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  • Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on.  (1)
  • Global Water Models  (1)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :American Geophysical Union,
    Keywords: Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (253 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781118971796
    Series Statement: Geophysical Monograph Series ; v.221
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- TITLE PAGE -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Part I Overview of the Changes in the Terrestrial Water Cycle -- Chapter 1 Macroscale Hydrological Modeling and Global Water Balance -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. COMPONENTS OF TERRESTRIAL HYDROLOGICAL CYCLES -- 1.3. GLOBAL WATER BALANCE IN EARLY ERA -- 1.4. MACROSCALE MODELING FOR WATER CYCLE IN NATURE -- 1.5. CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN IMPACT -- 1.6. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING -- 1.7. PROSPECTS FOR GLOBAL HYDROLOGY AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Historical and Future Changes in Streamflow and Continental Runoff: A Review -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.2. STREAMFLOW AND RUNOFF DATA -- 2.3. HISTORICAL CHANGES IN STREAMFLOW AND RUNOFF -- 2.4. MODEL-PROJECTED FUTURE CHANGES IN RUNOFF AND STREAMFLOW -- 2.5. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Changes in the Global Terrestrial Water Cycle: A Review and Synthesis -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. DEVELOPMENT OF LONG-TERM RETROSPECTIVE WATER BUDGET DATA SET -- 3.3. ASSESSMENTS OF THE RETROSPECTIVE WATER BUDGET -- 3.4. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part II Human Alterations of the Terrestrial Water Cycle -- Chapter 4 Human-Induced Changes in the Global Water Cycle -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. MACROSCALE WATER MANAGEMENT MODELS AND INTERCOMPARISONS -- 4.3. GLOBAL CONSUMPTIVE USE OF WATER -- 4.4. RESERVOIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL LAND SURFACE WATER STORAGE VARIATIONS -- 4.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Impacts of Groundwater Pumping on Regional and Global Water Resources -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION -- 5.2. HUMAN WATER USE AND GROUNDWATER PUMPING -- 5.3. DIRECT AND INDIRECT CLIMATE IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES -- 5.4. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ESTIMATES OF GROUNDWATER DEPLETION. , 5.5. GROUNDWATER DEPLETION AND SEA-LEVEL RISE -- 5.6. FUTURE PROJECTIONS OF GROUNDWATER DEPLETION AND THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HUMAN WATER USE -- 5.7. A WAY FORWARD -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Land Use/Cover Change Impacts on Hydrology in Large River Basins: A Review -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. EXAMINED VARIABLES -- 6.3. APPROACHES -- 6.4. LAND COVER CHANGE IMPACTS -- 6.5. OUTSTANDING ISSUES -- 6.6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part III Recent Advances in Hydrological Measurement and Observation -- Chapter 7 GRACE-Based Estimates of Global Groundwater Depletion -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. GLOBAL GROUNDWATER CHANGES -- 7.3. SUMMARY -- 7.4. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Regional-Scale Combined Land-Atmosphere Water Balance Based on Daily Observations in Illinois -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. DATA -- 8.3. THEORY AND METHODOLOGY -- 8.4. RESULTS -- 8.5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Part IV Integrated Modeling of the Terrestrial Water Cycle -- Chapter 9 Drivers of Change in Managed Water Resources: Modeling the Impacts of Climate and Socioeconomic Changes Using the US Midwest as a Case Study -- 9.1. INTRODUCTION -- 9.2. MODELING FRAMEWORK -- 9.3. REGIONAL APPLICATION: DOMAIN, FORCING, AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH -- 9.4. APPLICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGE -- 9.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Modeling the Role of Vegetation in Hydrological Responses to Climate Change -- 10.1. INTRODUCTION -- 10.2. ADVANCES IN HYDROLOGICAL MODELING -- 10.3. MODEL EXPERIMENT -- 10.4. HYDROLOGICAL MODELING RESULTS -- 10.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Estimating Virtual Water Contents Using a Global Hydrological Model: Basis and Applications -- 11.1. INTRODUCTION -- 11.2. BASIS -- 11.3. APPLICATIONS: OBJECTIVE AND METHODS. , 11.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 11.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index -- EULA.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: Global Water Models (GWMs), which include Global Hydrological, Land Surface, and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, present valuable tools for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrological processes in the data scarce high latitudes. Here we performed a systematic model performance evaluation in six major Pan-Arctic watersheds for different hydrological indicators (monthly and seasonal discharge, extremes, trends (or lack of), and snow water equivalent (SWE)) via a novel Aggregated Performance Index (API) that is based on commonly used statistical evaluation metrics. The machine learning Boruta feature selection algorithm was used to evaluate the explanatory power of the API attributes. Our results show that the majority of the nine GWMs included in the study exhibit considerable difficulties in realistically representing Pan-Arctic hydrological processes. Average APIdischarge (monthly and seasonal discharge) over nine GWMs is 〉 50% only in the Kolyma basin (55%), as low as 30% in the Yukon basin and averaged over all watersheds APIdischarge is 43%. WATERGAP2 and MATSIRO present the highest (APIdischarge 〉 55%) while ORCHIDEE and JULES-W1 the lowest (APIdischarge ≤ 25%) performing GWMs over all watersheds. For the high and low flows, average APIextreme is 35% and 26%, respectively, and over six GWMs APISWE is 57%. The Boruta algorithm suggests that using different observation-based climate data sets does not influence the total score of the APIs in all watersheds. Ultimately, only satisfactory to good performing GWMs that effectively represent cold-region hydrological processes (including snow-related processes, permafrost) should be included in multi-model climate change impact assessments in Pan-Arctic watersheds.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; Global Water Models ; Model performance ; Model evaluation ; Arctic watersheds ; Boruta feature selection
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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