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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Characteristics and Prevalence of Rifampin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients with Bacteremia in South Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-10-04), p. 1511-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-10-04), p. 1511-
    Abstract: Rifampin resistance (RIF-R) in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with rpoB mutations as one of its resistance mechanisms has raised concern about clinical treatment and infection prevention strategies. Data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of RIF-R S. aureus blood isolates in South Korea are scarce. We used broth microdilution to investigate RIF-R prevalence and analyzed the rpoB gene mutation in 1615 S. aureus blood isolates (772 methicillin-susceptible and 843 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) from patients with bacteremia, between 2008 and 2017. RIF-R prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility were determined. Multilocus sequence typing was used to characterize the isolate’s molecular epidemiology; Staphylococcus protein A (spa), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and rpoB gene mutations were detected by PCR. Among 52 RIF-R MRSA isolates out of 57 RIF-R S. aureus blood isolates (57/1615, 0.4%; 5 methicillin-susceptible and 52 MRSA), ST5 (44/52, 84.6%), SCCmec IIb (40/52, 76.9%), and spa t2460 (27/52, 51.9%) were predominant. rpoB gene mutations with amino acid substitutions showed that A477D (17/48, 35.4%) frequently conferred high-level RIF resistance (MIC 〉 128 mg/L), followed by H481Y (4/48, 8.3%). RIF-R S. aureus blood isolates in South Korea have unique molecular characteristics and are closely associated with rpoB gene mutations. RIF-R surveillance through S. aureus–blood isolate epidemiology could enable effective therapeutic management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101511
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
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    A Longitudinal Retrospective Observational Study on Obesity Indicators and the Risk of Impaired Fasting Glucose in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-16), p. 2795-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-16), p. 2795-
    Abstract: The impact of obesity could differ according to menopausal status since women undergo significant physiologic and metabolic changes due to menopause. We investigated the association between various major obesity indicators and the risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) according to menopausal status using nationally representative data. A total of 571,286 premenopausal and 519,561 postmenopausal women who underwent both Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) cancer screening in 2009 and health check-ups in 2017 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effect of independent variables of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in 2009, on dependent variable IFG in 2017. After adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of developing IFG were analyzed. In the premenopausal group, the OR of obese BMI (≥25 kg/m2, 〈 30 kg/m2) women was increased to 2.228 (95% CI: 2.139–2.321) compared to the normal BMI (≥18.5, 〈 23 kg/m2) women as a reference. In the postmenopausal group, there was also a higher OR of 1.778 (95% CI: 1.715–1.843) in the obese BMI women compared to the normal group. A similar association of increasing ORs for IFG was shown in both groups when stratified by WC and WHtR. This nationwide study revealed that obesity and abdominal obesity, defined by various obesity indicators, consistently increased odds of acquiring IFG after 8 years in both pre- and postmenopausal groups, with the association being more robust in the premenopausal group. Our findings suggest that weight management and lifestyle modification may require more attention in premenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102795
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    The Impact of Obesity on the Severity of Clinicopathologic Parameters in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-08-31), p. 2824-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-08-31), p. 2824-
    Abstract: Several studies reported the effect of obesity on the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, the impact of obesity on the clinicopathologic presentation of IgAN remains uncertain. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study from eight university hospitals in South Korea. Patients were categorized into three groups using the Asia-Pacific obesity classification based on body mass index (BMI). Clinical and histopathologic data at the time of renal biopsy were analyzed. Among 537 patients with IgAN, the obese group was more hypertensive and had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and more proteinuria than other groups. The histologic scores for mesangial matrix expansion (MME), interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and mesangial C3 deposition differed significantly between the three groups. Among these histopathologic parameters, BMI was independently positively associated with MME score on multivariable linear regression analysis (p = 0.028). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, the obese group was independently associated with higher MME scores compared to the normal weight/overweight group (p = 0.020). However, BMI was not independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate or proteinuria on multivariable analysis. Obesity was independently associated with severe MME in patients with IgAN. Obesity may play an important pathogenetic role in mesangial lesions seen in IgAN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092824
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The Serum Uric Acid Level Is Related to the More Severe Renal Histopathology of Female IgA Nephropathy Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-04-27), p. 1885-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-04-27), p. 1885-
    Abstract: Hyperuricemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and chronic kidney disease progression. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a well-known primary glomerular nephropathy. Hyperuricemia is associated with a poor prognosis in IgAN patients. We evaluated the association of hyperuricemia with the histopathological severity of IgAN in male and female patients; 658 patients diagnosed with IgAN via kidney biopsy were initially included. Baseline patient data were collected by eight university hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine of the Catholic University of Korea. Pathological features were independently evaluated by eight expert pathologists working in the hospitals, and the consensus was reached. Of the initial 658 patients, 517 were finally included (253 males and 264 females). Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid (UA) level 〉 7.0 mg/dL for males and 〉 5.6 mg/dL for females; 108 (42.7%) males and 95 (35.9%) females exhibited hyperuricemia. Compared to the patients with normal UA levels, the global glomerulosclerosis, segmental sclerosis, mesangial matrix expansion (MME), endocapillary proliferation (ECP), interstitial fibrosis (IF), and tubular atrophy (TA) scores were higher in hyperuricemic males and females. In multivariable linear regression, the serum UA level correlated significantly with the MME, ECP, IF, and TA scores of female IgAN patients only.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091885
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Production of a Monoclonal Antibody to the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Application to ELISA-Based Detection Methods with Broad Specificity by Combined Use of Detector Antibodies
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 28-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 28-
    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is ongoing. Currently accessible antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests are limited by their low sensitivity and detection efficacy due to evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we produced and characterized an anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), 2A7H9. Monoclonal antibody 2A7H9 and a previously developed mAb, 1G10C4, have different specificities. The 2A7H9 mAb detected the N protein of S clade, delta, iota, and mu but not omicron, whereas the 1G10C4 antibody recognized the N protein of all variants under study. In a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, recombinant N protein bound to the 1G10C4 mAb could be detected by both 1G10C4 and 2A7H9 mAbs. Similarly, N protein bound to the 2A7H9 mAb was detected by both mAbs, confirming the existence of dimeric N protein. While the 1G10C4 mAb detected omicron and mu with higher efficiency than S clade, delta, and iota, the 2A7H9 mAb efficiently detected all the strains except omicron, with higher affinity to S clade and mu than others. Combined use of 1G10C4 and 2A7H9 mAb resulted in the detection of all the strains with considerable sensitivity, suggesting that antibody combinations can improve the simultaneous detection of virus variants. Therefore, our findings provide insights into the development and improvement of diagnostic tools with broader specificity and higher sensitivity to detect rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v15010028
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 6
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    Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated with More Severe Histological Glomerulosclerosis in IgA Nephropathy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 4236-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 4236-
    Abstract: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally well-known primary glomerular nephropathy. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one factor contributing to atherosclerosis and is a common complication of renal failure. HTG is a significant risk factor for decreased renal function in patients with IgAN. We evaluated the association of HTG with the histopathological features of IgAN patients. A total of 480 patients diagnosed with IgAN via kidney biopsy from eight university hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine of the Catholic University of Korea were included in the final cohort. Pathological features were evaluated by eight expert pathologists with hospital consensus. HTG was defined as a serum triglyceride (TG) level of ≥150 mg/dL. In the study population analysis, the HTG group was older, with more males; higher body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and spot urine protein ratio; and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In the lipid profile analysis, eGFR was negatively correlated with TGs/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). Proteinuria positively correlated with TGs/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, LDL/HDL, TyG, TGs and LDL. The percentages of global sclerosis (GS), segmental sclerosis (SS) and capsular adhesion (CA), and the scores for mesangial matrix expansion (MME) and mesangial cell proliferation (MCP), were more elevated in the HTG group compared to the normal TG group. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the percentages of global sclerosis, segmental sclerosis and capsular adhesion, as well as the scores for mesangial matrix expansion and mesangial cell proliferation, were positively associated with TG level. In binary logistic regression, the HTG group showed a higher risk for global sclerosis and segmental sclerosis. In conclusion, HTG is a significant risk factor for glomerulosclerosis in IgAN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184236
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Effect of Previous COVID-19 Vaccination on Humoral Immunity 3 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection and Booster Effect of a Fourth COVID-19 Vaccination 2 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-06), p. 2458-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-06), p. 2458-
    Abstract: In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on 3-month immune response and durability after natural infection by the Omicron variant and to assess the immune response to a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with prior natural infection with the Omicron variant. Overall, 86 patients aged ≥60 years with different vaccination histories and 39 health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated thrice before Omicron infection were enrolled. The sVNT50 titer was significantly lower in patients with incomplete vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection with the S clade (p 〈 0.001), Delta variant (p 〈 0.001), or Omicron variant (p = 0.003) than in those vaccinated thrice. The sVNT results against the Omicron variant did not differ significantly in patients aged ≥60 years (p = 0.49) and HCWs (p = 0.17), regardless of the recipient receiving the fourth dose 2 months after COVID-19. Incomplete COVID-19 vaccination before Omicron infection for individuals aged ≥60 years conferred limited protection against homologous and heterologous virus strains, whereas two or three doses of the vaccine provided cross-variant humoral immunity against Omicron infection for at least 3 months. However, a fourth dose 2 months after Omicron infection did not enhance immunity against the homologous strain. A future strategy using the bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine with appropriate timing will be crucial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14112458
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 8
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    Recent Increases in Influenza-Related Hospitalizations, Critical Care Resource Use, and In-Hospital Mortality: A 10-Year Population-Based Study in South Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-21), p. 4911-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-21), p. 4911-
    Abstract: Background: Long-term trends in influenza-related hospitalizations, critical care resource use, and hospital outcomes since the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic season have been rarely studied for adult populations. Materials and Methods: Adult patients from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service who were hospitalized with influenza over a 10-year period (2009–2019) were analyzed. The incidence rates of hospitalization, critical care resource use, and in-hospital death were calculated using mid-year population census data. Results: In total, 300,152 hospitalized patients with influenza were identified (men, 35.7%; admission to tertiary hospitals, 9.4%). Although the age-adjusted hospitalization rate initially decreased since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (52.61/100,000 population in 2009/2010), it began to increase again in 2013/2014 and reached a peak of 169.86/100,000 population in 2017/2018 (p 〈 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate showed a similar increasing trend as the hospitalization, with a peak of 1.44/100,000 population in 2017/2018 (vs. 0.35/100,000 population in 2009/2010; p 〈 0.001). The high incidence rates of both hospitalization and in-hospital mortality were mainly attributable to patients aged ≥60 years. The rate of intensive care unit admission and the use of mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy and vasopressors have also increased from the 2013/2014 season. The incidence of heart failure was the most frequent complication investigated, with a three-fold increase in the last two seasons since 2009/2010. In multivariate analysis adjusted for covariates, among hospitalized patients, type of hospitals and 2009 H1N1 pandemic season were associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: We confirmed that the rates of hospitalization, critical care resource use, and in-hospital mortality by influenza have increased again in recent years. Therefore, strategies are needed to reduce infections and optimize resource use with a greater focus on older people.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164911
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    Effect of a Novel Handheld Photobiomodulation Therapy Device in the Management of Chemoradiation Therapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Case Series Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Photonics Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-22), p. 241-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-22), p. 241-
    Abstract: Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating adverse event in patients undergoing treatment for cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a novel handheld photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) device on chemoradiation therapy (CRT)-induced OM in patients with head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer patients undergoing CRT who developed moderate-to-severe OM during treatment were enrolled. After PBMT and at 2 and 4 weeks after PBMT, the mean value of OM grade decreased significantly from 2.63 to 2.13, 1.31, and 0.75, respectively (p 〈 0.05, p 〈 0.001, and p 〈 0.001). Moreover, we observed significant improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after PBMT compared to baseline through a validated questionnaire; EORTC QLQ-C30. In the present study, the use of this PBMT device in the management of CRT-induced OM in patients with head and neck cancer was generally well tolerated and resulted in the improvement of OM. However, evidence supporting its use remains lacking owing to limitations such as the small number of participants and lack of a control group. Therefore, further mechanistic studies and large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of PBMT in the treatment of CRT-induced OM, as shown in our results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics10030241
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 10
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    Measles Virus Neutralizing Antibody Response and Durability Two Years after One or Two Doses of Measles–Mumps–Rubella Vaccine among Young Seronegative Healthcare Workers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-28), p. 1812-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-28), p. 1812-
    Abstract: Although there have been several studies regarding the immunogenicity of one or two booster doses of the measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine in measles-seronegative young adults, limited data are available about how long the immune response is sustained compared with natural infection. This study included seronegative healthcare workers (HCWs) (aged 21–38 years) who received one or two doses of the measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine and HCWs with laboratory-confirmed measles infection during an outbreak in 2019. We compared neutralizing antibody titers measured using the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) test and measles-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) using chemiluminescent immunoassays 2 years after vaccination or infection. Among 107 HCWs with seronegative measles IgGs, the overall seroconversion rate of measles IgGs remained 82.2% (88/107), and 45.8% (49/107) of the participants had a medium (121–900) or high ( 〉 900) PRN titer after 2 years from one or two booster doses. The measles-neutralizing antibody titers of both PRN titer (ND50) and geometric mean concentration 2 years after natural infection were significantly higher than those of one or two booster doses of the MMR vaccine (p 〈 0.001 and p 〈 0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that serologic screening followed by appropriate postexposure prophylaxis can be beneficial for young HCWs without a history of natural infection especially in a measles outbreak setting, because of possible susceptibility to measles despite booster MMR vaccination 2 years ago. Long-term data about sustainable humoral immunity after one or two booster vaccination are needed based on the exact vaccination history.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111812
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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