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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adsorption of heavy metals by road deposited solids
    IWA Publishing ; 2013
    In:  Water Science and Technology Vol. 67, No. 11 ( 2013-06-01), p. 2622-2629
    Details
    In: Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, Vol. 67, No. 11 ( 2013-06-01), p. 2622-2629
    Abstract: The research study discussed in the paper investigated the adsorption/desorption behaviour of heavy metals commonly deposited on urban road surfaces, namely, Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb, for different particle size ranges of solids. The study outcomes, based on field studies and batch experiments, confirmed that road deposited solids particles contain a significantly high amount of vacant charge sites with the potential to adsorb additional heavy metals. Kinetic studies and adsorption experiments indicated that Cr is the most preferred metal element to associate with solids due to the relatively high electronegativity and high charge density of trivalent cation (Cr3+). However, the relatively low availability of Cr in the urban road environment could influence this behaviour. Comparing total adsorbed metals present in solids particles, it was found that Zn has the highest capacity for adsorption to solids. Desorption experiments confirmed that a low concentration of Cu, Cr and Pb in solids was present in water-soluble and exchangeable form, whilst a significant fraction of adsorbed Zn has a high likelihood of being released back into solution. Among heavy metals, Zn is considered to be the most commonly available metal among road surface pollutants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1223 , 1996-9732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.171
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 764273-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024780-1
    SSG: 14
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics on urban roads in gold coast, Australia
    IWA Publishing ; 2011
    In:  Water Science and Technology Vol. 63, No. 9 ( 2011-05-01), p. 2077-2085
    Details
    In: Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, Vol. 63, No. 9 ( 2011-05-01), p. 2077-2085
    Abstract: Urban water quality can be significantly impaired by the build-up of pollutants such as heavy metals and volatile organics on urban road surfaces due to vehicular traffic. Any control strategy for the mitigation of traffic related build-up of heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants should be based on the knowledge of their build-up processes. In the study discussed in this paper, the outcomes of a detailed experimental investigation into build-up processes of heavy metals and volatile organics are presented. It was found that traffic parameters such as average daily traffic, volume over capacity ratio and surface texture depth had similar strong correlations with the build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics. Multicriteria decision analyses revealed that that the 1–74 μm particulate fraction of total suspended solids (TSS) could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate heavy metals in build-up and this same fraction of total organic carbon could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate volatile organics build-up. In terms of pollutants affinity, TSS was found to be the predominant parameter for particulate heavy metals build-up and total dissolved solids was found to be the predominant parameter for the potential dissolved particulate fraction in heavy metals buildup. It was also found that land use did not play a significant role in the build-up of traffic generated heavy metals and volatile organics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1223 , 1996-9732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.151
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 764273-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024780-1
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding road surface pollutant wash-off and underlying physical processes using simulated rainfall
    IWA Publishing ; 2008
    In:  Water Science and Technology Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2008-04-01), p. 1241-1246
    Details
    In: Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2008-04-01), p. 1241-1246
    Abstract: Pollutant wash-off is one of the key pollutant processes that detailed knowledge is required in order to develop successful treatment design strategies for urban stormwater. Unfortunately, current knowledge relating to pollutant wash-off is limited. This paper presents the outcomes of a detailed investigation into pollutant wash-off on residential road surfaces. The investigations consisted of research methodologies formulated to overcome the physical constraints due to the heterogeneity of urban paved surfaces and the dependency on naturally occurring rainfall. This entailed the use of small road surface plots and artificially simulated rainfall. Road surfaces were selected due to its critical importance as an urban stormwater pollutant source. The study results showed that the influence of initially available pollutants on the wash-off process was limited. Furthermore, pollutant wash-off from road surfaces can be replicated using an exponential equation. However, the typical version of the exponential wash-off equation needs to be modified by introducing a non dimensional factor referred to as ‘capacity factor' CF. Three rainfall intensity ranges were identified where the variation of CF can be defined. Furthermore, it was found that particulate density rather than size is the critical parameter that influences the process of pollutant wash-off.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1223 , 1996-9732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.260
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 764273-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024780-1
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance characterisation of a constructed Wetland
    IWA Publishing ; 2013
    In:  Water Science and Technology Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2013-11-01), p. 2195-2201
    Details
    In: Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, Vol. 68, No. 10 ( 2013-11-01), p. 2195-2201
    Abstract: Performance of a constructed wetland is commonly reported as being variable due to the site specific nature of influential factors. This paper discusses the outcomes from an in-depth study which characterised the treatment performance of a wetland based on the variation in the runoff regime. The study included a comprehensive field monitoring of a well-established constructed wetland in Gold Coast, Australia. Samples collected at the inlet and outlet were tested for Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). Pollutant concentrations in the outflow were found to be consistent irrespective of the variation in inflow water quality. The analysis revealed two different treatment characteristics for events with different rainfall depths. TSS and TN load reduction was found to be strongly influenced by the hydraulic retention time where performance was relatively superior for rainfall events below the design event. For small events, treatment performance was higher at the beginning of the event and gradually decreased during the course of the event. For large events, the treatment performance was comparatively poor at the beginning and improved during the course of the event. The analysis also confirmed the variable treatment trends for different pollutant types.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1223 , 1996-9732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.476
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 764273-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024780-1
    SSG: 14
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationships between rainfall intensity, duration and suspended particle washoff from an urban road surface
    IWA Publishing ; 2011
    In:  Hydrology Research Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2011-08-01), p. 239-249
    Details
    In: Hydrology Research, IWA Publishing, Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2011-08-01), p. 239-249
    Abstract: A basic understanding of the relationships between rainfall intensity, duration of rainfall and the amount of suspended particles in stormwater runoff generated from road surfaces has been gained mainly from past washoff experiments using rainfall simulators. Simulated rainfall was generally applied at constant intensities, whereas rainfall temporal patterns during actual storms are typically highly variable. This paper discusses a rationale for the application of the constant-intensity washoff concepts to actual storm event runoff. The rationale is tested using suspended particle load data collected at a road site located in Toowoomba, Australia. Agreement between the washoff concepts and measured data is most consistent for intermediate-duration storms (duration & lt;5 h and & gt;1 h). Particle loads resulting from these storm events increase linearly with average rainfall intensity. Above a threshold intensity, there is evidence to suggest a constant or plateau particle load is reached. The inclusion of a peak discharge factor (maximum 6 min rainfall intensity) enhances the ability to predict particle loads.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-1277 , 2224-7955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/nh.2011.117
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411122-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142091-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pattern-based assessment of the influence of rainfall characteristics on urban stormwater quality
    IWA Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Water Science & Technology Vol. 87, No. 9 ( 2023-05-01), p. 2292-2303
    Details
    In: Water Science & Technology, IWA Publishing, Vol. 87, No. 9 ( 2023-05-01), p. 2292-2303
    Abstract: Urbanisation increases pollutant generation within catchments and their transport to receiving waters. Changes to rainfall patterns, particularly in the age of climate change, make pollution mitigation a challenging task. Understanding how rainfall characteristics could influence the changes to stormwater pollutant runoff is important for designing effective mitigation strategies. This study employed a pattern-based assessment of relationships between rainfall characteristics and stormwater quality in urban catchments to develop this understanding. The research outcomes showed that rainfall events could be distinctly clustered based on intensity and duration, and each cluster of events would produce different stormwater quality responses. The high-intensity bursts occurring in the latter part of long-duration events were found to produce uniform and low concentrations of suspended solids. One the contrary, high intensity bursts occurring in the initial part of short-duration events triggered the first-flush effect, thus producing high concentrations of suspended solids. Furthermore, the first-flush effect was likely to present when the high intensity bursts occurred in the mid portion of rainfall events and produced variable concentrations of suspended solids. It was also found that the average rainfall intensity plays a key role in mobilising and transporting pollutants accumulated on urban surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1223 , 1996-9732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.125
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 764273-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024780-1
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automatic model calibration of combined hydrologic, hydraulic and stormwater quality models using approximate Bayesian computation
    IWA Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Water Science and Technology Vol. 86, No. 2 ( 2022-07-15), p. 321-332
    Details
    In: Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, Vol. 86, No. 2 ( 2022-07-15), p. 321-332
    Abstract: A range of automatic model calibration techniques are used in water engineering practice. However, use of these techniques can be problematic due to the requirement of evaluating the likelihood function. This paper presents an innovative approach for overcoming this issue using a calibration framework developed based on Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) technique. Use of ABC in automatic model calibration was undertaken for a combined urban hydrologic, hydraulic and stormwater quality model. The simulated runoff hydrograph and total suspended solid (TSS) pollutograph were compared with observed data for multiple events from three different catchments, and found to be within 95% confidence intervals of the simulated results. The R programmed model was validated by comparing simulated flow with similar commercially available modeling software, MIKE URBAN output determined using mean value of parameters obtained from the calibration exercise, and performed well by satisfying statistical criteria's such as coefficient of determination (CD), root mean square error (RMSE) and maximum error (ME). The developed framework is useful for automatic calibration and uncertainty estimation using ABC approach in complex hydrologic, hydraulic and stormwater quality models with multi-input-output systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1223 , 1996-9732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.207
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 764273-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024780-1
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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