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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda) in fish from the Southeastern Weddell Sea (Antarctic) (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Eleven fish species from the Weddell Sea (Antarctic) were examined for infestation with anisakid nematodes. Two species of the genus Contracaecum and the sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens were isolated from the liver and the body cavity of fish affected. Only two specimens of P. decipiens (1.4%) partly invaded the belly flaps. The following fish species were infested by P. decipiens at the given prevalences: Cygnodraco mawsoni (74.4%), Trematomus scotti (23.2%), Pagetopsis maculatus (10.0%), Cryodraco antarcticus (7.1%), Trematomus lepidorhinus (3.0%), and Dolloidraco longedorsalis (2.7%). All of these, except Trematomus scotti, are new host records. Chaenodraco wilsoni, Chionodraco myersi, Gerlachea australis, Racovitzia glacialis and T. eulepidotus were not infested. The reasons for low prevalence and intensity of infestation are seen in the difficulties of P. decipiens in completing its benthic life cycle in the Weddell Sea environment, in the absence of shallow coastal waters due to the floating shelf-ice. Cygnodraco mawsoni is a crucial intermediate host, without which completion of the parasite life cycle might not be possible. In order to clarify the taxonomical position of Antarctic Pseudoterranova, morphological comparisons with specimens of P. decipiens from the German and Norwegian coast were made using scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed no differences; hence, all specimens studied belong to the same species P. decipiens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238223
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An alternative classification of trypanorhynch cestodes considering the tentacular armature as being of limited importance (1997)
    Springer
    Systematic parasitology 37 (1997), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5192
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Based on a light- and scanning electron microscopical study of scolex morphology, tentacles and surface structures of 31 trypanorhynch species, an alternative classification of the trypanorhynch cestodes, adults, plerocerci and postlarvae, is presented. The arrangement of the tentacular armature is no longer used as a distinguishing feature for four different superfamilies. Instead, the presence or absence of ciliated pits and prebulbular organs is used to define three superfamilies: Tentacularioidea Poche, 1926; Otobothrioidea Dollfus, 1942; and Eutetrarhynchoidea Guiart, 1927. A total of 12 families are defined by the characters: the presence/absence of blastocysts, the number of bothridia and the reduction of the rhyncheal apparatus, together with a new character, complete rows of tentacular hooks (homeoacanth and heteroacanth typica) versus rows of hooks partly reduced (heteroacanth atypica and poeciloacanth). Of the 19 families previously accepted, 10 are retained (Eutetrarhynchidae, Gilquiniidae, Lacistorhynchidae, Mixodigmatidae, Otobothriidae, Paranybeliniidae, Pterobothriidae, Shirleyrhynchidae, Sphyriocephalidae and Tentaculariidae, all sensu nov.); one family is reinstated (i.e. Aporhynchidae Poche, 1926 sensu nov.) and a new one is added (i.e. Pseudotobothriidae n. fam.). Advantages of this alternative classification of trypanorhynch cestodes are: (i) the resolution of incongruities and questions caused by the use of the tentacular armature to distinguish superfamilies; (ii) the criteria for the establishment of higher taxa, superfamilies and families are clearly defined; (iii) with the findings of new species with different character combinations, this system can be enlarged up to 4 superfamilies and 48 families without loosing its stability; and (iv) all existing genera are easily re-assigned to the superfamilies and families.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005765126294
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecology of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Antarctic waters (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 638-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present study provides further data on the occurrence of Pseudoterranova decipiens in fish from two different sampling sites in the Antarctic. A total of 690 fish belonging to 33 species from the eastern Weddell Sea and 322 fish belonging to 12 species from the South Shetland Islands were examined. Altogether, 23 fish species were found to be infested and 11 new host records could be established. P. decipiens occurred at a water depth of between 80 and 820 m. Chaenocephalus aceratus and Notothenia coriiceps from the South Shetland Islands were the species with the highest prevalence (95%) and intensity (2–194 and 1–121, respectively) of infestation. Both are transport hosts, which mainly feed on benthic nototheniid fish species and accumulate the nematodes. Bathypelagic, pelagic, or mainly euphausid feeding fish species were only lightly infested, if at all. This demonstrates the benthic life cycle of P. decipiens in the Antarctic. The preferred site of infestation was the body cavity and the liver; no specimen could be isolated from the fish musculature. This might be explained by the low water temperatures. The infestation of fish from the Weddell Sea was distinctly lower than that of fish around the South Shetland Islands. Besides possible differences in final host populations at the two localities studied, the loss of eggs and larvae under the eastern Weddell Sea shelf ice and over the continental slope and differences in the availability of the first intermediate and macroinvertebrate hosts led to a lower level of infestation. Another role, although nondecisive, may be played by the reduced time of development and infectivity of eggs and larvae, respectively, in the extremely cold waters of the Weddell Sea. P. decipiens is not a rare but, rather a well-established parasite of the Antarctic fauna, which demonstrates the ability of this cosmopolitan species to complete its life cycle even under conditions of subzero temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050608
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surface ultrastructure of plerocercoids of Bombycirhynchus sphyraenaicum (Pintner, 1930) (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) (1998)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 84 (1998), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Light microscopy studies have previously shown that Bombycirhynchus sphyraenaicum is an exceptional trypanorhynch cestode, characterised by a poeciloacanthous armature and two enormous bothridia, which overlap parts of the pars bulbosa, a character combination unique within the trypanorhynchs. Plerocercoids of B. sphyraenaicum from the fish Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae) were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results revealed that the tegument of the anterior margin of the distal bothridial surface bears three kinds of microtriche; palmate microtriches, 8 μm high, with seven to eight digitiform processes; equalized filamentous microtriches, 5–6 μm long, with cap and base each forming 50% of the length, borne on undulations beneath the palmate microtriches, and cap-dominated filamentous microtriches, 5–6 μm long, with the cap forming 75% of the length, borne on the apex of putative sensory papillae. Integumental connections link the bases of the palmate microtriches, forming transverse girdles around the worm, which may serve to coordinate traction. At regular intervals between the palmate microtriches are papillae, covered with filamentous microtriches extending above the palmate microtriches. A cilium emerges from a bulb at the apex of each papilla; other structures in the bulb include an electron-dense cuff, and two electron dense collars. The posterior part of the bulb tapers and passes into the tegumental cytoplasm. These adorned papillae, observed for the first time in trypanorhynch cestodes, are identified as putative mechanoreceptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050382
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence of trichodinid ciliates (Peritricha: Urceolariidae) in the Kiel Fjord, Baltic Sea, and its possible use as a biological indicator (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 726-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Investigations on the occurrence of trichodinid ciliates from fish caught in the Kiel Bight and Kiel Fjord (western Baltic Sea) were carried out between September 1996 and March 1997. Smears of the gills, fins, and skin of 120 Gadus morhua and 92 Platichthys flesus caught by fish traps and trammel nets revealed the presence of trichodinid ciliates. According to the fish species and locality, different prevalences and densities of trichodinid ciliates were found. Fish caught in the Kiel Bight revealed a lower prevalence of trichodinid ciliates on their gills (P. flesus 74.2%, G. morhua 3.8%) in comparison with fish of the same species and size caught in the Kiel Fjord (P. flesus 75.0%, G. morhua 26.2%). In both areas, P. flesus was more heavily infested than G. morhua. Seasonal changes in the prevalence of infestation of P. flesus between autumn and winter in the Kiel Fjord are proposed to be linked to an increase in bacterial biomass during winter. The fish ecology in combination with the total number of bacteria in the fish environment is discussed as an important factor influencing the abundance of trichodinid ciliates. The present data suggest the use of trichodinid ciliates as an indicator for eutrophication in brackish-water environments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050622
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Otobothrium cysticum (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the muscle of butterfishes (Stromateidae) (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract On the basis of the tentacular armature, surface ultrastructure, and morphological measurements of plerocerci obtained from the musculature of butterfishes (Stromateidae), we corroborate an earlier proposal that Otobothrium crenacolle, a commonly reported trypanorhynch cestode from the northwestern Atlantic coast, is a junior synonym of O. cysticum. This action exemplifies at least an Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean distribution for O. cysticum. The infection in commercially important butterfishes shows that an otobothriid trypanorhynch may heavily infect fish flesh and influence the market value of some fish species yet also be restricted to the body cavity of other fish intermediate hosts. Infections of O. cysticum in the flesh of Peprilus burti (Gulf butterfish) and P. alepidotus (harvestfish) in the Gulf of Mexico has varied annually since 1970, with samples ranging in prevalence between 20% and 100% and in mean intensity between 1 and 3,500 or more plerocerci per fish. Comparative infections in P. burti from the Gulf of Mexico and P. triacanthus (butterfish) from the Atlantic Ocean demonstrate a present geographic difference in infections. The prevalence and mean intensity in 4 collections of butterfishes ranged from 9% to 98% of the fish and from 1 to 678 plerocerci in a subsample of tissue, respectively, with prevalent and heavy infections being observed in the Gulf of Mexico fish and relatively few individuals being infected with few worms in the Atlantic fish. A slight host response in the butterfishes involving some fatty infiltration and inflammatory infiltration was associated with the metacestode. In some larger fish, encapsulations were yellow, and in a few cases, worms had degenerated. This finding and an increase in intensity with fish weight suggest a continual accumulation of the worms in association with little host resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008505
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensory receptors and surface ultrastructure of trypanorhynch cestodes (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 821-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The scolices of six different trypanorhynch species –Heteronybelinia alloiotica (Dollfus, 1960), Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti Palm, 1995, Otobothrium cysticum (Mayer, 1842), O. penetrans Linton, 1907, Poecilancistrum caryophyllum (Diesing, 1850), and Prochristianella hispida (Linton, 1890) – were examined for surface morphology and the occurrence of sensory receptors. Filamentous microtriches with different internal ultrastructural features were found. Acerosate, hook-like, and spiniform microtriches were detected on the surface of the tentaculariid H. alloiotica. Their internal structure clearly differed from that of pectinate microtriches observed in the other five trypanorhynch species lacking a basal and a junctional region. All pectinate microtriches had the same general architecture, independent of the number of digitiform processes. All trypanorhynchs studied harbored ciliated sensory receptors within the tegument. Even though sensory receptors were scarce in H. alloiotica, they were more abundant in the lacistorhynchid P. noodti and the otobothriids P. caryophyllum and O. penetrans, which exhibited two, six, and three kinds of receptors, respectively. Bothridial pits in O. penetrans and O. cysticum were invaginations of the bothridial surface, being characterized by the lack of sensory receptors and the presence of characteristic microtriches. These differed from other microtriches in that they were larger and had a base consisting of a widely enlarged matrix. The occurrence of different kinds of microtriches and sensory receptors within trypanorhynch cestodes is summarized, and the meaning of these surface structures and of bothridial pits as characters within future trypanorhynch classification is emphasized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008508
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Occurrence of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda) in fish from the Southeastern Weddell Sea (Antarctic) (1994)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 14 (8). pp. 539-544.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Eleven fish species from the Weddell Sea (Antarctic) were examined for infestation with anisakid nematodes. Two species of the genus Contracaecum and the sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens were isolated from the liver and the body cavity of fish affected. Only two specimens of P. decipiens (1.4%) partly invaded the belly flaps. The following fish species were infested by P. decipiens at the given prevalences: Cygnodraco mawsoni (74.4%), Trematomus scotti (23.2%), Pagetopsis maculatus (10.0%), Cryodraco antarcticus (7.1%), Trematomus lepidorhinus (3.0%), and Dolloidraco longedorsalis (2.7%). All of these, except Trematomus scotti, are new host records. Chaenodraco wilsoni, Chionodraco myersi, Gerlachea australis, Racovitzia glacialis and T. eulepidotus were not infested. The reasons for low prevalence and intensity of infestation are seen in the difficulties of P. decipiens in completing its benthic life cycle in the Weddell Sea environment, in the absence of shallow coastal waters due to the floating shelf-ice. Cygnodraco mawsoni is a crucial intermediate host, without which completion of the parasite life cycle might not be possible. In order to clarify the taxonomical position of Antarctic Pseudoterranova, morphological comparisons with specimens of P. decipiens from the German and Norwegian coast were made using scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed no differences; hence, all specimens studied belong to the same species P. decipiens.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00238223
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Adjustment of anisakid nematode life cycles to the high Antarctic food web as shown by Contracaecum radiatum and C. osculatum in the Weddell Sea (1992)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 4 (02).
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-16
    Beschreibung: The infestation of Weddell seals and several fish species by the anisakid nematodes Contracaecum osculatum and C. radiatum was compared. Nematode numbers in Weddell seal stomachs ranged from 30 560 to 122 640. Third stage larvae from seals and fish were separated into a short and a long type. The short type was related to C. radiatum and the long type to C. osculatum. The short type was more abundant in pelagic fish species, whereas the long type prevailed in benthic fish species. Fish-feeding channichthyids Cryodraco antarcticus and Chionodraco myersi seemed to play an important role as paratenic hosts for the third stage larvae of both Contracaecum species. Different advantageous and detrimental features of a benthic versus a pelagic life cycle under high Antarctic ecological conditions are discussed. Varying abundance of the two nematode species in hosts may be controlled by differences in their life cycles, which follow either a pelagic or a benthic food web. Crucial importance is thus given to the local availability of pelagic versus benthic food resources for Weddell seals.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954102092000269
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Occurence of trichodinid ciliates (Peritricha: Urceo-lariidae) in the Kiel Fjord, Baltic Sea, and its possible use as biological indicator (1999)
    Springer
    In:  Parasitology Research, 85 . pp. 726-732.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-19
    Beschreibung: Investigations on the occurrence of trichodinid ciliates from fish caught in the Kiel Bight and Kiel Fjord (western Baltic Sea) were carried out between September 1996 and March 1997. Smears of the gills, fins, and skin of 120 Gadus morhua and 92 Platichthys flesus caught by fish traps and trammel nets revealed the presence of trichodinid ciliates. According to the fish species and locality, different prevalences and densities of trichodinid ciliates were found. Fish caught in the Kiel Bight revealed a lower prevalence of trichodinid ciliates on their gills (P. flesus 74.2%, G. morhua 3.8%) in comparison with fish of the same species and size caught in the Kiel Fjord (P. flesus 75.0%, G. morhua 26.2%). In both areas, P. flesus was more heavily infested than G. morhua. Seasonal changes in the prevalence of infestation of P. flesus between autumn and winter in the Kiel Fjord are proposed to be linked to an increase in bacterial biomass during winter. The fish ecology in combination with the total number of bacteria in the fish environment is discussed as an important factor influencing the abundance of trichodinid ciliates. The present data suggest the use of trichodinid ciliates as an indicator for eutrophication in brackish-water environments.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s004360050622
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