Note: Intro -- Coping with Climate Change -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Boxes -- Chapter 1: The History of Climate -- 1.1 Changing the Climate for Development -- 1.2 Formation of Asia -- 1.3 Climate in the Pre-pottery Neolithic -- 1.4 Climate, the First Technological Revolution and Urbanization -- 1.5 Asian Climate After Kyoto Protocol -- References -- Chapter 2: Industrial Revolutions, Climate Change and Asia -- 2.1 Industrial Revolution and Asia -- 2.2 Air Pollution and CO2 -- References -- Chapter 3: Changing Environment: Where Will This Lead to? -- 3.1 Changing Environment and Impact on Biodiversity in Asian Context -- 3.2 Climate Change and Asian Economics -- 3.3 Transcending the Tensions Between Climate and Development -- References -- Chapter 4: Greenhouse Gas Inventory -- 4.1 Green House Gases and Asia -- 4.2 Countrywise Scenario in Asia -- References -- Chapter 5: Climate Change and Hydro-Meteorological Risks in Asia -- 5.1 Introduction to Hydro-Meteorological Disasters -- 5.2 Effect of Climate Change on Hydro-Meteorological Risk -- References -- Chapter 6: Asian Geological Settings: Its Effect on Climate Change and Disaster -- 6.1 Geological Setting and Common Disasters in Asia -- 6.1.1 Main Geographical Features -- 6.2 Climate Change and Disasters After Industrialization -- References -- Chapter 7: Climatic and Non Climatic Hazards: Asian Context -- 7.1 Land Movement Disasters -- 7.2 Water related Disasters -- 7.3 Weather Disasters -- 7.4 Fire -- 7.5 Health and Disease -- 7.6 Cumulative Effect of Man Made and Climatic Hazards -- References -- Chapter 8: Predicting Disaster: Asian Scenario -- 8.1 Non-climate Induced Risks -- 8.2 Climate Induced Disasters -- References -- Chapter 9: Early Warning Systems and Their Effectiveness in Asia -- 9.1 Biological Warning Systems -- 9.2 Man-Made Warning Systems. , References -- Chapter 10: Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Asia -- 10.1 Adaptation and Adoption: Human Strategy -- 10.2 Adaptation and Adoption: Strategy of Other Species -- 10.3 Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable Development and Equity -- References -- Chapter 11: Prediction of Regional Climate Change -- 11.1 Factors Affecting Asian Regional Climate -- 11.2 Future Emphasis -- References -- Chapter 12: Capacity Assessment: Is Asia Ready to Face Climate Change -- 12.1 Climate Forecast and Data Products That Support Decision-Making -- 12.2 Making Decision-Support Information Responsive to Decision-Maker -- 12.3 Looking Toward the Future -- References -- Chapter 13: Hazard and Risk Assessment -- 13.1 Aerial Mapping and Surveying -- 13.2 Riverine Flooding Analyses -- 13.3 Coastal Flooding Analyses and Mapping -- 13.4 Shallow Flooding Analyses and Mapping -- 13.5 Ice-Jam Analyses and Mapping -- 13.6 Alluvial Fan Flooding Analyses and Mapping -- 13.7 Mapping of Areas Protected by Levee Systems -- References -- Chapter 14: Preventing and Mitigation of Disasters -- 14.1 Coping with Natural Hazards -- 14.2 Planning and Preparation for Different Time Scales -- 14.3 Planning for Environmental Emergencies and Climate Change -- 14.4 Being Prepared Saves Lives -- References -- Chapter 15: Sea Level Change and Asia -- 15.1 History and Reality of Sea level Change -- 15.2 Impact on Flora and Fauna -- 15.3 Impact on Asian Society -- References -- Chapter 16: Impact on Biodiversity: Asian Scenario -- 16.1 Changing Species Demography -- 16.2 Vanishing Species -- References -- Chapter 17: Changing Livelihood Due to Climate Change: Asian Perspective -- 17.1 Difficulties in Agriculture -- 17.1.1 Rice -- 17.1.2 Potato -- 17.1.3 Wheat -- 17.1.4 Maize -- 17.1.5 Tomato -- 17.1.6 Cassava -- 17.1.7 Rubber -- 17.1.8 Sugar Cane. , 17.1.9 Groundnut -- 17.1.10 Garlic -- 17.1.11 Onion -- 17.1.12 Oil Palm -- 17.1.13 Asparagus -- 17.1.14 Cocoa -- 17.1.15 Horticultural Crops -- 17.1.16 Livestock -- 17.1.17 Pests and Diseases -- 17.2 Dropping Fish Reserves -- 17.3 Diminishing Forest -- References -- Chapter 18: Accelerating Innovation and Decelerating Climate Change -- 18.1 The Tools, Technologies, and Institutions -- 18.2 International Collaboration -- 18.3 Kyoto Protocol and Asia -- 18.4 Public Programs, Policies, and Innovation -- 18.5 Existing Climate-Finance Instruments -- 18.5.1 Uncertain Environmental Integrity -- 18.5.2 Inadequate Contribution to Sustainable Development -- 18.5.3 Weak Governance and Inefficient Operation -- 18.5.4 Limited Scope -- 18.5.5 Uncertainty About Market Continuity -- 18.5.6 Cash and Carbon May Not Move in Same Direction -- References -- Appendix A: Glossary -- Appendix B: Abbreviation Used in This Book -- Appendix C: Impact of Climate Change on Individual Asian Countries -- Afghanistan -- Armenia -- Azerbaijan -- Bahrain -- Bangladesh -- Bhutan -- Brunei Darussalam -- Cambodia -- China -- East Timor -- India -- Indonesia -- Iran -- Iraq -- Israel -- Japan -- Jordan -- Kazakhstan -- Korea, Dem. People´s Republic -- Korea, Republic of -- Kuwait -- Kyrgyzstan -- Lao -- Lebanon -- Malaysia -- Mongolia -- Myanmar -- Nepal -- Oman -- Pakistan -- Papua New Guinea -- Philippines -- Saudi Arabia -- Singapore -- Sri Lanka -- Syria -- Tajikistan -- Thailand -- Turkey -- Turkmenistan -- United Arab Emirates -- Uzbekistan -- Vietnam -- Yemen -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Solid Waste Management -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1…Need for Solid Wastesolid waste Management -- 1.2…Importance of a Sound Solid Wastesolid waste Management -- 1.3…Change in Characteristics in Quantity and Time -- 1.4…Waste Management in Pre-Industrialization Era -- 1.5…Waste Management in Post-Industrialization Era -- 1.6…Integrated Solid-Waste Managementwaste management -- 1.7…Waste Prevention and Life Cycle Assessment -- 1.8…Producers Responsibility -- 1.9…Solid Waste Management and Regulation -- 1.9.1 Need for Regulation -- 1.9.2 International Regulation -- 1.9.3 Regulation in Different Countries -- 1.10…Framework for Solid Waste Management -- 1.10.1 Elements of a Waste Managementwaste management System -- 1.10.2 Stakeholders -- 1.11…Financial Issues in Solid Waste Management -- 1.11.1 Capital Investment -- 1.11.2 Operation and Maintenance -- 1.12…Waste Generation: Rich Vs Poor -- 1.13…Psychology and Waste Generation -- 2 Waste Quantities and Characteristics -- 2.1…Sources of Solid WasteSolid Waste -- 2.2…Quantities and Composition -- 2.3…Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics -- References -- 3 Storage and Collection -- 3.1…StorageStorage -- 3.2…Collection -- 3.2.1 Collection From Low-Rise Detached Houses -- 3.2.2 Collection From Low and Medium-Rise Apartment -- 3.2.3 Collection From High-Rise Apartments -- 3.2.4 Collection From Commercial and Industrial Facilities -- 3.2.5 Vehicles for Collection -- 3.2.6 Pneumatic-Refuse-Collectioncollection System -- 3.3…Transfer and Transport -- References -- 4 Materials Recovery and Recycling -- 4.1…SegregationSegregation -- 4.1.1 Hand Sorting -- 4.1.2 Screens -- 4.1.3 Air ClassifiersAir Classifiers -- 4.1.4 Sink/Float Separators -- 4.1.5 Inclined Tables -- 4.1.6 Shaking Tables -- 4.1.7 Optical Sorting. , 4.1.8 Sorting by Differential Melting Temperature -- 4.1.9 Sorting by Selective Dissolution -- 4.1.10 Magnetic Separation -- 4.1.11 Eddy Current SeparatorsEddy current separators -- 4.1.12 Electrostatic SeparatorsElectrostatic separators -- 4.1.13 ShreddingShredding -- 4.1.14 Pulping -- 4.1.15 Crushing -- 4.1.16 Baling -- 4.1.17 Ballistic SeparatorsBallistic Separators -- 4.2…Reuse and Recycle -- 4.2.1 Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment -- 4.2.2 Composting -- 4.2.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion -- 4.2.3 Road Making -- 4.2.4 Removal and Recovery Method -- 4.2.5 StabilizationStabilization -- 4.2.6 DeactivationDeactivation -- 4.2.7 Metal Removal and Recovery -- 4.2.8 Aqueous Treatment -- 4.2.9 Plastic Granulatinggranulating -- 4.2.10 Emerging Biological Technologies -- 5 Disposal -- 5.1…Landfill -- 5.1.1 Processes Within a LandfillLandfill -- 5.1.2 Controlling Leachate and Gas -- 5.1.2.1 Monitoring of Landfills -- 5.1.2.2 Closure of Landfills -- 5.1.3 Operation of Landfills -- 5.1.4 Use of Old LandfillLandfill Sites -- 5.1.5 Landfill Mining -- 5.1.6 Land Filling Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste -- 5.2…Co-Processing of Solid Wastes -- 5.3…IncinerationIncineration and Waste to Energy -- 5.3.1 Heat Value of Refuse -- 5.3.2 Combustion and Energy Recovery -- 5.3.3 Energy Production from Waste -- 5.3.4 Material and Thermal Balances -- 5.3.4.1 Waste Heat Recovery -- 5.3.5 Other Technologies -- 5.3.5.1 GasificationGasification -- 5.3.5.2 PlasmaPlasma Technology -- 5.3.5.3 PyrolysisPyrolysis -- References -- 6 Biomedical Waste -- 6.1…Significance -- 6.1.1 Household Biomedical Waste -- 6.1.2 Biomedical Waste from Rural Area -- 6.2…Nosocomial Infection and Health Burden Due to Biomedical Waste -- 6.3…Characteristics and Quantities -- 6.4…Treatment and Disposal -- 6.5…Radioactive WasteRadioactive waste -- 6.6…Mercury in Biomedical Waste -- 7 Hazardous Waste -- 7.1…Significance. , 7.2…Precautions to be Taken StorageStorage and Transportationtransportation of Hazardous Waste -- 7.3…Characteristics and Quantity -- 7.3.1 Household Hazardous Waste and Special Waste -- 7.3.2 Hazardous Waste From Rural and Urban Area -- 7.4…StorageStorage of Hazardous Waste -- 7.5…Treatment and DisposalDisposal -- 7.5.1 StabilizationStabilization and Solidification -- 7.5.2 IncinerationIncineration and Coincineration -- 7.5.3 Landfill -- 7.5.4 Precautions and Practices During Incineration and Land Filling Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste -- References -- 8 Waste From Electrical and Electronic Equipment -- 8.1…Significance -- 8.2…Characteristics and Quantity -- 8.3…Material Recovery, Treatment and Disposaldisposal -- References -- 9 Wastes From Industrial and Commercial Activities -- 9.1…Extractive Industries -- 9.1.1 MiningMining -- 9.1.2 QuarryingQuarrying -- 9.1.3 LoggingLogging -- 9.2…Basic Industries -- 9.2.1 Metals -- 9.2.1.1 Copper -- 9.2.1.2 Aluminum -- 9.2.1.3 Iron and steel -- 9.2.2 Chemicals -- 9.2.3 Paper -- 9.2.4 Plastic -- 9.2.5 Glass -- 9.2.6 Textile -- 9.2.7 Wood Products -- 9.2.8 Power -- 9.2.9 Petroleum -- 9.3…Conversion and Fabrication Industry -- 9.3.1 Packaging -- 9.3.2 Automotive -- 9.3.3 Electrical and Electronics -- 9.3.4 Paper Products -- 9.3.5 Hardware -- 9.3.6 Soft Goods -- 9.3.7 Food Processing -- 9.3.8 Construction and Demolition -- 9.4…Service Industries -- 9.4.1 Entertainment -- 9.4.2 Hospitality -- 9.4.3 Software -- 9.4.4 Communication -- 9.5…Commercial Activity -- 9.5.1 Restaurants -- 9.5.2 Offices -- 9.5.3 Shops -- 9.5.4 Where Houses -- 9.6…Source Reduction -- 9.7…Zero Waste: Concept and Practice -- 9.8…Innovative Technologies -- References -- 10 Radio Active Waste -- 10.1…Significance -- 10.2…Classification of Waste -- 10.3…CharacterisationCharacterisation -- 10.4…Pre-Treatment -- 10.4.1 Packaging. , 10.4.2 DecontaminationDecontamination -- 10.5…Treatment -- 10.5.1 Compaction and Super-Compaction -- 10.5.2 IncinerationIncineration -- 10.5.3 Chemical and Thermochemical Decomposition -- 10.5.4 Partitioning and Transmutation -- 10.5.5 Conditioning -- 10.5.6 Immobilization -- 10.5.6.1 Immobilization Matrix -- Cementitious Materials -- Bitumen -- Organic Polymers -- High-Temperature IncinerationIncineration and Melting -- Phosphate Ceramics -- Inorganic Polymers/Synthetic Zeolites -- Glass -- Glass Ceramics -- Synroc -- Natural Crystalline Phases -- 10.6…StorageStorage -- 10.7…Disposal -- 10.7.1 Near Surface Disposaldisposal Facilities -- 10.7.2 Stone-Lined Earth Trenches -- 10.7.3 Reinforced Concrete Trenches -- 10.7.4 Tile Holes -- 10.7.5 Geological Disposaldisposal -- 10.8…Surveillance and Monitoring -- References -- 11 Health and Safety Issues -- 11.1…Required Precautions During Manual Operation -- 11.2…Required Precautions for Moving Materials Mechanically -- 11.3…Safety During Storage and Transport -- 11.3.1 Stacking Materials -- 11.3.2 Safety During TransportationTransportation -- 11.4…Safety During Treatment and DisposalDisposal -- 11.4.1 Safety Issues During Treatment -- 11.4.2 Safety Issues in Dumpsite -- 11.4.3 Safety Issues in LandfillLandfill Site -- 11.4.4 Safety Issues in IncineratorIncinerator -- 11.5…Work Permit System -- 11.6…Safety Education and Training -- 11.7…Safety Promotion and Publicity -- 11.8…Hazards Encountered in Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste Handling and DisposalDisposal Sites -- 11.9…Electrical Hazards -- 11.10…Heat Stress -- 11.11…Cold Exposure -- 11.12…Noise Hazard -- References -- 12 Environmental Issues -- 12.1…Impact on Air, Water and Soil -- 12.2…Impact on Flora and Fauna -- 12.3…Greenhouse Gas Generation and Climate Change -- References -- 13 Issues in Disaster Affected Area -- 13.1…TsunamiTsunami. , 13.2…EarthquakeEarthquake -- 13.3…Haphazard Disposal of Hazardous Waste -- 13.4…Flooding -- 13.5…Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones, Tornados -- 13.6…War and Conflict -- 13.7…Wild Fires -- 13.8…Industrial Accidents -- 13.9…Landslide -- 13.10…Avalanche -- 13.11…DroughtDrought -- 13.12…Epidemic Disease -- 13.13…Hail Storms -- 13.14…Volcanoes -- 13.15…Wind Storms -- 13.16…Waste Management -- 13.16.1 Emergency Response -- 13.16.2 Recovery -- 13.16.3 Rebuild -- 13.16.4 Waste Transportation -- 13.16.5 Waste Reuse/Recycle -- 13.16.6 Waste Disposal -- References -- 14 Solid Waste and Livelihood -- 14.1…Rag Pickers -- 14.2…Scrap Dealers -- 14.3…Waste CollectorsWaste Collectors -- 14.4…SweepersSweepers -- 14.5…Truck Drivers -- 14.6…Waste Handlers -- 14.7…Manual Waste Dis-assemblers -- 14.8…Waste Recyclers -- 14.9…Itinerant Waste Buyers -- References.