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  • 1
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zussaenfassung Im November 1980 und März 1981 wurden auf Versorgungsfahrten zur Antarktis zwei lange XBT-Schnitte gewonnen. Sie verlaufen zwischen der Iberischen Halbinsel und dem äquatorialen brasilianischen Schelf beziehungsweise der Kapregion von Südafrika. Die meisten Sonden reichten bis zu einer Meßtiefe von 800 m, so daß Aussagen zur thermischen Schichtung und horizontalen Gliederung der Warmwassersphäre im offenen Ozean möglich wurden. Wir vergleichen unsere neuen Daten mit einer Reihe von früher gewonnenen Schnitten. Als Ergebnis erhalten wir fünf unterschiedliche hydrographische Regionen. Zone 1 ist gekennzeichnet durch den klaren Einfluß des Mittelmeerausstromes, der an der Unterseite der Warmwassersphäre westlich Portugals unterhalb von 300 m nahezu thermostatische Bedingungen schafft. Die anschließende Zone 2 ist identisch mit der Subtropenkonvergenz, innerhalb derer die Warmwasserphäre ihre Maximaltiefe (15-°C-Isotherme bei etwa 300 m) erreicht. Die äquatoriale Region nennen wir Zone 3. Es wird eine überarbeitete Darstellung der Strömungs- und Temperaturschichtungsverhältnisse dieser Region gegeben. Die Zone 4 ist durch den Benguela Strom und seine nördlichen Ausläufer geprägt. In der letzten Zone 5 wird der Einfluß des Agulhas-Strom-Ausläufers auf die Schichtung vorgestellt.
    Abstract: Résumé En novembre 1980 et mars 1981 on a obtenu deux longues sections XBT pendant des voyages d'approvisionnement à l'Antarctique. Les sections passent entre la péninsule Ibérique et le plateau équatorial brasilien et entre la péninsule Ibérique et la région du Cap de l'Afrique du Sud respectivement. La plupart des sondes descendaient jusqu' à 800 m, ce qui a permis d'obtenir des renseignements sur la stratification thermique et la structure horizontale de laWarmwassersphäre en haute mer. Nous avons comparé nos nouvelles données avec une série de sections obtenues plus tôt. Nous en avons obtanu comme résultat cinq zones hydrographiques. La zone 1 est caractérisée par l'influence évidente du courant profond de la Méditerranée sur la côté inférieure de laWarmwassersphäre, ce qui crée des conditions presque thermostatiques aux profondeurs excédant 300 m à l'ouest du Portugal. La zone 2 adjacente est identique à la convergence subtropicale, où laWarmwassersphäre atteint sa profondeur maximale (isotherme de 15°C à environ 300 m). Nous désignons la région équatoriale la zone 3, et nous présentons un schéma révisé des systèmes des courants et des stratifications thermiques de cette zone. La zone 4 est marquée par le courant Benguela et son extension vers le nord. Dans la zone 5 nous présentons l'influence de l'extension du courant Agulhas sur la stratification.
    Notes: Summary Two megameter long XBT sections passing through the Atlantic between the Iberian Peninsula and the equatorial Brazilian shelf, and between the Peninsula and the Cape region of South Africa were obtained during supply cruises to the antarctic in November 1980 and March 1981. Most of the individual probes reached an observation depth of nearly 800 m allowing statements on the thermal stratification and zonation of theWarmwassersphäre in the open ocean. Our new data are compared with a number of earlier long sections. As a general result we identify five zones dividing different hydrographic regions. Zone 1 is characterized by the clear influence of the Mediternean Undercurrent on the lower boundary of theWarmwasserphäre creating nearly thermostatic conditions below 300 m off Portugal. The adjacent zone 2 is identical with the Subtropical Convergence, where theWarmwassersphäre reaches its maximum depth (15°C isotherm at about 300 m). We call the equatorial region zone 3 and present an improved scheme of its current system and its thermal stratification. Zone 4 is marked by the Benguela Current and its northern extension. In a final zone 5 we show the influence of the Agulhas Current extension on the stratification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: Two megameter long XBT sections passing through the Atlantic between the Iberian Peninsula and the equatorial Brazilian shelf, and between the Peninsula and the Cape region of South Africa were obtained during supply cruises to the antarctic in November 1980 and March 1981. Most of the individual probes reached an observation depth of nearly 800 m allowing statements on the thermal stratification and zonation of theWarmwassersphäre in the open ocean. Our new data are compared with a number of earlier long sections. As a general result we identify five zones dividing different hydrographic regions. Zone 1 is characterized by the clear influence of the Mediternean Undercurrent on the lower boundary of theWarmwasserphäre creating nearly thermostatic conditions below 300 m off Portugal. The adjacent zone 2 is identical with the Subtropical Convergence, where theWarmwassersphäre reaches its maximum depth (15°C isotherm at about 300 m). We call the equatorial region zone 3 and present an improved scheme of its current system and its thermal stratification. Zone 4 is marked by the Benguela Current and its northern extension. In a final zone 5 we show the influence of the Agulhas Current extension on the stratification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49 (19). pp. 3983-4002.
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper, different types of new data sets (hydrography, Lagrangian and Eulerian current measurements) and Quasi-Geostrophic model results, obtained after altimetric data assimilation, are used to study the structure and variability of the Azores Current and Frontal system. The Azores Current was observed to transport between 11.0 and 18.0 Sv eastwards and the associated Counter Current some 2.0–10.0 Sv to the west, resulting in a net value of about 8–9 Sv. Furthermore, both data and model results revealed a meandering Azores Current, where some freely rotating eddies were also identified. These hydrographic and Lagrangian results exhibit space and time scales that agree fairly well with the dynamics shaped by baroclinic instability. Current meters moored across the Azores Current system delineated a mean Counter Current flowing westwards with a maximum subsurface core of about 2.0 cm/s at a mean depth of 800 dbar. This is in excellent agreement with previous studies, which explains this Azores Counter Current as the rectification process of the geostrophic turbulence occurring north of the main Azores Current stream. A new scheme is proposed for the formation mechanism of the freely rotating cyclonic eddies observed south of the Azores. It is shown that the north–south contrast thickness of the 17–19°C water layer across the Azores Front decreases downstream. This will create, in turn, a downstream increase of the most unstable wavelength, in a non-linear baroclinic instability context. As a consequence, both large cyclonic and anticyclonic features are able to form at the eastern side of the Azores Current (around 19°W), while at the western side (around 35°W) only large anticyclones will survive (western-generated cyclones will be small enough to be quickly dissipated). This means that the eastern cyclones of the Azores Current may live longer than the shorter western ones. However, because longer-lived cyclonic eddies propagate westwards with a mean speed of 2.5 km/day, they may be observed south of Azores and of the main stream several months later, although they were not formed there.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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