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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diels-Alder-Reaktionen von o-Benzochinonen mit Fulvenen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 440-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diels-Alder Reactions of o-Benzoquinones with Fulveneso-Benzoquinone (1a) and alkyl-substituted o-benzoquinones 1b-d react with fulvenes 2a-d in a stereoselective and regiospecific cycloaddition to give endo-dicarbonyl compounds 3a-o and 4a, b. Photodecarbonylation and dehydrogenation of these adducts yields benzofulvenes 6, which could be synthesized from indanones 8 by an independent route.
    Notes: o-Benzochinon (1a) und alkylsubstituierte o-Benzochinone 1b-d reagieren mit Fulvenen 2a-d in einer stereoselektiv und regiospezifisch verlaufenden Cycloaddition unter Bildung von endo-Dicarbonylverbindungen 3a-o und 4a, b. Aus diesen sind durch Photodecarbonylierung und Dehydrierung Benzofulvene 6 zugänglich, die auch auf unabhängigem Wege aus Indanonen 8 dargestellt wurden.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197819780310
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Initial Breakdown Pulses in Intracloud Lightning Flashes and Their Relation to Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-04
    Description: [1]  The initial breakdown stage of 10 intracloud lightning flashes that may have produced terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are studied with wideband E-change, multi-band B-change, and VHF lightning mapping data; these flashes fit published criteria known to be associated with TGFs. The (x, y, z, t) locations of fast initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) were determined with E-change data using a time-of-arrival (TOA) technique. Each IBP includes one or more fast-rising sub-pulses. Previous research has shown that a typical intracloud flash initiates just above the main negative cloud charge (MNCC), then an initial negative leader propagates upward in 1 – 20 ms to the bottom of the upper positive cloud charge (UPCC), thereby establishing a conducting path between the MNCC and UPCC. TOA locations indicate that IBPs are directly related to the initial negative leader. The IBPs primarily occur in short (〈 750 µs) bursts of 2 – 5 pulses, and each burst produces a slow, monotonic E-change. Typically 1 – 3 IBP bursts are needed to span the vertical gap from the MNCC to the UPCC, with successive bursts separated by 1 – 5 ms. In the B-change data each IBP burst has an associated ULF pulse and several LF pulses, and these are caused by the same physical events that produce the slow, monotonic E-change and fast-rising IBP sub-pulses, respectively. Based on similarities with known TGF-associated signals, we speculate that a relativistic electron avalanche causes each LF pulse/IBP sub-pulse pair; thus each pair has the potential to cause a TGF.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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