Creation -- Groundwater Level Kriging -- Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) Classification -- Grid Generation. , Overlay Analysis -- Results -- Geostatistical Analysis of Groundwater Level -- LU/LC Classification -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Groundwater System Modelling and Sensitivity of Groundwater Level Prediction in Indo-Gangetic Alluvial Plains -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Groundwater System Simulation -- Study Area -- Geology of Study Area -- MODFLOW Model Design and Software -- Model Calibration and Validation -- Steady-State Calibration -- Transient State Calibration -- Model Validation -- Results and Discussion -- Groundwater Level Prediction -- Uncertainty Analysis -- Sensitivity Analysis -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model Coupling with Hydrochemical Parameters in Hard Rock Area from Southern India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Data Collection -- DRASTIC Model -- Results and Discussion -- DRASTIC Model Parameters -- Depth to Groundwater Table -- Recharge -- Aquifer Yields -- Soil Media -- Topography -- Impact of Vadose Zone -- Conductivity -- Vulnerable Map Using the DRASTIC Model -- Validation Aquifer Vulnerability -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Groundwater Recharge -- 7 Development of Groundwater Recharge Plan for Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh Using GIS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Paleochannel Recharge Sources in the Central Godavari Delta, A.P., India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Irrigation Canal Network -- Hydrogeology -- Identified Paleochannel -- Sampling and Analysis -- Stable Isotope Characterization -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Change of Land Use/Land Cover on Groundwater Recharge in Malaprabha Catchment, Belagavi, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Study Area -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Rainfall Analysis -- Infiltration and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity -- Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using Empirical Methods -- Modelling -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Groundwater Quality -- 10 Causes and Sources of Groundwater Pollution: A Case Study of Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Modeling Leachate Migration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Experimental Study -- Leachate Quality Analysis -- Soil Column Test to Determine the Parameters -- Analytical Model -- Assumptions -- Initial Conditions -- Boundary Conditions -- Numerical Model -- Uncertainty Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Identification of Hydrogeochemical Process in Hard Rock Terrain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Geology of the Study Area -- Sample Collection -- Analytical Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Hydrogeochemical Process -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Major Ion Chemistry -- Water Quality Assessment -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Cations -- Anions -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Spatial and Temporal Nitrate Transport in Deep Heterogeneous Vadose Zone of India's Alluvial Plain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Governing Equations for Flow -- Governing Equations for Solute Transport -- Model Domain and Boundary Conditions -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Riverbank Filtration as a Sustainable Solution for Drinking Water Quality and Quantity Problems in Haridwar, Uttarakhand -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area Description -- Hydrogeological Settings -- Materials and Method -- Water Sampling and Detailed Methodology. , Water Quality Analysis of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Parameters -- Results of Water Quality Analysis -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 A Study of the Characteristics of Groundwater Solute Transport Parameters -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Present Study and Objectives -- Mathematical Background -- Case Studies -- Injection/Pumping Well Problem -- 3-D Waste Dump Problem -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 Prioritization for Management of Groundwater Quality-Related Problems of Rajsamand District of Rajasthan -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Location -- Geomorphology and Drainage -- Rainfall and Climate -- Soil, Land Use and Irrigation Practices -- Physiography and Geology -- Materials and Methods -- Collection of Groundwater Samples -- Results -- Well Depth -- Water Level -- Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) -- PH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Cationic Composition -- Anionic Composition -- Classification of Groundwater for Irrigation Suitability -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Effect of Biochar Amendment on Nitrate Leaching in Two Soil Types of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Details -- Preparation of Soil Columns -- Biochar Amendment -- Soil Columns Incubation and Leaching -- Results and Discussion -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Total NO3− Leached in Inceptisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Total NO3− Leached in Vertisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Leaching of Total Dissolved Salt in Inceptisol -- Effect of Native Soil Carbon and Biochar on Leaching of Total Dissolved Salt in Vertisol -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality in and Around Laharpur Reservoir, Bhopal -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Frequency -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion. , References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environment: Hydrologic Impacts -- 1 Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material Used for Construction of Pavements -- Plastic Cell -- Cement -- Soil and Moorum -- Crushed Aggregate for Surface Layer -- Crushed Aggregate for WBM Subbase -- Soil-Cement Mix for Subbase Layer -- Mix Composition and Strength of Cement Concrete -- Roller Compacted Concrete -- Construction of Test Sections -- Preparation of Subgrade -- Construction of Subbase -- Construction of Surface Layer -- Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Using Falling Weight Deflectometer -- Using Benkelman Beam -- Comparison of Deflections Measured Using Benkelman Beam Method and FWD -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Global Warming Issues-Need for Sustainable Drainage System in Urban Areas-Green Construction Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indian Climate and Monsoon -- Reasons of Global Warming -- Literature Review -- Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement -- Permeable Asphalt -- Permeable Concrete -- Concrete for Sustainable Development -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Bio-environment -- 3 Water Hyacinth: A Useful Plant to Improve Rural Economy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Hyacinth Control and Its Applications -- Practical Utilization of Water Hyacinth -- References -- 4 Growth, Biomass and Carbon Sequestration by Trees in Nutrient-Deficient Bhata Land Soil of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Growth and Biomass of Different Tree Species -- CO2 Sequestration of Different Tree Species -- Soil Organic Carbon Under Different Tree Species -- Conclusion -- References. , 5 Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth of Different Bacterial Species -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Performance of Low-Cost Microbial Fuel Cell Using Earthenware Separator -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Operating Principle of MFC -- Methodology -- MFC Construction -- MFC Operation -- Preparation of Earthenware Separator -- Analysis and Calculation -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Characterization of Separator -- EDS Analysis -- Power Production in MFC -- Coulombic Efficiency -- Polarization Study and Internal Resistance -- Wastewater Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Chemical Environment -- 7 Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Materials -- Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles -- Characterization Techniques -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Superiority of Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Over Existing Reactor Arrangements for Chemical Looping Combustion-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) -- CLC Requirements -- Existing Reactor Configuration for CLC -- Issues Related to the Existing Interconnected Reactors Arrangement -- Bed Particle Attrition -- Loop-Seal Operation -- Heat Losses -- Cluster Formation -- Gas Bypassing -- Short Residence Time -- Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Design for CLC -- Working -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Enhancing N Use Efficiency and Reducing N2O Emission by Coating Urea with Newly Identified Bio-Molecule (C20H30O2), Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Protocol for the Preparation of Nano-ZnO and Nano-rock Phosphate Coated Urea. , Pot Culture Experiment on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Experimental Details and Measurement of N2O Emission -- Statistical Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Nutrient Content of Coated Fertilizers -- Impact of Urea Coated with Pine Oleoresin, Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Trends in N2O Emission During Incubation Period -- Cumulative Emission of N2O from Coated Fertilizers -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Gamma Radiation Technology for Hygienization of Municipal Dry Sewage Sludge -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Environment: Social Environment -- 11 Participatory Approach for Corporate Social Responsibility Plan in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Socio-economic Baseline Data for CSR Plan -- Participatory Survey -- Participatory Approach -- Team Building -- Other Impacts -- Steps in Conducting CSR -- CSR Methods and Tools -- Examples of Questions to Be Addressed in CSR Planning -- Sources of Information -- The CSR Plan Requires Both Primary and Secondary Data -- Data Collection Methods for Preparing CSR Plan -- Qualitative Methods -- Quantitative Methods -- Reference -- Energy: Solar Energy -- 12 Solar-Powered Cold Storage System for Horticultural Crops -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Solar PV Powered Refrigeration System -- Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Panel System -- Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) -- Battery Bank -- Sensor for Temperature and RH Controller in Cold Storage -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Feasibility of Solar Pumps for Salt Farmers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Process of Salt Production -- Highlights of Yearly Cycle -- Components Involved in the System -- Operation of Solar Water Pumping System. , Net Present Value for Solar Versus Diesel -- Features for Safe Future -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Energy: Hydropower -- 14 Development of Uttarakhand Using Alternative Energy Source as Micro Hydropower -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective of the Study -- Study Area -- Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Problems Faced by the Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Kotabagh Micro Hydro Power Project Description and Its Problems -- Results and Conclusion -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Selected References -- 15 Comparative Studies on Performance of Commercially Available High-Power PC-LED Bulbs Under Tropical Conditions -- Abstract -- Introduction to Solid State Lighting -- Standard Research Methodology "Useful Life" of High-Power PC-LED -- Proposed Experimental Setup and Methodology -- Lumen Depreciation Measurement -- Ambient and Body Temperature of High-Power PC-LED -- Results Obtained -- Outcome and Further Research work -- References -- 16 Design and Development of Pedal Operated Flour Mill with Multi-Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Energy: Biogas -- 17 Development of Family Size FRP Biogas Plant Based on Kitchen Waste -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 A Computer-Based Expert System to Design Deenbandhu Biogas Plant -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Procedure -- Data Collection -- Assumptions for Model -- Validation and Evaluation of Expert System -- Results and Discussion -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Prosopis juliflora-A Potential Problematic Weed for Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods. , Results and Discussion -- Composition of Biomass -- Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment -- Selection of Optimal Pretreatment Conditions -- Enzymatic Hydrolysis -- Fermentation Profile of Enzymatic Hydrolysate -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Oil Extraction, Biodiesel Production and CI Engine Investigation Using Madhuca indica Methyl Ester -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Oil Extraction Process -- Biodiesel Production -- Cloth Filtering -- Caustic Pre-treatment -- Acid Pre-treatment -- Transesterification Process -- Comparison of Properties of Diesel and Biodiesel -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 21 Design and Development of Producer Gas-Based Heat Exchanger for Drying Application -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Performance Evaluation of Updraft Gasifier -- Development of Single Pass Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Design Parameters of Updraft Biomass Gasifier and Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Fuel Consumption Rate on Producer Gas Composition and Calorific Value for Various Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate, and Gas Flow Rate on Air Outlet Temperature of Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate on LMTD, Heat Transfer Area, and Heat Exchanger Effectiveness Using Different Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate and Fuel Consumption Rate on Dryer Inlet Hot Air Temperature Using Different Biomass -- Conclusion -- References -- 22 Carbon Storage Potential in Dominant Trees of Koraput District of Odisha -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Sampling and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Above Ground Biomass (AGB) -- Above Ground Carbon (AGC). , Conclusions.