Note: Intro -- Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Part I: Physical Properties of Sediments and Slope Stability Assessment -- 1.3 Part II: Seafloor Geomorphology for Trigger Mechanisms and Landslide Dynamics -- 1.4 Part III: Role of Fluid Flow in Slope Instability -- 1.5 Part IV: Mechanics of Mass-Wasting in Subduction Margins -- 1.6 Part V: Post-failure Dynamics -- 1.7 Part VI: Landslide Generated Tsunamis -- 1.8 Part VII: Witnessing and Quasi-Witnessing of Slope Failures -- 1.9 Part VIII: Architecture of Mass Transport Deposits/Complexes -- 1.10 Part IX: Relevance of Natural Climate Change in Triggering Slope Failures -- 1.11 Future Perspectives -- References -- Part I: Physical Properties of Sediments and Slope Stability Assessment -- Chapter 2: Risk Assessment for Earthquake-Induced Submarine Slides -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Stability of Submarine Slopes Under Earthquake Loading -- 2.3 Factors Influencing Soil Strength Under Seismic Loading -- 2.3.1 Rapid Loss of Shear Strength and Liquefaction Phenomenon -- 2.3.2 Special Considerations for Clay Slopes Under Earthquake Loading -- 2.3.3 Effect of High-Frequency Cyclic Loading on Static Shear Strength -- 2.3.4 Effect of Cyclic Loading on Undrained Creep -- 2.4 Risk Assessment for Submarine Slides -- 2.4.1 Probabilistic Slope Stability Assessment -- 2.4.2 Estimation of Annual Probability of Slope Failure -- 2.4.3 Interpretation of Computed Static Failure Probability in a Bayesian Framework -- 2.5 Recommended Calculation Procedure -- 2.6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Shallow Landslides and Their Dynamics in Coastal and Deepwater Environments, Norway -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geological Setting -- 3.3 Data and Methods. , 3.4 Results - From Geomorphology to Soil Properties and Stability -- 3.4.1 Coastal Environment - Sørfjorden (Finneidfjord) -- 3.4.2 Intermediate Water Depths - Vesterålen Margin -- 3.4.3 Deepwater Setting - Lofoten Margin -- 3.5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Physical Properties and Age of Continental Slope Sediments Dredged from the Eastern Australian Continental Margin - Implications for Timing of Slope Failure -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area -- 4.3 Results -- 4.3.1 Dredged Materials - Sedimentology and Geomechanical Properties -- 4.3.2 Palaeontology/Dating -- 4.3.3 Geomechanical Modeling -- 4.4 Discussion and a Hypothesis -- References -- Chapter 5: Submarine Landslides on the Upper Southeast Australian Passive Continental Margin - Preliminary Findings -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Study Area -- 5.2 Data and Methods -- 5.2.1 Bathymetry and Slide Geometry -- 5.2.2 Sediment Properties -- 5.3 Results and Interpretation -- 5.3.1 Sediment Properties -- 5.3.2 14 C Radiocarbon Ages -- 5.4 Modeling -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Development and Potential Triggering Mechanisms for a Large Holocene Landslide in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Objectives -- 6.2 Data and Methods -- 6.3 Morphology of the Betsiamites Slide Complex -- 6.4 Lithostratigraphy and Failure Surface -- 6.5 Movement Development -- 6.6 Triggering Mechanisms -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Work -- References -- Chapter 7: Spatially Fixed Initial Break Point and Fault-Rock Development in a Landslide Area -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Setting -- 7.3 Methods -- 7.3.1 Tilt and Groundwater Level Measurement -- 7.3.2 Core Analysis -- 7.3.3 Detailed Monitoring During Slipa -- 7.4 Results -- 7.4.1 Dilation and Slip -- 7.4.2 Core Analysis -- 7.5 Summary -- References. , Chapter 8: Pore Water Geochemistry as a Tool for Identifying and Dating Recent Mass-Transport Deposits -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Material and Methods -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.4.1 Pore Water Profiles at Potential MTD Sites -- 8.4.2 Geochemical Transport/Reaction Modeling -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: An In-Situ Free-Fall Piezocone Penetrometer for Characterizing Soft and Sensitive Clays at Finneidfjord (Northern Norway) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Setting -- 9.3 Material and Methods -- 9.4 Results -- 9.4.1 Comparison of FF-CPTU and Pushed CPTU Tests -- 9.4.2 Laboratory Analyses -- 9.4.3 Comparison of In-Situ and Laboratory Results -- 9.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Static and Cyclic Shear Strength of Cohesive and Non-cohesive Sediments -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methods -- 10.2.1 Research Approach -- 10.2.2 Sample Description -- 10.2.3 Testing Procedure -- 10.2.4 Data Acquisition and Analysis -- 10.3 Results and Discussion -- 10.3.1 Exemplary Cyclic Test Results -- 10.3.2 Generic Study -- 10.3.3 Case Study -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Upstream Migration of Knickpoints: Geotechnical Considerations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Experimental Setup and Method -- 11.3 Results -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Seafloor Geomorphology for Trigger Mechanisms and Landslide Dynamics -- Chapter 12: A Reevaluation of the Munson-Nygren-Retriever Submarine Landslide Complex, Georges Bank Lower Slope, Western North Atlantic -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Data -- 12.2 Results and Interpretations -- 12.2.1 Munson-Nygren Slide -- 12.2.2 Retriever Slide -- 12.2.3 Picket Slide -- 12.3 Age of Slope Failure -- References -- Chapter 13: Submarine Landslides in Arctic Sedimentation: Canada Basin -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Regional Geology. , 13.1.2 Methods -- 13.2 Results -- 13.2.1 Canadian Archipelago Slope and Rise -- 13.2.2 MacKenzie-Beaufort Slope and Rise -- 13.3 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Extensive Erosion of the Deep Seafloor - Implications for the Behavior of Flows Resulting from Continental Slope Instability -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Areas of Erosion by Gravity Currents -- 14.3 Areas of Deposition from Gravity Currents -- 14.4 Discussion -- 14.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Investigations of Slides at the Upper Continental Slope Off Vesterålen, North Norway -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Database -- 15.3 Landforms and Geological Setting -- 15.4 Results -- 15.4.1 Morphological Features -- 15.4.2 Seismic Stratigraphy, Slides and Failure Planes -- 15.4.3 X-Ray Images, Core Logging and Soil Mechanical Testing -- 15.5 Discussion -- 15.6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: Dakar Slide Offshore Senegal, NW-Africa: Interaction of Stacked Giant Mass Wasting Events and Canyon Evolution -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.1.1 Structural Setting -- 16.1.2 Data -- 16.2 Results -- 16.2.1 Seismic Units and Stratigraphy -- 16.2.2 Dakar Slide -- 16.2.3 Older MTDs -- 16.2.4 Dakar Canyon -- 16.2.5 Sedimentary Ridges -- 16.3 Discussion -- 16.3.1 Dakar Slide: Age and Type of Failure -- 16.3.2 History of Mass Wasting Off Southern Senegal -- 16.3.3 Interaction Between Slope Failures and Canyons -- 16.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: Large-Scale Mass Wasting on the Northwest African Continental Margin: Some General Implications for Mass Wasting on Passive Continental Margins -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Results and Interpretations -- 17.2.1 Sahara Slide -- 17.2.2 Cap Blanc Slide -- 17.2.3 Mauritania Slide Complex -- 17.2.4 Dakar Slide -- 17.3 Discussion -- 17.3.1 Mass Wasting Off Northwest Africa: Where and Why?. , 17.3.2 Timing of Landslides and Geohazard Potential -- 17.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18: Deep-Seated Bedrock Landslides and Submarine Canyon Evolution in an Active Tectonic Margin: Cook Strait, New Zealand -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Data Sets and Methodology -- 18.3 Results -- 18.3.1 Submarine Canyon Morphology -- 18.3.2 Landslides -- 18.3.2.1 Morphological Characteristics -- 18.3.2.2 Distribution -- 18.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- 18.4.1 Nature of Landslides -- 18.4.2 Causes of Landslides -- 18.4.3 Spatial Distribution of Landslides -- 18.4.4 Role of Landslides in Canyon Evolution -- References -- Chapter 19: Polyphase Emplacement of a 30 km 3 Blocky Debris Avalanche and Its Role in Slope-Gully Development -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Tectonic and Sedimentary Setting -- 19.3 Data and Methods -- 19.4 Stratigraphic and Morphological Analyses -- 19.5 PDA Emplacement and Upper Slope Gully Development -- 19.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 20: Slope Failure and Canyon Development Along the Northern South China Sea Margin -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Regional Setting -- 20.3 Data and Methods -- 20.4 Results -- 20.4.1 Canyon Morphology -- 20.4.2 Slope Failure Features -- 20.5 Discussion -- 20.5.1 Canyon Origin -- 20.5.2 Implications for Geohazard Risk -- References -- Chapter 21: Distinguishing Sediment Bedforms from Sediment Deformation in Prodeltas of the Mediterranean Sea -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.1.1 Regional Setting -- 21.1.2 Methods -- 21.2 Results -- 21.2.1 Morphology of Undulated Prodeltas -- 21.2.2 Seismostratigraphy of Prodelta Undulations -- 21.2.3 Physical Properties of Prodelta Undulations -- 21.2.4 Sediment Transport Processes on Undulated Prodeltas -- 21.3 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 22: Hydroacoustic Analysis of Mass Wasting Deposits in Lake Ohrid (FYR Macedonia/Albania) -- 22.1 Introduction. , 22.2 Seismic Stratigraphy and Slide Bodies.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Physical Properties of Sediments -- Chapter 1: Weak Layers: Their Definition and Classification from a Geotechnical Perspective -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Weak Layer Definition -- 1.3 Weak Layer Observations -- 1.4 Classification System from a Geotechnical Approach -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Field Measurements to Investigate Submerged Slope Failures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Interpretation Methods of Field Measurements -- 2.2.1 Relative Density -- 2.2.2 State Parameter -- 2.3 Application on Test Locations -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: Elemental Distribution and Microfabric Characterization Across a Buried Slump Scar: New Insights on the Long-Term Development and Reactivation of Scar Surfaces from a Microscopic Perspective -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geological Setting -- 3.3 Investigation of Remineralization at the Unconformity -- 3.3.1 X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) -- 3.3.2 X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) -- 3.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) -- 3.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Evidence for Mass Transport Deposits at the IODP JFAST-Site in the Japan Trench -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Background and Geological Setting -- 4.3 Material and Methods -- 4.3.1 Bathymetric Mapping -- 4.3.2 Sediment Core -- 4.3.2.1 Physical Properties -- 4.3.2.2 Pore-Water Analyses -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Discussion -- 4.5.1 Evidencing Mass Transport Deposits at the JFAST-Site -- 4.5.2 Estimating the Age of the MTD Formation -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Preliminary Investigations of Rheological Properties of Busan Clays and Possible Implications for DebrisFlow Modelling -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Materials and Methods -- 5.3 Results. , 5.3.1 Rheological Behaviour of the Busan Clays -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Utilizing Cone Penetration Tests for Landslide Evaluation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Site Characterization -- 6.3 Methods -- 6.3.1 In-Situ CPT Measurements -- 6.3.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 Static CPT -- 6.4.2 Vibratory CPT -- 6.4.3 Dissipation Test -- 6.4.4 Liquefaction Analysis with CLiq Software -- 6.5 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Geomechanical Characterization of Submarine Volcano-Flank Sediments, Martinique, Lesser Antilles Arc -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Geomechanical Characterization -- 7.3 Results -- 7.3.1 Summary of Hole Stratigraphy -- 7.3.2 Consolidation State -- 7.3.3 Hydraulic Conductivity -- 7.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part II Gas Hydrates and Role of Interstitial Fluids in Submarine Slope Failure -- Chapter 8: Interrelationship Between Sediment Fabric, Pore Volume Variations as Indicator for Pore Pressure Changes, and Sediment Shear Strength -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Method -- 8.3 Results -- 8.4 Discussion -- 8.4.1 Interplay: Sediment Strength and Pore Volume Changes -- 8.4.1.1 Effect of Grain Shape Complexity -- 8.4.2 Local Pore Volume Changes -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Slope Instability of Glaciated Continental Margins: Constraints from Permeability-Compressibility Tests and Hydrogeological Modeling Off Storfjorden, NW Barents Sea -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data and Methods -- 9.3 Results -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Baiyun Slide and Its Relation to Fluid Migration in the Northern Slope of Southern China Sea -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Geological Setting -- 10.3 Data and Methods -- 10.4 Results -- 10.4.1 Morphology and Distribution of Baiyun Slide. , 10.4.2 Seismic Indications of Gas and Fluid Migration -- 10.4.2.1 Active Faults Related to Gas and Fluid Migration -- 10.4.2.2 Gas Chimneys -- 10.5 Discussion -- 10.5.1 Relationship Between Fluid Migration and Slope Stability -- 10.5.2 Possible Trigger Mechanisms -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Post-failure Processes on the Continental Slope of the Central Nile Deep-Sea Fan: Interactions Between Fluid Seepage, Sediment Deformation and Sediment-Wave Construction -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methods -- 11.3 Results -- 11.3.1 Architecture and Age of MTDs and Slope Deposits -- 11.3.2 Seabed Sediment Undulations -- 11.3.3 Sediment Pathways -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.4.1 End-Members: Sediment Waves Versus Deformation Structures -- 11.4.2 Post-failure Slope Evolution -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Fluid Seepage in Relation to Seabed Deformation on the Central Nile Deep-Sea Fan, Part 1: Evidence from Sidescan Sonar Data -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methods -- 12.3 Results -- 12.3.1 Erosional Furrows -- 12.3.2 Sediment Cracks -- 12.3.3 Carbonate Pavements -- 12.3.4 Hydroacoustic Flares -- 12.4 Discussion -- 12.4.1 Mid-slope Domain: Focused Fluid Flow Through MTDs -- 12.4.2 Western Undulations: Fluid Flow Along Faults Rooted in MTDs -- 12.4.3 Eastern Undulations: Exhumation of Fossil Carbonates -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Fluid Seepage in Relation to Seabed Deformation on the Central Nile Deep-Sea Fan, Part 2: Evidence from Multibeam and Sidescan Imagery -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methods -- 13.3 Results -- 13.3.1 Faults and Fluid Indicators on Sub-bottom Profiles -- 13.3.2 Seabed Backscatter Anomalies at Differing Frequencies -- 13.3.3 Water Column Gas Flares -- 13.4 Discussion -- 13.4.1 Growth and Burial of Carbonate Pavements -- 13.4.2 Fluid Migration Along Fault Planes -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References. , Part III Slope Stability and Risk Assessment -- Chapter 14: Advances in Offshore Seismic Slope Stability: A Case History -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Geomorphological and Geotechnical Data -- 14.2.1 Site Investigations -- 14.2.2 Geomorphological Setting -- 14.2.3 Geotechnical and Geophysical Data Integration -- 14.2.4 Soil Sampling -- 14.2.5 Advanced Laboratory Testing -- 14.3 Stability Analyses -- 14.3.1 Conventional Approach -- 14.3.2 Dynamic Approach -- 14.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Size-Frequency Relationship of Submarine Landslides at Convergent Plate Margins: Implications for Hazard and Risk Assessment -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Tectonic Setting of the MA and CC Convergent Margins -- 15.3 MA and CC Slumps and Slides: Observations and Data -- 15.4 Size-Frequency Relationships -- 15.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: A Numerical Investigation of Sediment Destructuring as a Potential Globally Widespread Trigger for Large Submarine Landslides on Low Gradients -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.1.1 Destructuring of Cemented Hemipelagic Clay as a Source of Overpressure -- 16.1.2 Aims and Approach -- 16.2 Methodology -- 16.2.1 Material Model -- 16.2.2 Model Description -- 16.2.3 Assumptions and Limitations -- 16.3 Results -- 16.4 Discussion -- 16.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: How Stable Is the Nice Slope? - An Analysis Based on Strength and Cohesion from Ring Shear Experiments -- 17.1 Introduction and Geological Setting -- 17.2 Methods -- 17.2.1 Coring and Sedimentological Analysis -- 17.2.2 Shear Experiments with the Ring Shear Apparatus -- 17.2.3 Stability Assessment of the Nice Slope Sediments -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Sedimentological Analysis and Physical Properties -- 17.3.2 Frictional Behavior of the Nice Slope Sediments -- 17.3.3 Stability Assessment of the Nice Slope Sediments -- 17.4 Discussion. , References -- Chapter 18: Regional Slope Stability Assessment Along the Caucasian Shelf of the Black Sea -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Geological Engineering Conditions Along the Caucasian Shelf of the Black Sea -- 18.3 Methods -- 18.4 Regional Submarine Slope Stability Assessment Based on 1D Modelling -- 18.5 Local Submarine Slope Stability Assessment Based on 1D Modelling -- 18.5.1 Dzhubga -- 18.5.2 Novomikhailovsky -- 18.5.3 Tuapse -- 18.5.4 Ashe -- 18.5.5 Shahe -- 18.5.6 Dagomis -- 18.5.7 Kudepsta -- 18.6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: A Semi-empirical Method to Assess Flow-Slide Probability -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Failure Mechanisms -- 19.2.1 Static Liquefaction -- 19.2.2 Breach Flow-Slide -- 19.3 Physical-Based Models -- 19.3.1 Static Liquefaction -- 19.3.2 Breach Flow-Slide -- 19.3.3 Applicability of Physical-Based Models -- 19.4 Empirical Method -- 19.4.1 Basic Information and Mean Flow-Slide Frequency -- 19.4.2 General Applicability to Other Regions in the Netherlands -- 19.4.3 Influence of Local Soil Characteristics and Slope Geometry -- 19.5 Semi-empirical Method -- 19.5.1 Determination of P(ZVliquefaction) -- 19.5.2 Determination of P(ZVbreachflow) -- 19.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 20: Submarine Slope Stability Assessment of the Central Mediterranean Continental Margin: The Gela Basin -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Geological Setting -- 20.3 Material and Methods -- 20.3.1 Shipboard and Laboratory Analysis -- 20.3.2 Overpressure Estimation -- 20.3.3 Slope Stability Analysis -- 20.4 Results -- 20.4.1 Physical and Geotechnical Properties -- 20.4.2 Slope Stability Analysis -- 20.5 Discussion -- 20.5.1 Preconditioning Factors -- 20.5.2 Triggering Factors -- 20.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV Monitoring, Observation and Repeated Surveys of Active Slope Failure Processes. , Chapter 21: The 1930 Landslide in Orkdalsfjorden: Morphology and Failure Mechanism.