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  • Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on.  (1)
  • Global hydrological models  (1)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :American Geophysical Union,
    Keywords: Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (253 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781118971796
    Series Statement: Geophysical Monograph Series ; v.221
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- TITLE PAGE -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Part I Overview of the Changes in the Terrestrial Water Cycle -- Chapter 1 Macroscale Hydrological Modeling and Global Water Balance -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. COMPONENTS OF TERRESTRIAL HYDROLOGICAL CYCLES -- 1.3. GLOBAL WATER BALANCE IN EARLY ERA -- 1.4. MACROSCALE MODELING FOR WATER CYCLE IN NATURE -- 1.5. CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN IMPACT -- 1.6. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING -- 1.7. PROSPECTS FOR GLOBAL HYDROLOGY AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Historical and Future Changes in Streamflow and Continental Runoff: A Review -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.2. STREAMFLOW AND RUNOFF DATA -- 2.3. HISTORICAL CHANGES IN STREAMFLOW AND RUNOFF -- 2.4. MODEL-PROJECTED FUTURE CHANGES IN RUNOFF AND STREAMFLOW -- 2.5. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Changes in the Global Terrestrial Water Cycle: A Review and Synthesis -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. DEVELOPMENT OF LONG-TERM RETROSPECTIVE WATER BUDGET DATA SET -- 3.3. ASSESSMENTS OF THE RETROSPECTIVE WATER BUDGET -- 3.4. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part II Human Alterations of the Terrestrial Water Cycle -- Chapter 4 Human-Induced Changes in the Global Water Cycle -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. MACROSCALE WATER MANAGEMENT MODELS AND INTERCOMPARISONS -- 4.3. GLOBAL CONSUMPTIVE USE OF WATER -- 4.4. RESERVOIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL LAND SURFACE WATER STORAGE VARIATIONS -- 4.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Impacts of Groundwater Pumping on Regional and Global Water Resources -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION -- 5.2. HUMAN WATER USE AND GROUNDWATER PUMPING -- 5.3. DIRECT AND INDIRECT CLIMATE IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES -- 5.4. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ESTIMATES OF GROUNDWATER DEPLETION. , 5.5. GROUNDWATER DEPLETION AND SEA-LEVEL RISE -- 5.6. FUTURE PROJECTIONS OF GROUNDWATER DEPLETION AND THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HUMAN WATER USE -- 5.7. A WAY FORWARD -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Land Use/Cover Change Impacts on Hydrology in Large River Basins: A Review -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. EXAMINED VARIABLES -- 6.3. APPROACHES -- 6.4. LAND COVER CHANGE IMPACTS -- 6.5. OUTSTANDING ISSUES -- 6.6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part III Recent Advances in Hydrological Measurement and Observation -- Chapter 7 GRACE-Based Estimates of Global Groundwater Depletion -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. GLOBAL GROUNDWATER CHANGES -- 7.3. SUMMARY -- 7.4. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Regional-Scale Combined Land-Atmosphere Water Balance Based on Daily Observations in Illinois -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. DATA -- 8.3. THEORY AND METHODOLOGY -- 8.4. RESULTS -- 8.5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Part IV Integrated Modeling of the Terrestrial Water Cycle -- Chapter 9 Drivers of Change in Managed Water Resources: Modeling the Impacts of Climate and Socioeconomic Changes Using the US Midwest as a Case Study -- 9.1. INTRODUCTION -- 9.2. MODELING FRAMEWORK -- 9.3. REGIONAL APPLICATION: DOMAIN, FORCING, AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH -- 9.4. APPLICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGE -- 9.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Modeling the Role of Vegetation in Hydrological Responses to Climate Change -- 10.1. INTRODUCTION -- 10.2. ADVANCES IN HYDROLOGICAL MODELING -- 10.3. MODEL EXPERIMENT -- 10.4. HYDROLOGICAL MODELING RESULTS -- 10.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Estimating Virtual Water Contents Using a Global Hydrological Model: Basis and Applications -- 11.1. INTRODUCTION -- 11.2. BASIS -- 11.3. APPLICATIONS: OBJECTIVE AND METHODS. , 11.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 11.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index -- EULA.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: Importance of evaluation of global hydrological models (gHMs) before doing climate impact assessment was underlined in several studies. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of six gHMs in simulating observed discharge for a set of 57 large catchments applying common metrics with thresholds for the monthly and seasonal dynamics and summarize them estimating an aggregated index of model performance for each model in each basin. One model showed a good performance, and other five showed a weak or poor performance in most of the basins. In 15 catchments, evaluation results of all models were poor. The model evaluation was supplemented by climate impact assessment for a subset of 12 representative catchments using (1) usual ensemble mean approach and (2) weighted mean approach based on model performance, and the outcomes were compared. The comparison of impacts in terms of mean monthly and mean annual discharges using two approaches has shown that in four basins, differences were negligible or small, and in eight catchments, differences in mean monthly, mean annual discharge or both were moderate to large. The spreads were notably decreased in most cases when the second method was applied. It can be concluded that for improving credibility of projections, the model evaluation and application of the weighted mean approach could be recommended, especially if the mean monthly (seasonal) impacts are of interest, whereas the ensemble mean approach could be applied for projecting the mean annual changes. The calibration of gHMs could improve their performance and, consequently, the credibility of projections.
    Description: BMBF
    Description: JSPS KAKENHI
    Description: NSFC
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; Climate change ; Global hydrological models ; River discharge projections ; Model evaluation ; Model performance ; Model weighting ; Credibility of projections
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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